宁东地区侏罗系直罗组沉积特征及其水文地质意义
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国第二大盆地,也是集煤、石油、天然气三大能源于一体的最大含能源盆地。宁东地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西部边缘,中生代含煤地层为延安组,其上覆地层直罗组砂体发育,厚层砂岩为地下水提供了良好的储集空间。研究直罗组砂岩含水层的特征及富水情况对延安组上组煤的安全开采具有重要的意义。
论文在系统搜集野外露头、钻井岩心、钻孔测井资料的基础上,运用沉积学与高分辨率层序地层学的理论和方法,对宁东地区直罗组沉积特征进行了系统的分析,划分沉积体系、识别沉积相,建立了高分辨率层序地层格架,在层序地层格架内探讨直罗组砂体的空间展布规律。主要取得了以下认识：
1.将研究区直罗组垂向沉积序列自下而上划分为三段,分别发育辫状河-辫状河三角洲-曲流河和滨浅湖沉积,并进行了沉积相、亚相和微相的划分。
2.运用高分辨率层序地层学的基准面旋回原理,将研究区中侏罗统直罗组划分为一个Ⅱ级层序,三个Ⅲ级层序,十个Ⅳ级层序,分别对应于一个超长期旋回(SLSC1),三个长期旋回(LSC2-LSC3)和十个中期旋回(MSC1-MSC10),建立了直罗组层序地层格架。
3.在高分辨率层序地层格架下进行沉积相展布研究,认为研究区沉积相依次经历了辫状河相-辫状河三角洲相-曲流河相和滨浅湖相的演化,反映直罗期鄂尔多斯盆地西部边缘经历下降与抬升的构造旋回。另外,直罗组沉积时,研究区地势大体呈现西高东低、北高南低的趋势,物源主要来自地势较高的西北部和西部边缘。沉积相呈南北向展布,以砂质河道、砂坝和粉砂-泥质河漫为主,其中砂质河道和砂坝形成的厚层砂体为地下水的储集和发育提供了良好的条件。
4.根据砂体分布特征将研究区直罗组砂岩含水层富水性划分为强、中、弱三个等级,并进行了分区。
Ordos Basin is the second largest basin in our country, and the largest basin contains three energy sources of petroleum, gas and coal. The east of Ning Xia Province is located in the western edge of Ordos Basin. Yan'an Formation is the Mesozoic coal-bearing strata in Jurassic in this area, and its overlying strata is Zhiluo Formation, which develops many sand bodies. The thick sand layers provide good storage spaces for groundwater. In order to mine the upper group coal of Yan'an Formation safely, it is of great significance to ascertain the characteristics and the water-rich situation of the sandstone-aquifer in Zhiluo Formation.
By utilizing the principle and method of the sedimentology and the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, fully collecting field outcrops and drilling and logging information, this paper systematically analyzes sedimentary characteristics of Zhiluo Formation in the east of Ning Xia Province and has divided the sedimentary system and identified the sedimentary facies in the study area, analyzed the Zhiluo Formation by the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, established the sequence stratus frame, and has studied the sand body spreading regularity in this sequence stratus frame.The conclusion contains the follows:
1. The vertical sedimentary sequence for Zhiluo Formation in the study area can be divided into braided river sedimentary system, braided river delta sedimentary system, meandering river sedimentary system and shore-shallow lacustrine sedimentary system in ascending order. This paper has identified the sedimentary facies、subfacies and microfacies in the study area.
2. Based on principle and methods for base level cycle of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the study area is divided into aⅡlevel sequence (SLSC1), threeⅢlevel sequences and tenⅣlevel sequences, respectively corresponding to a super long-term base-level cyclic sequence (SLSC1), three long-term base-level cyclic sequences (LSC1-LSC3) and ten mid-term base-level cyclic sequences(MSC1-MSC10), and has established the sequence stratus frame.
3. This paper studies the sedimentary facies spreading regularity of Zhiluo Formation for the study area in the high-resolution sequence stratus frame, making the conclution that Zhiluo Formation sedimentary facies of the study area developed braided river facies-braided river delta facies-meandering river facies and shore-shallow lacustrine facies successively, reflecting that the western edge of Ordos Basin experienced tectonic cycle, which includes the tectonic decline and tectonic uplift.Furthermore, it is studied that the study area terrain roughly presents higher in the west and lower in the east, higher in the north and lower in the south, the sediment sources of Zhiluo Formation comes mainly from the northwestern and western edge on the higher topography,in the study area the sedimentary facies are distributed in N-S direction, mainly including sandy river skeleton, sand dam and silty sand-shale river alluvial flat, and the thick sand layers, formed by the sandy river and sand dam, provide good conditions for groundwater reservoir and development.
