FDI对中国内资汽车产业技术溢出效应研究
摘要
近几年来,国际直接投资(FDI)对发展中东道国的技术溢出效应受到国内外学者越来越多的关注。FDI的载体——跨国公司是绝大多数前沿技术的创新者,也是全球技术转移与技术扩散的主体。由于技术具有广泛的外溢性,引进FDI与跨国公司开展卓有成效的合作,是发展中国家获得技术、提高创新能力的重要渠道。另外,由于技术产品市场的不完全性、高昂的市场交易成本,许多技术都采取内部化使用的方式,越是先进、尖端的技术,越不容易通过外部市场获得,因此对于发展中东道国来说,有效发挥跨国公司的技术溢出效应显得格外重要。国内外的现有研究成果表明,FDI技术溢出效应并不是自发产生的。它的产生和大小受多种因素的影响,并不是每个发展中东道国都能从FDI中获取这份重要的收益的。因此,在实证研究的基础上,挖掘具体行业的FDI技术溢出效应产生的规律,通过适当的政策促使FDI技术溢出效应的产生和提高,是十分必要的。
一直以来中国汽车产业选择的是一条“以市场换资金,以市场换技术”的合作道路,不可否认,外资的进入对中国汽车产业制造能力的提高和产业结构的改善起到了极大的推动作用,由于我国企业的科研投入和发展水平与发达国家相比仍然存在不小的差距,随着外资的不断进入,本土汽车企业正处在“边缘化”的危险当中。以“市场换技术”的开放模式并没有达到预期的目的。因此,外商直接投资对我国汽车产业技术溢出效应究竟如何是需要我们迫切思考和回答的问题。
对于FDI技术溢出效应产生的中微观机理,即技术溢出效应是如何在外资或跨国公司与内资或当地企业之间发生的?理论上还缺少深入的研究。绝大多数涉及技术溢出效应的理论研究文献(Caves,1974;Findlay,1978;Das,1987;Wang和Blomstr?m,1992)都将技术溢出效应视为由于跨国公司和当地企业之间存在的技术差距而“自动”发生的,忽视了跨国公司与当地企业在技术溢出效应发生过程中的主观能动作用。同时,对于客观条件也就是相关的制约因素,如当地的制度、当地企业的技术条件和东道国的市场条件等,也没有引起足够的重视。
本文立足于跨国公司的投资在汽车内资产业的影响这一个层面,并着眼于FDI技术溢出效应的研究。首先总结中国汽车产业发展的实践过程,再从理论上分析了外商直接投资技术溢出产生的机理以及影响因素,理论和实际相结合分析中国汽车产业及其内资产业在FDI溢出效应作用下的发展程度。最后做出实证检验。从而分析评价我国汽车产业FDI的溢出效应成效。并提出利用外资的技术溢出效应促进本土汽车产业发展的政策建议。评价溢出效果的决定性指标就是自主创新能力的变化,因此从专利申请角度、外国市场占有角度来评估之。在分析影响技术溢出的因素时,首先,国家的整体产业政策对汽车产业的企业组织产生深远的影响,深刻影响企业的组织效率,从而最终影响内资汽车产业的发展绩效。因为无法评估某个政策的绩效参数,我们只能用汽车产业在我国经济发展中的占比从结果上反映汽车产业政策的绩效。其次,内外资之间的竞争程度影响内资企业对技术感受,将影响技术溢出效应;最后企业自身吸收能力对FDI技术溢出起着决定性作用。
FDI进入中国汽车产业后,到底对中国汽车内资产业发展影响如何?面对这个问题,只有通过全面的研究,重新审视FDI的利与弊,才能有一个清晰而正确的认识,并提出相应的解决对策,利用FDI带来的有利因素,提高我国汽车产业的整体水平,以培育民族汽车产业的内生技术能力。中国通过FDI的方式,发展自己的汽车产业,FDI在中国汽车产业的发展过程中的溢出效益怎样?收到哪些因素的影响?程度如何?以及FDI对中国汽车产业自主创新发展的影响如何?本文试图回答这些问题。
外商直接投资(FDI)是发展中国家最大的资本来源,引入FDI的目的是利用FDI的技术外溢提升本国企业的技术水平,最终提高本国企业的国际竞争力。FDI技术外溢的途径是外资促进内资企业劳动生产率的提高,FDI技术外溢的结果是东道国企业的技术进步,内资企业的吸收能力是实现技术外溢的关键,内资企业吸收FDI技术外溢的根本目标是提高企业自身的创新能力。FDI技术外溢效应分析的基本理论涵盖技术外溢、吸收能力、创新能力和技术进步。FDI技术外溢的过程是外资促进内资企业劳动生产率的提高,FDI技术外溢的结果是东道国企业的技术进步,内资企业的吸收能力是实现技术外溢的关键,内资企业吸收FDI技术外溢的根本目标是提高企业自身的创新能力。
本文主要采用定性与实证相结合的研究方法。首先以汽车产业为研究对象,分析了我国汽车产业FDI的发展情况,包括其在华直接投资的历程、特点和发展趋势,接着从整个产业的角度定性分析汽车产业在华直接投资产生的积极影响以及负面影响。再从理论上分析了外商直接投资技术溢出产生的机理以及影响因素。最后从实证角度予以检验,得出结论。通过对内资汽车产业吸收FDI技术溢出对其自主创新能力的影响进行分析,提出利用外资提升自主创新能力的对策、建议。
本论文将会使用的理论和研究方法具体有:菲德两部门理论、CD生产函数、时间序列分析方法、协整理论、知识生产函数。
the In recent years, foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing host countries by domestic and foreign scholars technological overflow effect more and more attention. The carrier of multinational companies - FDI is most cutting-edge technology innovators, also is the global technology transfer and technology diffusion of main body. Due to technical has extensive spillover sex, the introduction of FDI and multinational companies to carry out effective cooperation, is developing countries get technology, improve the innovative ability important channel. In addition, due to technical product market with incomplete, high market transaction costs, many technology takes the internalization of the more advanced way, use and sophisticated technology, the less easily obtained by external markets for developing host countries, therefore, it effectively play multinational company appears important technological overflow effect. The existing domestic and foreign research shows that FDI technology spillover effects and are not spontaneous. Its emergence and size is influenced by many factors, and not everyone can developing host countries from FDI in the earnings for this important. Therefore, on the base of case study, mining specific industries of FDI technology spillover effect of law, through the appropriate policy prompted FDI technology spillover effect production and improve, it is very necessary. Until recently China automobile industry choice is a "taking market change funding to market change technology" cooperative road, admittedly, the access of foreign capital of China automobile industry manufacturing ability the enhancement and improvement of industrial structure plays a great role in promoting, because our country enterprise research investment and development level compared with the developed countries still exist large gap, with the continuous into foreign home-owned car enterprise is in, the danger of "marginal". "Exchanging market with technology" open models did not achieve the desired goal. Therefore, foreign direct investment of Chinese automobile industry technology spillover effect is exactly how we urgent need to think and question. For FDI technology spillover effect of microscopic mechanism of technological overflow effect, namely how multinational companies in foreign or local enterprises with domestic or between happen? Theoretically still lack of further research. Most involving technology spillover effect theory research literature (Findlay, 1974; Caves, Das, 1987; 1978; where and Blomstr? m, 1992) will technology spillover effect as multinational companies and local businesses because the technology gap between and "automatic" happen, ignore the multinational companies and local enterprises in technological overflow effect to occur in the process of subjective dynamic role. Also, for the objective conditions is also related factors, such as local system, local enterprise technical conditions and host of the market conditions and so on,
Based on the investment of transnational corporations in automobile domestic industry: the effect of the a plane, and technological overflow effect on FDI. In today's China automobile industry, there exist inside and outside two capital industry. For domestic role of FDI, will the size of industrial respectively from the three effects of FDI for domestic research of output growth industry growth () the tendency of changes to evaluate, from market share authority evaluation, overflow of fundamental purpose is not always follow, surpassing and, therefore, the decisive index evaluation overflow effect is the size of the independent innovation ability, thus the change from the patent application Angle and foreign market assessment of perspective. In this line of thinking. Analysis the influence factors of technology spillovers, first of all, of the whole country's industrial policies on auto industry enterprise organization profound influence on the deep influence of corporate organization, will ultimately affect the efficiency of the development of the domestic auto industry performance. Secondly, the competition between rearrangement of domestic enterprises greatly affects the technical feeling; Finally enterprise itself absorptive capacity of host country on FDI technology spillover plays a decisive role. Because to assess the performance of a policy, we can only use the car parameters in the economic development of the industry in our country from results than reflect of automobile industry policy of performance. Confronted with this problem, only by comprehensive research and re-examine the advantages and disadvantages of FDI, they can have a clear and correct understanding, and put forward corresponding solutions, use FDI brings favorable factors, improve the overall level of China's automobile industry, in order to cultivate the national automobile industry to the endogenous technical ability. China FDI way, develop their own automobile industry, FDI in the development of China's automobile industry in the process of how the spill benefits? What factors that influence the receipt? Levels? China's auto industry and FDI to the influence of the independent innovation development? This paper tries to answer these questions.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a developing country's largest capital sources, the introduction of FDI purpose is using FDI technology spillovers domestic enterprise's technical level ascension, eventually improve the international competitiveness of domestic enterprises. FDI technology spillover approach is foreign capital to promote domestic enterprise labor productivity rise, FDI technology spillover is the result of host country enterprise progress of technology, the domestic enterprises is to realize technology spillovers absorptive capacity of the key, domestic enterprise absorbing FDI technology spillovers ultimate goal is to improve the innovation ability of the enterprise itself. FDI technology spillover effect is analyzed the basic theory of technological spillover, covering absorbing ability, innovation ability and the technological progress. FDI technology spillover process is foreign capital to promote domestic enterprise labor productivity rise, FDI technology spillover is the result of host country enterprise progress of technology, the domestic enterprises is to realize technology spillovers absorptive capacity of the key, domestic enterprise absorbing FDI technology spillovers ultimate goal is to improve the innovation ability of the enterprise itself. This paper mainly qualitative analysis and empirical combination of research methods. First to auto industry as the research object, analyses the development of China's automobile industry FDI, including its direct investment in China's history, characteristics and the trends, from the Angle of the whole industry and automobile industry of the qualitative analysis produced direct investment in China and negative impact the positive influence. Then analyzed theoretically foreign direct investment technology spillover emergence mechanism and influencing factors. Finally empirically be inspection, draw the conclusion. Through the domestic auto industry absorbing FDI technology spillover to the independent innovation ability, the article analyzes the influence of the utilization of foreign capital of countermeasures self-reliant innovation Suggestions. This thesis will use the theory and research method of the specific have: federline two department theory, CD production function, time series analysis method, the co-integration theory, knowledge production function.
