落叶松结构用集成材胶合工艺技术的研究
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摘要
研究开发结构用集成材是实现木材高效利用的一种非常有效的手段,对木材工业的发展具有重要推动作用。
本论文对常温固化型胶粘剂间苯二酚PRF和高分子异氰酸酯API落叶松集成材的胶合工艺技术进行了研究。
采用正交试验法考察了压力、涂胶量以及加压时间三个因子对集成材剪切强度、木破率和剥离率的影响,并且确定了最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明:间苯二酚和异氰酸酯胶粘剂集成材的顺纹剪切强度均可以达到GB/T 50329-2002的要求,剪切强度和木破率的关系满足ISO/DIS 12578的要求。根据JAS1152号和ISO/DIS 12580标准对两种胶粘剂集成材进行浸渍剥离、煮沸剥离和减压加压剥离试验,试验结果表明,PRF和API落叶松集成材的剥离率完全可以满足使用环境3和使用环境2的要求。按照EN301和JAS1152的要求,将间苯二酚胶粘剂划归为Ⅰ类胶粘剂,将异氰酸酯胶粘剂划归为Ⅱ类胶粘剂。对于间苯二酚胶粘剂集成材的胶合性能,加压时间的影响最显著;对于高分子异氰酸酯胶粘剂集成材的胶合性能,涂胶量的影响作为显著。作者还对PRF和API两种胶粘剂落叶松结构用集成材的各胶合性能指标:剪切强度、木破率和剥离率进行了对比研究,结果表明:前者优于后者。
初步研究分析PRF和API胶粘剂和木材的界面胶合机理。借助接触角测定仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了胶粘剂在木材表面的润湿和渗透情况,分别从机械结合理论和化学键理论角度对其进行了分析与解释。
The research and development of structural glulam plays an important role for the efficient utilization of wood and sustainable development of wood industry.
This paper focuses on the research of bonding technology of Chinese Larch Glulam (glued-laminated timber) with Phenol resorcinol formaldehyde(PRF) and Aqueous polymer Isocyanate(API)adhesives.
Orthogonal Experimental Method.is adopted to study the effect of pressure, glue spread and pressing time on the shear strength parallel to grain, Wood Failure Percentage(WFP)and delamination. The results indicate that shear strength of the two adhesives could meet the requirements of GB/T 50329-2002, and the relationship of shear strength and WFP meet that of ISO/DIS 12578. Water soak, water boiling and Vacuum-Pressure delamination testing methods are conducted according to JAS1152 and ISO/DIS 12580. It shows that PRF and API should be used for service class 3 as typeⅠand for service class 2 as typeⅡadhesive respectively based on EN301 and JAS1152 standard. Besides, pressing time and glue spread are the most influential factor respectively on the bonding property of PRF and API adhesives with Larch Glulam. Comparison analysis is made between PRF and API adhesives structural glulam regarding bonding properties in terms of shear strength, wood failure percentage and delamination. It indicates that PRF is superior to API.
The bonding mechanism:of the two adhesives with Larch Glulam are analyzed by means of contact angle and Scanning Electron microscope to learn the wettablility and penetrability property of adhesives on wood surfaces, and explanation is given in terms of mechanic combination theory and chemical bond theory.
本论文对常温固化型胶粘剂间苯二酚PRF和高分子异氰酸酯API落叶松集成材的胶合工艺技术进行了研究。
采用正交试验法考察了压力、涂胶量以及加压时间三个因子对集成材剪切强度、木破率和剥离率的影响,并且确定了最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明:间苯二酚和异氰酸酯胶粘剂集成材的顺纹剪切强度均可以达到GB/T 50329-2002的要求,剪切强度和木破率的关系满足ISO/DIS 12578的要求。根据JAS1152号和ISO/DIS 12580标准对两种胶粘剂集成材进行浸渍剥离、煮沸剥离和减压加压剥离试验,试验结果表明,PRF和API落叶松集成材的剥离率完全可以满足使用环境3和使用环境2的要求。按照EN301和JAS1152的要求,将间苯二酚胶粘剂划归为Ⅰ类胶粘剂,将异氰酸酯胶粘剂划归为Ⅱ类胶粘剂。对于间苯二酚胶粘剂集成材的胶合性能,加压时间的影响最显著;对于高分子异氰酸酯胶粘剂集成材的胶合性能,涂胶量的影响作为显著。作者还对PRF和API两种胶粘剂落叶松结构用集成材的各胶合性能指标:剪切强度、木破率和剥离率进行了对比研究,结果表明:前者优于后者。
初步研究分析PRF和API胶粘剂和木材的界面胶合机理。借助接触角测定仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了胶粘剂在木材表面的润湿和渗透情况,分别从机械结合理论和化学键理论角度对其进行了分析与解释。
The research and development of structural glulam plays an important role for the efficient utilization of wood and sustainable development of wood industry.