4. According to the distribution characteristics of sand bodies, the sandstone aquifer water-rich capability of Zhiluo Formation in the study area is divided into three types: strong, middle or weak level, and districts.
论文在系统搜集野外露头、钻井岩心、钻孔测井资料的基础上,运用沉积学与高分辨率层序地层学的理论和方法,对宁东地区直罗组沉积特征进行了系统的分析,划分沉积体系、识别沉积相,建立了高分辨率层序地层格架,在层序地层格架内探讨直罗组砂体的空间展布规律。主要取得了以下认识：
1.将研究区直罗组垂向沉积序列自下而上划分为三段,分别发育辫状河-辫状河三角洲-曲流河和滨浅湖沉积,并进行了沉积相、亚相和微相的划分。
2.运用高分辨率层序地层学的基准面旋回原理,将研究区中侏罗统直罗组划分为一个Ⅱ级层序,三个Ⅲ级层序,十个Ⅳ级层序,分别对应于一个超长期旋回(SLSC1),三个长期旋回(LSC2-LSC3)和十个中期旋回(MSC1-MSC10),建立了直罗组层序地层格架。
3.在高分辨率层序地层格架下进行沉积相展布研究,认为研究区沉积相依次经历了辫状河相-辫状河三角洲相-曲流河相和滨浅湖相的演化,反映直罗期鄂尔多斯盆地西部边缘经历下降与抬升的构造旋回。另外,直罗组沉积时,研究区地势大体呈现西高东低、北高南低的趋势,物源主要来自地势较高的西北部和西部边缘。沉积相呈南北向展布,以砂质河道、砂坝和粉砂-泥质河漫为主,其中砂质河道和砂坝形成的厚层砂体为地下水的储集和发育提供了良好的条件。
4.根据砂体分布特征将研究区直罗组砂岩含水层富水性划分为强、中、弱三个等级,并进行了分区。
Ordos Basin is the second largest basin in our country, and the largest basin contains three energy sources of petroleum, gas and coal. The east of Ning Xia Province is located in the western edge of Ordos Basin. Yan'an Formation is the Mesozoic coal-bearing strata in Jurassic in this area, and its overlying strata is Zhiluo Formation, which develops many sand bodies. The thick sand layers provide good storage spaces for groundwater. In order to mine the upper group coal of Yan'an Formation safely, it is of great significance to ascertain the characteristics and the water-rich situation of the sandstone-aquifer in Zhiluo Formation.
By utilizing the principle and method of the sedimentology and the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, fully collecting field outcrops and drilling and logging information, this paper systematically analyzes sedimentary characteristics of Zhiluo Formation in the east of Ning Xia Province and has divided the sedimentary system and identified the sedimentary facies in the study area, analyzed the Zhiluo Formation by the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, established the sequence stratus frame, and has studied the sand body spreading regularity in this sequence stratus frame.The conclusion contains the follows:
1. The vertical sedimentary sequence for Zhiluo Formation in the study area can be divided into braided river sedimentary system, braided river delta sedimentary system, meandering river sedimentary system and shore-shallow lacustrine sedimentary system in ascending order. This paper has identified the sedimentary facies、subfacies and microfacies in the study area.
2. Based on principle and methods for base level cycle of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the study area is divided into aⅡlevel sequence (SLSC1), threeⅢlevel sequences and tenⅣlevel sequences, respectively corresponding to a super long-term base-level cyclic sequence (SLSC1), three long-term base-level cyclic sequences (LSC1-LSC3) and ten mid-term base-level cyclic sequences(MSC1-MSC10), and has established the sequence stratus frame.
3. This paper studies the sedimentary facies spreading regularity of Zhiluo Formation for the study area in the high-resolution sequence stratus frame, making the conclution that Zhiluo Formation sedimentary facies of the study area developed braided river facies-braided river delta facies-meandering river facies and shore-shallow lacustrine facies successively, reflecting that the western edge of Ordos Basin experienced tectonic cycle, which includes the tectonic decline and tectonic uplift.Furthermore, it is studied that the study area terrain roughly presents higher in the west and lower in the east, higher in the north and lower in the south, the sediment sources of Zhiluo Formation comes mainly from the northwestern and western edge on the higher topography,in the study area the sedimentary facies are distributed in N-S direction, mainly including sandy river skeleton, sand dam and silty sand-shale river alluvial flat, and the thick sand layers, formed by the sandy river and sand dam, provide good conditions for groundwater reservoir and development.
4. According to the distribution characteristics of sand bodies, the sandstone aquifer water-rich capability of Zhiluo Formation in the study area is divided into three types: strong, middle or weak level, and districts.
引文
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