一直以来中国汽车产业选择的是一条“以市场换资金,以市场换技术”的合作道路,不可否认,外资的进入对中国汽车产业制造能力的提高和产业结构的改善起到了极大的推动作用,由于我国企业的科研投入和发展水平与发达国家相比仍然存在不小的差距,随着外资的不断进入,本土汽车企业正处在“边缘化”的危险当中。以“市场换技术”的开放模式并没有达到预期的目的。因此,外商直接投资对我国汽车产业技术溢出效应究竟如何是需要我们迫切思考和回答的问题。
对于FDI技术溢出效应产生的中微观机理,即技术溢出效应是如何在外资或跨国公司与内资或当地企业之间发生的?理论上还缺少深入的研究。绝大多数涉及技术溢出效应的理论研究文献(Caves,1974;Findlay,1978;Das,1987;Wang和Blomstr?m,1992)都将技术溢出效应视为由于跨国公司和当地企业之间存在的技术差距而“自动”发生的,忽视了跨国公司与当地企业在技术溢出效应发生过程中的主观能动作用。同时,对于客观条件也就是相关的制约因素,如当地的制度、当地企业的技术条件和东道国的市场条件等,也没有引起足够的重视。
本文立足于跨国公司的投资在汽车内资产业的影响这一个层面,并着眼于FDI技术溢出效应的研究。首先总结中国汽车产业发展的实践过程,再从理论上分析了外商直接投资技术溢出产生的机理以及影响因素,理论和实际相结合分析中国汽车产业及其内资产业在FDI溢出效应作用下的发展程度。最后做出实证检验。从而分析评价我国汽车产业FDI的溢出效应成效。并提出利用外资的技术溢出效应促进本土汽车产业发展的政策建议。评价溢出效果的决定性指标就是自主创新能力的变化,因此从专利申请角度、外国市场占有角度来评估之。在分析影响技术溢出的因素时,首先,国家的整体产业政策对汽车产业的企业组织产生深远的影响,深刻影响企业的组织效率,从而最终影响内资汽车产业的发展绩效。因为无法评估某个政策的绩效参数,我们只能用汽车产业在我国经济发展中的占比从结果上反映汽车产业政策的绩效。其次,内外资之间的竞争程度影响内资企业对技术感受,将影响技术溢出效应;最后企业自身吸收能力对FDI技术溢出起着决定性作用。
FDI进入中国汽车产业后,到底对中国汽车内资产业发展影响如何?面对这个问题,只有通过全面的研究,重新审视FDI的利与弊,才能有一个清晰而正确的认识,并提出相应的解决对策,利用FDI带来的有利因素,提高我国汽车产业的整体水平,以培育民族汽车产业的内生技术能力。中国通过FDI的方式,发展自己的汽车产业,FDI在中国汽车产业的发展过程中的溢出效益怎样?收到哪些因素的影响?程度如何?以及FDI对中国汽车产业自主创新发展的影响如何?本文试图回答这些问题。
外商直接投资(FDI)是发展中国家最大的资本来源,引入FDI的目的是利用FDI的技术外溢提升本国企业的技术水平,最终提高本国企业的国际竞争力。FDI技术外溢的途径是外资促进内资企业劳动生产率的提高,FDI技术外溢的结果是东道国企业的技术进步,内资企业的吸收能力是实现技术外溢的关键,内资企业吸收FDI技术外溢的根本目标是提高企业自身的创新能力。FDI技术外溢效应分析的基本理论涵盖技术外溢、吸收能力、创新能力和技术进步。FDI技术外溢的过程是外资促进内资企业劳动生产率的提高,FDI技术外溢的结果是东道国企业的技术进步,内资企业的吸收能力是实现技术外溢的关键,内资企业吸收FDI技术外溢的根本目标是提高企业自身的创新能力。
本文主要采用定性与实证相结合的研究方法。首先以汽车产业为研究对象,分析了我国汽车产业FDI的发展情况,包括其在华直接投资的历程、特点和发展趋势,接着从整个产业的角度定性分析汽车产业在华直接投资产生的积极影响以及负面影响。再从理论上分析了外商直接投资技术溢出产生的机理以及影响因素。最后从实证角度予以检验,得出结论。通过对内资汽车产业吸收FDI技术溢出对其自主创新能力的影响进行分析,提出利用外资提升自主创新能力的对策、建议。
本论文将会使用的理论和研究方法具体有:菲德两部门理论、CD生产函数、时间序列分析方法、协整理论、知识生产函数。
the In recent years, foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing host countries by domestic and foreign scholars technological overflow effect more and more attention. The carrier of multinational companies - FDI is most cutting-edge technology innovators, also is the global technology transfer and technology diffusion of main body. Due to technical has extensive spillover sex, the introduction of FDI and multinational companies to carry out effective cooperation, is developing countries get technology, improve the innovative ability important channel. In addition, due to technical product market with incomplete, high market transaction costs, many technology takes the internalization of the more advanced way, use and sophisticated technology, the less easily obtained by external markets for developing host countries, therefore, it effectively play multinational company appears important technological overflow effect. The existing domestic and foreign research shows that FDI technology spillover effects and are not spontaneous. Its emergence and size is influenced by many factors, and not everyone can developing host countries from FDI in the earnings for this important. Therefore, on the base of case study, mining specific industries of FDI technology spillover effect of law, through the appropriate policy prompted FDI technology spillover effect production and improve, it is very necessary. Until recently China automobile industry choice is a "taking market change funding to market change technology" cooperative road, admittedly, the access of foreign capital of China automobile industry manufacturing ability the enhancement and improvement of industrial structure plays a great role in promoting, because our country enterprise research investment and development level compared with the developed countries still exist large gap, with the continuous into foreign home-owned car enterprise is in, the danger of "marginal". "Exchanging market with technology" open models did not achieve the desired goal. Therefore, foreign direct investment of Chinese automobile industry technology spillover effect is exactly how we urgent need to think and question. For FDI technology spillover effect of microscopic mechanism of technological overflow effect, namely how multinational companies in foreign or local enterprises with domestic or between happen? Theoretically still lack of further research. Most involving technology spillover effect theory research literature (Findlay, 1974; Caves, Das, 1987; 1978; where and Blomstr? m, 1992) will technology spillover effect as multinational companies and local businesses because the technology gap between and "automatic" happen, ignore the multinational companies and local enterprises in technological overflow effect to occur in the process of subjective dynamic role. Also, for the objective conditions is also related factors, such as local system, local enterprise technical conditions and host of the market conditions and so on,
Based on the investment of transnational corporations in automobile domestic industry: the effect of the a plane, and technological overflow effect on FDI. In today's China automobile industry, there exist inside and outside two capital industry. For domestic role of FDI, will the size of industrial respectively from the three effects of FDI for domestic research of output growth industry growth () the tendency of changes to evaluate, from market share authority evaluation, overflow of fundamental purpose is not always follow, surpassing and, therefore, the decisive index evaluation overflow effect is the size of the independent innovation ability, thus the change from the patent application Angle and foreign market assessment of perspective. In this line of thinking. Analysis the influence factors of technology spillovers, first of all, of the whole country's industrial policies on auto industry enterprise organization profound influence on the deep influence of corporate organization, will ultimately affect the efficiency of the development of the domestic auto industry performance. Secondly, the competition between rearrangement of domestic enterprises greatly affects the technical feeling; Finally enterprise itself absorptive capacity of host country on FDI technology spillover plays a decisive role. Because to assess the performance of a policy, we can only use the car parameters in the economic development of the industry in our country from results than reflect of automobile industry policy of performance. Confronted with this problem, only by comprehensive research and re-examine the advantages and disadvantages of FDI, they can have a clear and correct understanding, and put forward corresponding solutions, use FDI brings favorable factors, improve the overall level of China's automobile industry, in order to cultivate the national automobile industry to the endogenous technical ability. China FDI way, develop their own automobile industry, FDI in the development of China's automobile industry in the process of how the spill benefits? What factors that influence the receipt? Levels? China's auto industry and FDI to the influence of the independent innovation development? This paper tries to answer these questions.