This paper focuses on the research of bonding technology of Chinese Larch Glulam (glued-laminated timber) with Phenol resorcinol formaldehyde(PRF) and Aqueous polymer Isocyanate(API)adhesives.
Orthogonal Experimental Method.is adopted to study the effect of pressure, glue spread and pressing time on the shear strength parallel to grain, Wood Failure Percentage(WFP)and delamination. The results indicate that shear strength of the two adhesives could meet the requirements of GB/T 50329-2002, and the relationship of shear strength and WFP meet that of ISO/DIS 12578. Water soak, water boiling and Vacuum-Pressure delamination testing methods are conducted according to JAS1152 and ISO/DIS 12580. It shows that PRF and API should be used for service class 3 as typeⅠand for service class 2 as typeⅡadhesive respectively based on EN301 and JAS1152 standard. Besides, pressing time and glue spread are the most influential factor respectively on the bonding property of PRF and API adhesives with Larch Glulam. Comparison analysis is made between PRF and API adhesives structural glulam regarding bonding properties in terms of shear strength, wood failure percentage and delamination. It indicates that PRF is superior to API.
The bonding mechanism:of the two adhesives with Larch Glulam are analyzed by means of contact angle and Scanning Electron microscope to learn the wettablility and penetrability property of adhesives on wood surfaces, and explanation is given in terms of mechanic combination theory and chemical bond theory.
引文
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[2] 陈道义,张军营.合成胶粘剂丛书(第二册)胶接基本原理[M].科学出版社,1992
[3] 陈根座.胶粘剂应用手册[M].电子工业出版社,1994,16-17
[4] 成俊卿.木材学[M].中国林业出版社,1985
[5] 程瑞香,顾继友.落叶松、桦木和柞木集成材胶合性能的研究[J].木材加工机械,2003,14(2):1-4
[6] 戴澄月.长白落叶松与日本落叶松人工林木材物理力学性质试验研究[J].辽宁林业科学,1988,(3):58-61
[7] 段新芳.木材表面涂饰性的研究[P].东北林业大学博士论文,1996, 9-10
[8] 范宏,陈成意.木结构房屋的发展状况和问题. 青岛建筑工程学院学,2004,25(3):29-32
[9] 费本华,王戈,任海青,余雁. 我国发展木结构房屋的前景分析[J]. 木材工业,2002,16(5):6-9
[10] 顾继友等.胶粘剂与涂料[M],中国林业出版社,1999
[11] 郭孟蛟,关仲翔.溶剂型单组分聚氨酯胶粘[J].粘接,1996,7(1):5
[12] 郝金城.集成材制造技术[M],东北林业大学出版社. 2000
[13] 郝金城,王世鑫,李金杰.胶合木层板配置与其强度性能[J].林业科技,1997, 22(1):38-39转60
[14] 黄国民.集成材的特性及用途[J].林产工业,1994, 21(6): 18-19
[15] 黄玉东.聚合物表面与界面技术[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[16] 李坚主编.木质材料的界面特性与无胶胶合技术[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1989
[17] 李琳,张妍,徐煜.落叶松集成材耐候试验分析[J].林业机械与木工设备,2003.05
[18] 李民栋,纪文兰.兴安落叶松化学组成的研究[J].中国造纸,1994,13(1):58-60
[19] 李玉栋.木材的虫害及其预防和控制[J].人造板通讯,2002, 5:15-17
[20] 林利民,刘文华,关崇贵.落叶松材性及胶合板生产[J].建筑人造板,1999, 3:23-25
[21] 陆文达编著.落叶松资源及其利用[M].东北林业大学出版社,1993.
[22] 陆熙娴,黄洛华.人工林和天然林长白山落叶松幼龄材与成熟材化学组成与化学性质比较的研究[J].世界林业研究,1994,7:29-107
[23] 罗文士等.间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂的研制与在胶合木梁上的应用[J].木材工业,1990,4(3):14-19
[24] 孟令辉,邢玉清, 张宝山. 集成材用胶粘剂的研制[J]. 化学与粘合,1996.03
[25] 冉全印,叶素,叶伯蕙.水基聚氨酯胶粘剂在集成材生产中的应用[J].林产工业,1997,04
[26] 申士杰,王丽宇.我国开发落叶松工程木制材料的前景分析[J].国际木业,2002,32(12):12-16
[27] 沈陈炎,杨光明,张鹏,苏锦艳.集成材用单组分湿固化聚氨酯胶粘剂的研制[J].聚氨酯工业,2004.03
[28] 沈贵.中国木材工业的历史性转变[J].林产工业,2004,31(1):3-6
[29] 沈钟,王果庭.胶体与表面化学[M].化学工业出版,1991
[29] 唐星华.木材用胶粘剂[M].化学工业出版社,2002
[30] 刑其毅,徐秋,周政编.基础有机化学[M].高等教育出版社,1987:762.