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a developing country's largest capital sources, the introduction of FDI purpose is using FDI technology spillovers domestic enterprise's technical level ascension, eventually improve the international competitiveness of domestic enterprises. FDI technology spillover approach is foreign capital to promote domestic enterprise labor productivity rise, FDI technology spillover is the result of host country enterprise progress of technology, the domestic enterprises is to realize technology spillovers absorptive capacity of the key, domestic enterprise absorbing FDI technology spillovers ultimate goal is to improve the innovation ability of the enterprise itself. FDI technology spillover effect is analyzed the basic theory of technological spillover, covering absorbing ability, innovation ability and the technological progress. FDI technology spillover process is foreign capital to promote domestic enterprise labor productivity rise, FDI technology spillover is the result of host country enterprise progress of technology, the domestic enterprises is to realize technology spillovers absorptive capacity of the key, domestic enterprise absorbing FDI technology spillovers ultimate goal is to improve the innovation ability of the enterprise itself. This paper mainly qualitative analysis and empirical combination of research methods. First to auto industry as the research object, analyses the development of China's automobile industry FDI, including its direct investment in China's history, characteristics and the trends, from the Angle of the whole industry and automobile industry of the qualitative analysis produced direct investment in China and negative impact the positive influence. Then analyzed theoretically foreign direct investment technology spillover emergence mechanism and influencing factors. Finally empirically be inspection, draw the conclusion. Through the domestic auto industry absorbing FDI technology spillover to the independent innovation ability, the article analyzes the influence of the utilization of foreign capital of countermeasures self-reliant innovation Suggestions. This thesis will use the theory and research method of the specific have: federline two department theory, CD production function, time series analysis method, the co-integration theory, knowledge production function.
引文
[1]冯飞入世后过渡期我国重点产业竞争力评价
[2]本文此处的方法,参考了南京信息工程大学周彩红的文章《基于协整与脉冲响应函数的FDI溢出效应分析——以长三角制造业为例》《科学决策》2010年6期
[5]朱彤我国汽车产业政策制定与实施中的三个认识问题《中国经贸导刊》2007,21:23-24
[6]刘世锦:政府管制不利中国汽车产业发展2009年06月03日15:42来源:经济参考报
[8]李安定:“保护伞”下焉有汽车强国2010年12月07日16:36来源:财经国家周刊
[9]来源:2011年03月10日人民日报
[10]见陈卓淳博士论文《FDI在中国的技术溢出效应研究》2007年
[12]资料来源:安徽日报
[14]资料源于:2011-1-20来源:东方早报《一汽-大众将推自主品牌首款概念车型曝光》
[15]资料源于:2011年01月28日网上车市金超《一汽大众“自主品牌”首款车为改款捷达》
[18]中央电视台财经频道2009-10-20报道
[19] K.Cheung.P.Lin Spillover effects of FDI on innovation in China: evidence from provincial data [J].China Economic Review, 2004(15):25-44,
[20] Hu A.Jefferson. FDI, impact of spillover: evidence from China’s electronic and textile industries [J]. World Economy, 2001,25 (8):1063-1076.
[21] Groshby Mark,Patents、innovation and growth [ J ]. Economic Record, 2000, 76: 255 - 262.
[1] Macdougall G.. the benefits and costs of private investment from abroad. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Stastics,1960,22:189-211
[2] Blomstr?m M., Kokko A.. Multinational Corporations and Spillovers. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1998,12:247-277
[3] Cohen W., Levinthal D..Absorptive Capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35:`128-152
[4] Mowery David C., Oxley Joanne E..Inward Technology Transfer and Competitiveness: the Role of National Innovation System, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19:67-93
[5] Kim W..Crisis construction and organizational learning: Capacity building in catching-up at Hyundai Motor. Organization Science,1998,9:506-521
[6] Zahra S. George G. Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. The Academy of Management review,2002,2:185-204
[7] Hymer S. The International Operations of National Firms:A Study of Direct Foreign Investment.Ph.D. Dissertation,MIT,1960
[8] Kindleberger C. American Business Abroad: Six Lectures on Direct Investment. New Haven. Yale University Press,1969
[9] Caves R..International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment.Economica,1971,38:1-27
[10] Buckley P., M. Casson. The Future of the Multinational Enterprises. London:Macmillan 1976.p.69.
[11] Rugman,A.M..Inside the Multinationals: the Economics of International Markets.London: Croom Helm, ,1981,p.28.
[12] Coase,R.H..The Nature of the Firm. Economics,1937,11: 386-405
[13] Vernon R.. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1966,80:190-207
[14] Kojima. On the Factor-Price Frontier in the Pure Theory of International Trade. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics,1978,18(2):62-75
[15] Dunning J.H.. International Production and Multinational enterprise. London: Allen and Unwin,1981:28
[16] Dunning, J.H..Explaining International Production. London:Unwin Hyman,1988
[17] Michael E.Porter.竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.
[18]陈明森.产业升级外向推动与利用外资战略调整[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.p116.
[19] Caves. Multinational firms, competition and productivity in host country markets.Economica,1974,(41):176-193
[20] Koizumi T., Kopecky K.. Economic growth, capital movements and the international transfer of technical knowledge. Journal of International Economics,1977,7:45-65
[21] Findlay R.. Relative Backwardness, Direct Foreign Investment and the Transfer of Technology: a Simple Dynamic Model, Quarterly Journal of Economics,1978,92:1-16
[22] Das S..Externalities and technology transfer through MNCs. Journal of international economics.1987,22:171-180
[23] Ari Kokko.Technology, market characteristics and spillovers, Journal of development economics.1994,43:279-293
[24] Colombo & Mosconi.Complementarity and Cumulative Learning Effects in the Early Discusion of Multiples Technologies,The Journal of Industrial Economics,1990,3(43):13-49
[25] G?rg H.,Strobl E..Multinational companies and productivity spillovers:a Meta-Analysis,The Economic Journal,2001,11: 723-739
[26] Lall, Sanjaya.Vertical interfirms linkages in LDCs: an empirical study,Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,1980,42:203-226 203-206
[27] Carlo Altomonte, Laura Resmini. Multinational Corporations as Catalyst for Industrial Development: The Case of Poland,William Davidson Institute Working Paper No.368,2001
[28] Markusen J.R.,A.J.Venables. Foreign Direct Investment as Catalyst for Industrial Development: The Challenge to Japan. European Economic Review, 1999,(43)2:335-356
[29] Smarzynska Javorcik,B..Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms? In search of spillovers through backward linkages. American Economic Review,2004,94(3):605-627
[30] Castellani D.,Zanfei A..Multinational Experience and the Creation of Linkages with local firms. Evidence from the Electronics Industry, Cambridge Journalof Economics, 2001.
[31] Wang J., Blomstr?m M.. Foreign investment and technology transfer: A simple model. European Economic Review, 1992, 36:137-155
[32] Sj?holm F.. Exports, imports and productivity: results from Indonesian establishment data. World Development, 1999,27(4):705-754
[33] Girma S.,Greenaway D.,Wakelin K..Who benefits from foreign direct investment in the UK? Scottish Journal of Political Economy,2001,48:119-133
[34] Imbriani C.& Reganati F..International Efficiency Spillovers into the Italian Manufacturing Sector-English Summary. Economia Internazionale,1997,50:583-595
[35] Ari Kokko,Tansini R.,Zejan M.. Local technological capability and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector,The Journal of Development studies,1996,32(4): 602-611
[36] Liu, Xiaming, Siler, Pamiler, Wang, Chengqi. And Wei, Yingqi. Productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment: evidence from UK industry level panel data,Journal of International Business Studies, 2000(31)3:407-425.
[37] Perez T..Multinational Enterprises and Technological Spillovers: an Evolutionary Model, Evolutionary Economics 1997,(7),2:169-192
[38] Dunning J.H., Cantwell J.A. , Corley, T.A.B..The theory of international production: some historical antecedents, chapter 2 in P. Hertner and G.G. Jones (eds.)1986, Multinationals: Theory and History, Brookfield, Vermont: Gower.
[39] Globerman S..Foreign Direct Investment and Spillover Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries. Canadian Journal of Economics,1979,12:42-56
[40] Ari Kokko.Productivity Spillovers from Competition between Local Firms and Foreign Affiliates. Journal of International Development,1996,8:517-530
[41]陈涛涛、范明曦、马文祥.对影响我国外商直接投资行业内溢出效应的因素的经验研究,[J]金融研究,2003,5:117-126
[42] Evans, Peter B..Dependent Development:The Alliances of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil, Princeton, New Jersey: Priceton University Press,1979
[43] Harrison A..Productivity, Imperfect competition and Trade Reform, Journal of International Economics, 1994,36:53-73
[44] Aitken B., Harrison A.. Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct ForeignInvestment, Evidence from Venezuela? American Economic Review, 1999, 89(3):605-618
[45] Banga R..Do Productivity Spillovers from Japanese and U.S.Differ? mimeo,Delhi school of Economics, 2003
[46] Javorcik、Beata Smarzynska、Kamal Saggi、Mariana Spatarenu:Does It Matter Where You Come From? Vertical Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment and the Nationality of Investors[M].world Bank Policy Research Working Per344,2004.
[47]孟亮,宣国良.不同来源FDI在华技术溢出效应实证研究[J].科研管理,2005,5:114-120
[48] Dimelis S.,Louri H.. Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity Analysis, DEOS Working Papers 127, Athens University of Economics and Business. 2001.
[49] Blomstr?m M., Sj?holm F.. Technology Transfer and Spillovers: Does Local Participation with Multinationals Matter. European Economic Review,1999,43:915-923
[50] Toth,I.,Andras Semjen.Market Links,Tax Environment and Financial Discipline of Hungarian Enterprises, Institute of Economics,Hungarian Academy of Sciences,Budapest, 1999
[51] Javorcik Beata Smarzynska:Does Foreign Direct Investment increases the Productivity of Domestic Firms ? In Search of Spillovers through Backward Linkages[J].American economic Review,2004(94).
[52] Narula R,A Marin.FDI Spillovers,Absorptive Capacities and Human CapitalDevelopment:Evidence from Argentina[Z].MERIT Research Memorandum series,2003-16.
[53] Driffield N,et al.Does the Motivation for Foreign Direct Investment Affect Productivity Spillovers to the Domestic Sector[Z].http://research.abs. aston.ac.uk/working_papers/0202. pdf,2002.
[54] Reuber G.L..Private Foreign Investment in Development,The Canadian Journal of Economics, 1975,8(4):631-633
[55] Nigel Driffield, James H. Love. Does the Motivation for Foreign Direct Investment Affect Productivity Spillovers to the Domestic Sector? University of Birmingham, Research Paper 2002, No.0202.
[56] S.E.Feinberg,S.K.Majumdar. Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in the Indian Pharmaceutical Indaustry, Journal of International Business Studies,2001(32),3:421-437
[57] Li Xiaoying, Xiaming Liu,David Parker. Foreign Direct Investment andProductivity Spillovers in the Chinese Manufacturing Sector. Economic Systems,2001,(25)4:305-321
[58] Buckley J., Peter, Clegg, Jeremy and Chengqi Wang . The Impacts of FDI on the Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms,Journal of International Business Studies, 2002(33),4:637-655.
[59] Olofsdotter K.Foreign Direct Investment, Country Capabilities and Economic Growth. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 1998,134,3
[60] Henley J.C.,G.Wilde. Foreign direct investment in China: recent trends and current policy issues, The World Economy, 1999,(22)2:233-243
[61] Stern Nicholas.Public Policy and the Economics of Development, European Economic Review, 1991,35:241-271
[62] Tortensson J..Property Right and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study, Kyklos, 1994,2:231-247
[63] Mauro P..Corruption and Growth,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1995,110:681-712
[64] Alfaro et.al. FDI and Economic Growth:The Role of Local Markets,OECD Working Paper, 2000.
[65]何洁.外国直接投资对中国工业部门外溢效应的进一步精确量化[J].世界经济, 2000, 12:29-36.
[66] Moran, Theodore H..Foreign Direct Investment and Development, Washington,DC: Institute for International Economics,1998
[67] Grossman G.,Helpman E.. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA, MIT press,1991
[68] Holmes J.,Schmitz A..Competition at Work: Railroads vs. Monopoly in the US Shipping Industry. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review,2001,25(2):3-29
[69]张建华、欧阳轶雯.外商直接投资、技术外溢与经济增长—对广东数据的实证分析[J].经济学(季刊),2003(2),3:647-666
[70] Nelson R.,Phelps E..Investment in humans,technological diffusion, and economic growth. American Economic Review, 1966(56),2:69-76
[71] Borensztein E.,Gregorio J.,Lee J-W..How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 1998,45:115-135
[72] Xu B..Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host countryproductivity growth. Journal of Development Economics,2000,62:477-493
[73]沈坤荣、耿强.外商直接投资、技术外溢与内生经济增长—中国数据的计量检验与实证分析[J].中国社会科学,2001,5:82-93
[74] Barry F.,G?rg H.,Strobl E. et al..Foreign Direct Investment and Wages in Domestic Firms: Productivity Spillovers vs. Labour-Market Crowding Out,2001
[75]熊彼特经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆1990年版
[76]亨利·切萨布鲁夫(Henry Chesbrough).开放创新的新范式[M].北京:科学出版社2010.
[77] Ron Adner. Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem [J]. Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4): 98-107.
[78]埃里克·冯·希贝尔(Eric von Hippel).创新民主化(Democratizing Innovation)[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2007.
[79] Mariano Nietoa, Pilar Quevedo. Absorptive capacity, technological opportunity, Knowledge spillovers, and innovative. Technovation, 2005,25:1141-1157
[80]范黎波.跨国公司技术转移与中国企业学习战略研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学博士论文2004.
[81] Samli,Coskun.Technology Transfer:geographic economics cultural and technical dimensions,Quorum books,1985, 8-14
[82]王林涵.外商直接投资(FDI)与我国自主创新能力的形成[D].天津师范大学2006,4.
[83]王红领李稻葵冯俊新.以竞争推动民族企业的自主创新[J].科学决策2006,2:40
[84] Hu A.,Jefferson G..FDI, Technology Innovation and Spillover: Evidence from Large and Medium Size Chinese Enterprises, Mimeo, Brandeis University, 2001
[85]陈柳、刘志彪.本土创新能力、FDI技术外溢与经济增长[J].南开经济研究2006,3:90-101
[86]马天毅,马野青和张二震.外商直接投资与我国技术创新能力[J].世界经济研究,2006,7:4-8
[87]赵英.外商直接投资对我国汽车工业的影响[J].中国工业经济2000,1:57-62
[88]张雪倩.跨国公司在中国的技术溢出效应分析:以汽车工业为例[J].世界经济研究2003,4:25-30
[89]吴定玉、张治觉.外商直接投资与中国汽车行业市场集中度:实证研究[J].世界经济研究2004,4:53-59
[90]尹永威跨国公司在华汽车产业投资的技术溢出效应分析[D]山东大学,2006
[91]赵增耀王喜.产业竞争力、企业技术能力与外资的溢出效应—基于我国汽车产业吸收能力的实证分析[J].管理世界,2007,12:58-66.
[92]孟秀惠.FDI对中国汽车产业竞争力的驱动作用研究[J].技术经济2007,10:29-34,97
[93]赵晶.基于CGE模型的FDI溢出效应对我国汽车产业影响研究[D];湖南大学,2008.
[94]王梓薇刘铁忠.中国汽车整车制造业FDI挤入挤出效应研究—基于产业安全视角的实证分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)2009,2:6-9.
[95] Agosin M.R.,Mayer R..Foreign Investment in Developing Countries: Does it Crowd in Domestic Investment,UNCTAD Discussion Paper,2000,146.
[96]胡小娟,温立强. FDI对中国汽车产业内资企业溢出效应的实证研究[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版)2009,(23)5:59-63
[97]高铁梅等.计量经济学分析方法与建模Eviews应用及实例(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[98] C.A.Sims.Macroeconomics and Reality, Econometrica, 1980,48:1-48
[99] Andrew Levin and Lakshmi K. Raut .Complementarities between Exports and Human Capital in Economic Growth: Evidence from the Semi-industrialized Countries, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1997,46:155–174
[100] Wolfgang Keller. International Techology Diffusion Journal of Economic
[101]包群,赖明勇、阳小晓.外商直接投资、吸收能力与经济增长[M].上海:三联书店2006,60-62
[102] Engle Robert F.,C.W.J.Granger. Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation,Estimation, and Testing, Econimetrica, 1987,55:251-276
[103] H.Theil, A.L.Nagar. Testing the Independence of Regression Disturbances Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1961(56)No.296:793-806
[104]陈羽.市场竞争与外商直接投资技术转移----来自中国制造业的证据[J].财经研究2005,10:64-76,136
[105] Kim, Linsu. Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of a Korea’s Technological Learning[M]. Harvard Business School Press. 1997
[106] Barro R.,Sala-I-Martin X..Economic Growth. New York:McGraw Hill,1995
[107] Girma S.,G?rg H..Foreign direct investment, spillovers and absorptive capacity: Evidence from quantile regressions. Globalization, Productivity and Technology Program research paper, University of Nottingham, 2002,14
[108]严兵.“以竞争换技术”战略与外资溢出效应----基于我国工业部门相关数据的分析[J].财贸经济,2005,1:18-22.
[109] Feder G.. On Export and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 1982,12:59-73
[110]冷民.从台湾微电子产业的发展看利用外资与提高自主创新能力的关系[J].中国科技论坛2005,3:77-81
[111] Griliches Z..Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth, Bell Journal of Economics,1979,(10)1:92-116
[112] Jaffe A.B..Real Effects of Academic Research, American Economic Review, 1989,(79)5:957-970
[113]李强,韩伯棠,李晓轩.知识生产函数研究与实践述评[J].经济问题探索2006,1:24-27
[114]张晓峒赵初晓.小样本DW统计量的分布特征[J].南开经济研究2010,3:40-43
[115]唐绍祥,张云华,周新苗编著.FDI技术溢出效应研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[116]杨捷李永宋健编著.汽车技术经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2009.
[117]赵果庆著.基于FDI集聚的中国产业竞争力研究[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2009.
[118]任燕燕著.平行数据模型及其在经济分析中的应用[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006.
[119]张晓峒主编.计量经济学基础[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2001.
[120]苏惠香著.网络经济技术创新与扩散效应研究[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2008.
[121]《中国汽车工业年鉴1992-2009》[M].北京:中国汽车工业年鉴编辑部出版社,1992-2009年
[122]陈佳琪著.技术联盟创新论—中外汽车工业联盟创新的理论与实践[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[123]孟嗣宗编著.创新—中国汽车工业之魂[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007.
[124]许永兵著.消费行为与经济增长以中国城镇居民为例的实证研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[125]罗勇著.产业集聚、经济增长与区域差距[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[126]范从来沈坤荣郑江淮等著.转型中的经济结构变迁与经济增长[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005.
[127]谢伟著.中国消费电子业的崛起[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2004.
[128]严兵.国外FDI溢出效应研究综述[J].当代经济,2005,4:100-103.
[129]廖文龙. FDI技术外溢在我国的研究与发展[J].商场现代化,2009,1:173-174.
[130]陈洁沈健祁婷.汽车产业缩小内外资区域技术差距的必要性和对策研究—从FDI产业内溢出效应的角度[J].商场现代化,2008,7:358.
[131]汽车蓝皮书中国汽车产业发展报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[132]张娟.跨国公司对我国汽车产业技术转移模式分析[J].汽车工业研究,2005,6:12-14.
[133]王云生.基于VAR模型的人民币汇率波动对浙江企业盈利的影响[J].工业技术经济,2010,4:101-103.
[134]翁非.石油价格冲击与中国经济增长基于三变量VAR模型的研究[J].统计观察,2006,6:84-86.
[135]黄静.影响FDI技术外溢效果的因素分析—基于吸收能力的研究[J].世界经济研究,2006,8:60-66.
[136]严兵.外商在华直接投资的行业间溢出效应—基于我国工业部门相关数据的初步分析[J].亚太经济,2006,1:90-93.
[137]关健周文娇.基于吸收能力的知识市场交易模型构建[J].情报杂志,2010,10:118-121,63.
[138]万金城查贵勇.在华不同来源地FDI溢出效应比较[J].江苏商论,2007,9:77-79.
[139]张宇. FDI技术外溢的地区差异与吸收能力的门限特征—基于中国省际面板数据的门限回归分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008,1:28-39.
[140]杨俊仙. FDI的技术溢出效应及其影响因素分析—以山西为例[J].经济问题,2008,8:121-123.
[141]张兰霞王静杨海君.沈阳装备制造业外商直接投资技术溢出效应实证研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,6:909-912.
[142]黄凌云徐磊陈明强.中国进口贸易技术溢出效应的实证分析[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2010,16,1:53-58.
[143]钟娟张庆亮.金融市场发展对中国FDI技术溢出效应的影响及其门槛效应检验[J].江苏商论,2010,5:98-104.
[144]姜瑾. FDI技术溢出效应影响因素研究的理论假设与经验证据[J].外国经济与管理,2007,1:60-65.
[145]吴晓波黄娟.技术体制对FDI溢出效应的影响:基于中国制造业的计量分析[J].科研管理,2007,9:18-24,51.
[146]严兵.“以竞争换技术”战略与外资溢出效应—基于我国工业部门相关数据的分析[J].财贸经济,2005,1:18-22.
[147]明勇包群彭水军张新.外商直接投资与技术外溢:基于吸收能力的研究[J].经济研究,2005,8:95-105.
[148]邓路. FDI溢出效应与自主技术创新效率:一个高技术产业特征的视角[J].财经论丛,2010,1:12-18.
[149]贾美娟陈守明.政府科技资助对企业自身科技投入的效应分析[J].上海管理科学,2008,5:70-74.
[150]李玉梅桑百川. FDI推动自主创新:理论框架与对策[J].国际经济合作,2010,4:40-44.
[151]滕玉华.自主研发、技术引进与能源强度[J].产业经济研究,2009,5:1-6.
[152]苏方林.省域R&D知识溢出的GWR实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,2:145-153.
[153]魏彦莉傅利平. FDI与技术创新理论的结合研究综述[J].科技管理研究,2009,5:33-34,39.
[154]朱平芳徐伟民.政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响—上海市的实证研究[J].经济研究,2003,6:45-53.
[155]吴玉鸣何建坤.研究型大学研发与首都区域专利产出的动态计量经济分析[J].科研管理,2007,3:93-98.
[156]周彩红.基于协整与脉冲响应函数的FDI溢出效应分析—以长三角制造业为例[J].科学决策,2010,6:48-57,94.
[157]卢勇.西方FDI理论评述及其借鉴意义[J].商业时代,2010,24:39-40,54.
[158]刘兆明,陈晓玲.FDI技术溢出对我国本土创新能力的影响分析[J].山东工商学院学报,2007,06 :70-74.
[159]侯润秀,官建成.FDI对我国大中型工业企业技术创新能力的影响[J].研究与发展管理,2006,6:59-65.
[160]孙文杰.FDI与本国企业技术创新的研究评述[J].现代管理科学,2007,9:41-42
[161]伦蕊.不同涉外经济活动影响工业技术创新能力的比较研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,1:66-72
[162]李杏.外商直接投资技术外溢效应研究[D].河海大学,2008.
[163]何洁、许罗丹.我国工业部门引进外商投资的技术外溢的实证研究[J].世界经济文汇,1999,2:16-21.
[164]江小娟.内资不能替代外资:在生产能力和资金都过剩时,为何还要利用外资[J].国际贸易,2000,3:4-8.
[165]江小娟.中国工业发展与对外经贸关系的研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1996.
[166]江小娟.中国的外资经济-对增长、结构升级和竞争力的贡献[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[167]秦晓钟.浅析外商对华直接投资技术外溢效应的特征[J].投资研究,1998,4:45-48.
[168]陈卓淳.FDI在中国的技术溢出效应研究[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[169]沈坤荣.外国直接投资与中国经济增长[J].管理世界1999,5:22-34.
[170]宋泓、柴瑜.三资企业与我国产业结构调整-对外贸易视角的实证分析[J].管理世界1999,6:66-76.
[171]王岳平.我国外商直接投资的两种市场导向类型分析[J].国际贸易问题,1999,2:1-7.
[172]李成刚.FDI对我国技术创新的溢出效应研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[173]李子奈.计量经济学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[174]李子奈,叶阿忠.高等计量经济学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[2]本文此处的方法,参考了南京信息工程大学周彩红的文章《基于协整与脉冲响应函数的FDI溢出效应分析——以长三角制造业为例》《科学决策》2010年6期
[5]朱彤我国汽车产业政策制定与实施中的三个认识问题《中国经贸导刊》2007,21:23-24
[6]刘世锦:政府管制不利中国汽车产业发展2009年06月03日15:42来源:经济参考报
[8]李安定:“保护伞”下焉有汽车强国2010年12月07日16:36来源:财经国家周刊
[9]来源:2011年03月10日人民日报
[10]见陈卓淳博士论文《FDI在中国的技术溢出效应研究》2007年
[12]资料来源:安徽日报
[14]资料源于:2011-1-20来源:东方早报《一汽-大众将推自主品牌首款概念车型曝光》
[15]资料源于:2011年01月28日网上车市金超《一汽大众“自主品牌”首款车为改款捷达》
[18]中央电视台财经频道2009-10-20报道
[19] K.Cheung.P.Lin Spillover effects of FDI on innovation in China: evidence from provincial data [J].China Economic Review, 2004(15):25-44,
[20] Hu A.Jefferson. FDI, impact of spillover: evidence from China’s electronic and textile industries [J]. World Economy, 2001,25 (8):1063-1076.
[21] Groshby Mark,Patents、innovation and growth [ J ]. Economic Record, 2000, 76: 255 - 262.
[1] Macdougall G.. the benefits and costs of private investment from abroad. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Stastics,1960,22:189-211
[2] Blomstr?m M., Kokko A.. Multinational Corporations and Spillovers. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1998,12:247-277
[3] Cohen W., Levinthal D..Absorptive Capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35:`128-152
[4] Mowery David C., Oxley Joanne E..Inward Technology Transfer and Competitiveness: the Role of National Innovation System, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19:67-93
[5] Kim W..Crisis construction and organizational learning: Capacity building in catching-up at Hyundai Motor. Organization Science,1998,9:506-521
[6] Zahra S. George G. Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. The Academy of Management review,2002,2:185-204
[7] Hymer S. The International Operations of National Firms:A Study of Direct Foreign Investment.Ph.D. Dissertation,MIT,1960
[8] Kindleberger C. American Business Abroad: Six Lectures on Direct Investment. New Haven. Yale University Press,1969
[9] Caves R..International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment.Economica,1971,38:1-27
[10] Buckley P., M. Casson. The Future of the Multinational Enterprises. London:Macmillan 1976.p.69.
[11] Rugman,A.M..Inside the Multinationals: the Economics of International Markets.London: Croom Helm, ,1981,p.28.
[12] Coase,R.H..The Nature of the Firm. Economics,1937,11: 386-405
[13] Vernon R.. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1966,80:190-207
[14] Kojima. On the Factor-Price Frontier in the Pure Theory of International Trade. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics,1978,18(2):62-75
[15] Dunning J.H.. International Production and Multinational enterprise. London: Allen and Unwin,1981:28
[16] Dunning, J.H..Explaining International Production. London:Unwin Hyman,1988
[17] Michael E.Porter.竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.
[18]陈明森.产业升级外向推动与利用外资战略调整[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.p116.
[19] Caves. Multinational firms, competition and productivity in host country markets.Economica,1974,(41):176-193
[20] Koizumi T., Kopecky K.. Economic growth, capital movements and the international transfer of technical knowledge. Journal of International Economics,1977,7:45-65
[21] Findlay R.. Relative Backwardness, Direct Foreign Investment and the Transfer of Technology: a Simple Dynamic Model, Quarterly Journal of Economics,1978,92:1-16
[22] Das S..Externalities and technology transfer through MNCs. Journal of international economics.1987,22:171-180
[23] Ari Kokko.Technology, market characteristics and spillovers, Journal of development economics.1994,43:279-293
[24] Colombo & Mosconi.Complementarity and Cumulative Learning Effects in the Early Discusion of Multiples Technologies,The Journal of Industrial Economics,1990,3(43):13-49
[25] G?rg H.,Strobl E..Multinational companies and productivity spillovers:a Meta-Analysis,The Economic Journal,2001,11: 723-739
[26] Lall, Sanjaya.Vertical interfirms linkages in LDCs: an empirical study,Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,1980,42:203-226 203-206
[27] Carlo Altomonte, Laura Resmini. Multinational Corporations as Catalyst for Industrial Development: The Case of Poland,William Davidson Institute Working Paper No.368,2001
[28] Markusen J.R.,A.J.Venables. Foreign Direct Investment as Catalyst for Industrial Development: The Challenge to Japan. European Economic Review, 1999,(43)2:335-356
[29] Smarzynska Javorcik,B..Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms? In search of spillovers through backward linkages. American Economic Review,2004,94(3):605-627
[30] Castellani D.,Zanfei A..Multinational Experience and the Creation of Linkages with local firms. Evidence from the Electronics Industry, Cambridge Journalof Economics, 2001.
[31] Wang J., Blomstr?m M.. Foreign investment and technology transfer: A simple model. European Economic Review, 1992, 36:137-155
[32] Sj?holm F.. Exports, imports and productivity: results from Indonesian establishment data. World Development, 1999,27(4):705-754
[33] Girma S.,Greenaway D.,Wakelin K..Who benefits from foreign direct investment in the UK? Scottish Journal of Political Economy,2001,48:119-133
[34] Imbriani C.& Reganati F..International Efficiency Spillovers into the Italian Manufacturing Sector-English Summary. Economia Internazionale,1997,50:583-595
[35] Ari Kokko,Tansini R.,Zejan M.. Local technological capability and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector,The Journal of Development studies,1996,32(4): 602-611
[36] Liu, Xiaming, Siler, Pamiler, Wang, Chengqi. And Wei, Yingqi. Productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment: evidence from UK industry level panel data,Journal of International Business Studies, 2000(31)3:407-425.
[37] Perez T..Multinational Enterprises and Technological Spillovers: an Evolutionary Model, Evolutionary Economics 1997,(7),2:169-192
[38] Dunning J.H., Cantwell J.A. , Corley, T.A.B..The theory of international production: some historical antecedents, chapter 2 in P. Hertner and G.G. Jones (eds.)1986, Multinationals: Theory and History, Brookfield, Vermont: Gower.
[39] Globerman S..Foreign Direct Investment and Spillover Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries. Canadian Journal of Economics,1979,12:42-56
[40] Ari Kokko.Productivity Spillovers from Competition between Local Firms and Foreign Affiliates. Journal of International Development,1996,8:517-530
[41]陈涛涛、范明曦、马文祥.对影响我国外商直接投资行业内溢出效应的因素的经验研究,[J]金融研究,2003,5:117-126
[42] Evans, Peter B..Dependent Development:The Alliances of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil, Princeton, New Jersey: Priceton University Press,1979
[43] Harrison A..Productivity, Imperfect competition and Trade Reform, Journal of International Economics, 1994,36:53-73
[44] Aitken B., Harrison A.. Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct ForeignInvestment, Evidence from Venezuela? American Economic Review, 1999, 89(3):605-618
[45] Banga R..Do Productivity Spillovers from Japanese and U.S.Differ? mimeo,Delhi school of Economics, 2003
[46] Javorcik、Beata Smarzynska、Kamal Saggi、Mariana Spatarenu:Does It Matter Where You Come From? Vertical Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment and the Nationality of Investors[M].world Bank Policy Research Working Per344,2004.
[47]孟亮,宣国良.不同来源FDI在华技术溢出效应实证研究[J].科研管理,2005,5:114-120
[48] Dimelis S.,Louri H.. Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity Analysis, DEOS Working Papers 127, Athens University of Economics and Business. 2001.
[49] Blomstr?m M., Sj?holm F.. Technology Transfer and Spillovers: Does Local Participation with Multinationals Matter. European Economic Review,1999,43:915-923
[50] Toth,I.,Andras Semjen.Market Links,Tax Environment and Financial Discipline of Hungarian Enterprises, Institute of Economics,Hungarian Academy of Sciences,Budapest, 1999
[51] Javorcik Beata Smarzynska:Does Foreign Direct Investment increases the Productivity of Domestic Firms ? In Search of Spillovers through Backward Linkages[J].American economic Review,2004(94).
[52] Narula R,A Marin.FDI Spillovers,Absorptive Capacities and Human CapitalDevelopment:Evidence from Argentina[Z].MERIT Research Memorandum series,2003-16.
[53] Driffield N,et al.Does the Motivation for Foreign Direct Investment Affect Productivity Spillovers to the Domestic Sector[Z].http://research.abs. aston.ac.uk/working_papers/0202. pdf,2002.
[54] Reuber G.L..Private Foreign Investment in Development,The Canadian Journal of Economics, 1975,8(4):631-633
[55] Nigel Driffield, James H. Love. Does the Motivation for Foreign Direct Investment Affect Productivity Spillovers to the Domestic Sector? University of Birmingham, Research Paper 2002, No.0202.
[56] S.E.Feinberg,S.K.Majumdar. Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in the Indian Pharmaceutical Indaustry, Journal of International Business Studies,2001(32),3:421-437
[57] Li Xiaoying, Xiaming Liu,David Parker. Foreign Direct Investment andProductivity Spillovers in the Chinese Manufacturing Sector. Economic Systems,2001,(25)4:305-321
[58] Buckley J., Peter, Clegg, Jeremy and Chengqi Wang . The Impacts of FDI on the Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms,Journal of International Business Studies, 2002(33),4:637-655.
[59] Olofsdotter K.Foreign Direct Investment, Country Capabilities and Economic Growth. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 1998,134,3
[60] Henley J.C.,G.Wilde. Foreign direct investment in China: recent trends and current policy issues, The World Economy, 1999,(22)2:233-243
[61] Stern Nicholas.Public Policy and the Economics of Development, European Economic Review, 1991,35:241-271
[62] Tortensson J..Property Right and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study, Kyklos, 1994,2:231-247
[63] Mauro P..Corruption and Growth,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1995,110:681-712
[64] Alfaro et.al. FDI and Economic Growth:The Role of Local Markets,OECD Working Paper, 2000.
[65]何洁.外国直接投资对中国工业部门外溢效应的进一步精确量化[J].世界经济, 2000, 12:29-36.
[66] Moran, Theodore H..Foreign Direct Investment and Development, Washington,DC: Institute for International Economics,1998
[67] Grossman G.,Helpman E.. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA, MIT press,1991
[68] Holmes J.,Schmitz A..Competition at Work: Railroads vs. Monopoly in the US Shipping Industry. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review,2001,25(2):3-29
[69]张建华、欧阳轶雯.外商直接投资、技术外溢与经济增长—对广东数据的实证分析[J].经济学(季刊),2003(2),3:647-666
[70] Nelson R.,Phelps E..Investment in humans,technological diffusion, and economic growth. American Economic Review, 1966(56),2:69-76
[71] Borensztein E.,Gregorio J.,Lee J-W..How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 1998,45:115-135
[72] Xu B..Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host countryproductivity growth. Journal of Development Economics,2000,62:477-493
[73]沈坤荣、耿强.外商直接投资、技术外溢与内生经济增长—中国数据的计量检验与实证分析[J].中国社会科学,2001,5:82-93
[74] Barry F.,G?rg H.,Strobl E. et al..Foreign Direct Investment and Wages in Domestic Firms: Productivity Spillovers vs. Labour-Market Crowding Out,2001
[75]熊彼特经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆1990年版
[76]亨利·切萨布鲁夫(Henry Chesbrough).开放创新的新范式[M].北京:科学出版社2010.
[77] Ron Adner. Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem [J]. Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4): 98-107.
[78]埃里克·冯·希贝尔(Eric von Hippel).创新民主化(Democratizing Innovation)[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2007.
[79] Mariano Nietoa, Pilar Quevedo. Absorptive capacity, technological opportunity, Knowledge spillovers, and innovative. Technovation, 2005,25:1141-1157
[80]范黎波.跨国公司技术转移与中国企业学习战略研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学博士论文2004.
[81] Samli,Coskun.Technology Transfer:geographic economics cultural and technical dimensions,Quorum books,1985, 8-14
[82]王林涵.外商直接投资(FDI)与我国自主创新能力的形成[D].天津师范大学2006,4.
[83]王红领李稻葵冯俊新.以竞争推动民族企业的自主创新[J].科学决策2006,2:40
[84] Hu A.,Jefferson G..FDI, Technology Innovation and Spillover: Evidence from Large and Medium Size Chinese Enterprises, Mimeo, Brandeis University, 2001
[85]陈柳、刘志彪.本土创新能力、FDI技术外溢与经济增长[J].南开经济研究2006,3:90-101
[86]马天毅,马野青和张二震.外商直接投资与我国技术创新能力[J].世界经济研究,2006,7:4-8
[87]赵英.外商直接投资对我国汽车工业的影响[J].中国工业经济2000,1:57-62
[88]张雪倩.跨国公司在中国的技术溢出效应分析:以汽车工业为例[J].世界经济研究2003,4:25-30
[89]吴定玉、张治觉.外商直接投资与中国汽车行业市场集中度:实证研究[J].世界经济研究2004,4:53-59
[90]尹永威跨国公司在华汽车产业投资的技术溢出效应分析[D]山东大学,2006
[91]赵增耀王喜.产业竞争力、企业技术能力与外资的溢出效应—基于我国汽车产业吸收能力的实证分析[J].管理世界,2007,12:58-66.
[92]孟秀惠.FDI对中国汽车产业竞争力的驱动作用研究[J].技术经济2007,10:29-34,97
[93]赵晶.基于CGE模型的FDI溢出效应对我国汽车产业影响研究[D];湖南大学,2008.
[94]王梓薇刘铁忠.中国汽车整车制造业FDI挤入挤出效应研究—基于产业安全视角的实证分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)2009,2:6-9.
[95] Agosin M.R.,Mayer R..Foreign Investment in Developing Countries: Does it Crowd in Domestic Investment,UNCTAD Discussion Paper,2000,146.
[96]胡小娟,温立强. FDI对中国汽车产业内资企业溢出效应的实证研究[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版)2009,(23)5:59-63
[97]高铁梅等.计量经济学分析方法与建模Eviews应用及实例(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[98] C.A.Sims.Macroeconomics and Reality, Econometrica, 1980,48:1-48
[99] Andrew Levin and Lakshmi K. Raut .Complementarities between Exports and Human Capital in Economic Growth: Evidence from the Semi-industrialized Countries, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1997,46:155–174
[100] Wolfgang Keller. International Techology Diffusion Journal of Economic
[101]包群,赖明勇、阳小晓.外商直接投资、吸收能力与经济增长[M].上海:三联书店2006,60-62
[102] Engle Robert F.,C.W.J.Granger. Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation,Estimation, and Testing, Econimetrica, 1987,55:251-276
[103] H.Theil, A.L.Nagar. Testing the Independence of Regression Disturbances Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1961(56)No.296:793-806
[104]陈羽.市场竞争与外商直接投资技术转移----来自中国制造业的证据[J].财经研究2005,10:64-76,136
[105] Kim, Linsu. Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of a Korea’s Technological Learning[M]. Harvard Business School Press. 1997
[106] Barro R.,Sala-I-Martin X..Economic Growth. New York:McGraw Hill,1995
[107] Girma S.,G?rg H..Foreign direct investment, spillovers and absorptive capacity: Evidence from quantile regressions. Globalization, Productivity and Technology Program research paper, University of Nottingham, 2002,14
[108]严兵.“以竞争换技术”战略与外资溢出效应----基于我国工业部门相关数据的分析[J].财贸经济,2005,1:18-22.
[109] Feder G.. On Export and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 1982,12:59-73
[110]冷民.从台湾微电子产业的发展看利用外资与提高自主创新能力的关系[J].中国科技论坛2005,3:77-81
[111] Griliches Z..Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth, Bell Journal of Economics,1979,(10)1:92-116
[112] Jaffe A.B..Real Effects of Academic Research, American Economic Review, 1989,(79)5:957-970
[113]李强,韩伯棠,李晓轩.知识生产函数研究与实践述评[J].经济问题探索2006,1:24-27
[114]张晓峒赵初晓.小样本DW统计量的分布特征[J].南开经济研究2010,3:40-43
[115]唐绍祥,张云华,周新苗编著.FDI技术溢出效应研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[116]杨捷李永宋健编著.汽车技术经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2009.
[117]赵果庆著.基于FDI集聚的中国产业竞争力研究[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2009.
[118]任燕燕著.平行数据模型及其在经济分析中的应用[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006.
[119]张晓峒主编.计量经济学基础[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2001.
[120]苏惠香著.网络经济技术创新与扩散效应研究[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2008.
[121]《中国汽车工业年鉴1992-2009》[M].北京:中国汽车工业年鉴编辑部出版社,1992-2009年
[122]陈佳琪著.技术联盟创新论—中外汽车工业联盟创新的理论与实践[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[123]孟嗣宗编著.创新—中国汽车工业之魂[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007.
[124]许永兵著.消费行为与经济增长以中国城镇居民为例的实证研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[125]罗勇著.产业集聚、经济增长与区域差距[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[126]范从来沈坤荣郑江淮等著.转型中的经济结构变迁与经济增长[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005.
[127]谢伟著.中国消费电子业的崛起[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2004.
[128]严兵.国外FDI溢出效应研究综述[J].当代经济,2005,4:100-103.
[129]廖文龙. FDI技术外溢在我国的研究与发展[J].商场现代化,2009,1:173-174.
[130]陈洁沈健祁婷.汽车产业缩小内外资区域技术差距的必要性和对策研究—从FDI产业内溢出效应的角度[J].商场现代化,2008,7:358.
[131]汽车蓝皮书中国汽车产业发展报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[132]张娟.跨国公司对我国汽车产业技术转移模式分析[J].汽车工业研究,2005,6:12-14.
[133]王云生.基于VAR模型的人民币汇率波动对浙江企业盈利的影响[J].工业技术经济,2010,4:101-103.
[134]翁非.石油价格冲击与中国经济增长基于三变量VAR模型的研究[J].统计观察,2006,6:84-86.
[135]黄静.影响FDI技术外溢效果的因素分析—基于吸收能力的研究[J].世界经济研究,2006,8:60-66.
[136]严兵.外商在华直接投资的行业间溢出效应—基于我国工业部门相关数据的初步分析[J].亚太经济,2006,1:90-93.
[137]关健周文娇.基于吸收能力的知识市场交易模型构建[J].情报杂志,2010,10:118-121,63.
[138]万金城查贵勇.在华不同来源地FDI溢出效应比较[J].江苏商论,2007,9:77-79.
[139]张宇. FDI技术外溢的地区差异与吸收能力的门限特征—基于中国省际面板数据的门限回归分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008,1:28-39.
[140]杨俊仙. FDI的技术溢出效应及其影响因素分析—以山西为例[J].经济问题,2008,8:121-123.
[141]张兰霞王静杨海君.沈阳装备制造业外商直接投资技术溢出效应实证研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,6:909-912.
[142]黄凌云徐磊陈明强.中国进口贸易技术溢出效应的实证分析[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2010,16,1:53-58.
[143]钟娟张庆亮.金融市场发展对中国FDI技术溢出效应的影响及其门槛效应检验[J].江苏商论,2010,5:98-104.
[144]姜瑾. FDI技术溢出效应影响因素研究的理论假设与经验证据[J].外国经济与管理,2007,1:60-65.
[145]吴晓波黄娟.技术体制对FDI溢出效应的影响:基于中国制造业的计量分析[J].科研管理,2007,9:18-24,51.
[146]严兵.“以竞争换技术”战略与外资溢出效应—基于我国工业部门相关数据的分析[J].财贸经济,2005,1:18-22.
[147]明勇包群彭水军张新.外商直接投资与技术外溢:基于吸收能力的研究[J].经济研究,2005,8:95-105.
[148]邓路. FDI溢出效应与自主技术创新效率:一个高技术产业特征的视角[J].财经论丛,2010,1:12-18.
[149]贾美娟陈守明.政府科技资助对企业自身科技投入的效应分析[J].上海管理科学,2008,5:70-74.
[150]李玉梅桑百川. FDI推动自主创新:理论框架与对策[J].国际经济合作,2010,4:40-44.
[151]滕玉华.自主研发、技术引进与能源强度[J].产业经济研究,2009,5:1-6.
[152]苏方林.省域R&D知识溢出的GWR实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,2:145-153.
[153]魏彦莉傅利平. FDI与技术创新理论的结合研究综述[J].科技管理研究,2009,5:33-34,39.
[154]朱平芳徐伟民.政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响—上海市的实证研究[J].经济研究,2003,6:45-53.
[155]吴玉鸣何建坤.研究型大学研发与首都区域专利产出的动态计量经济分析[J].科研管理,2007,3:93-98.
[156]周彩红.基于协整与脉冲响应函数的FDI溢出效应分析—以长三角制造业为例[J].科学决策,2010,6:48-57,94.
[157]卢勇.西方FDI理论评述及其借鉴意义[J].商业时代,2010,24:39-40,54.
[158]刘兆明,陈晓玲.FDI技术溢出对我国本土创新能力的影响分析[J].山东工商学院学报,2007,06 :70-74.
[159]侯润秀,官建成.FDI对我国大中型工业企业技术创新能力的影响[J].研究与发展管理,2006,6:59-65.
[160]孙文杰.FDI与本国企业技术创新的研究评述[J].现代管理科学,2007,9:41-42
[161]伦蕊.不同涉外经济活动影响工业技术创新能力的比较研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,1:66-72
[162]李杏.外商直接投资技术外溢效应研究[D].河海大学,2008.
[163]何洁、许罗丹.我国工业部门引进外商投资的技术外溢的实证研究[J].世界经济文汇,1999,2:16-21.
[164]江小娟.内资不能替代外资:在生产能力和资金都过剩时,为何还要利用外资[J].国际贸易,2000,3:4-8.
[165]江小娟.中国工业发展与对外经贸关系的研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1996.
[166]江小娟.中国的外资经济-对增长、结构升级和竞争力的贡献[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[167]秦晓钟.浅析外商对华直接投资技术外溢效应的特征[J].投资研究,1998,4:45-48.
[168]陈卓淳.FDI在中国的技术溢出效应研究[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[169]沈坤荣.外国直接投资与中国经济增长[J].管理世界1999,5:22-34.
[170]宋泓、柴瑜.三资企业与我国产业结构调整-对外贸易视角的实证分析[J].管理世界1999,6:66-76.
[171]王岳平.我国外商直接投资的两种市场导向类型分析[J].国际贸易问题,1999,2:1-7.
[172]李成刚.FDI对我国技术创新的溢出效应研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[173]李子奈.计量经济学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[174]李子奈,叶阿忠.高等计量经济学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.