[31] 赵喜龙,傅峰,张海升.人工林杨树胶合工艺及不同纹理方向胶合性能研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004.02
[32] 中国人民共和国国家标准《木结构设计规范》 (GB 50005-2005)
[33] 中国人民共和国国家标准《木结构试验方法标准》(GB/T50329-2002)
[34] ANSI/A190.1. American National Standard for Wood Products----Structural Glued laminated Timber, American National Institute, New York, 1992
[35] ASTM D905. Standard test method for strength properties of adhesive bonds in shear by compression loading.
[36] ASTM D2559, Adhesives for Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions.
[37] ASTM D3737, Standard Practice for Establishing Stresses for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
[38] BalI, G.W., R.P Redmand, A.D.Adams. Emulsifiable isocyanate: Universal binder for articleboard free of formaldehyde. wood,1979 ; 20(2) : 18-20
[39] Brady and Kamke. Effects of hot-pressing parameters on resin penetration. Forest Prod. J
[40] Christian Nedomlel. World Gluelam Production. Powerpoint report in Beijing Forestry University,2007.
[41] Chung-Yun Hse,Mon-lin Kuo. Influence of extractives on wood gluing and finishing,. Forest Prod. J. ,1988, 38(1),52-56
[42] Collett B. M. A review of surface and interfacial adhesion in wood science and related fields. Wood Sci.Technol.,1972,6: 1-42
[43] EN 1194:1999,Timber structures–Glued laminated timber – Strength classes and determination of characteristic values
[44] EN 301, Adhesives for load bearing timber structures – Phenolic and aminoplastic – Classification and performance requirements
[45] EN 384, Structural timber – Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density.
[46] EN 386, Glued laminated timber – Performance requirements and minimum product requirements.
[47] EN 390, Glued laminated timber – Sizes – Permissible deviations.
[48] EN 391, Glued laminated timber – Delamination test of glue lines.
[49] EN 392, Glued laminated timber – Shear test of glue lines.
[50] EN 408, Timber structures – Structural and glued laminated timber – Determination of some physical and mechanical properties.
[51] F.F.P.科尔曼.木材学与木材工艺学原理,人造板.北京:中国林业出版社,1984. 3
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[54] ISO/CD 10983, Timber structures – Solid timber finger jointing – Production requirements.
[55] ISO/DIS 12578. Structural timber – Glued laminated timber- Performance requirements and minimum production requirements
[56] ISO/CD 12579. Structural timber – Glued laminated timber – Glue line shear test.
[57] ISO/CD 12580. Structural timber – Glued laminated timber – Delamination test of glue lines.
[58] ISO/CD 13912, Structural timber – Grading – Requirements for machine graded timber.
[59] ISO/CD 8375, Timber Structures - Glued Laminated Timber - Test Methods: Determination of Physical and Mechanical Properties.
[60] ISO/CD 9709, Structural timber – Grading – Requirements for visually graded timber.
[61] ISO/TC 165 N337,Timber structures – Bond performance of adhesives – basic requirements.
[62] J.D. Wellons, Wetabolity and gluability of Douglas-fir veneer. For.Prod. J.1980,30(7):53～55
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[64] J.E.Marian,D.A.Stumbo, Physico-chemical surface phenomena and the therdynamic approach to adhesion. Holzforschung,l962,16(6):168～180
[65] Jordan, D.L,J.D.Wellons,Wetability of Dipterocarpveneers. Wood Science. 1977, 10(1): 22～27
[66] K.L.密特等.粘接表面处理技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[67] Martin Scheikl and Manfred Dunky, Measurement of dynamic and static contact angles on wood for the determination of its surface tension and the penetration of liquids into the wood surface. Holzforschung,1998,52(1):89～94
[68] Milan Sernek,Joze Resnik .Penetration of liquid urea-formaldehyde adhesive into Beech wood .Wood and Fiber Science, 1999, 31(1);41-48
[69] Paul R.Steiner, Suezone Chow, Steven Vadja .Interaction of polyisocyanate adhesive with wood. For. Prod.J.,1980;30(7):21一27
[70] prEN 14080, Timber structures - Glued laminated timber - Requirements
[71] Sven Thelandersson, Hans J. Larsen. Timber Engineering, 2002, Part One, Chapter 6.
[72] [日]JAS标准《构造用集成材的日本农林规格》,农林水产省告示第1192号(2007年). 日本农林规格协会编
[73] [日] Stefan等.构造用集成材用异氰酸酯胶粘剂在日本的应用情况[J].日本:木材工业,2007,7:310.
[2] 陈道义,张军营.合成胶粘剂丛书(第二册)胶接基本原理[M].科学出版社,1992
[3] 陈根座.胶粘剂应用手册[M].电子工业出版社,1994,16-17
[4] 成俊卿.木材学[M].中国林业出版社,1985
[5] 程瑞香,顾继友.落叶松、桦木和柞木集成材胶合性能的研究[J].木材加工机械,2003,14(2):1-4
[6] 戴澄月.长白落叶松与日本落叶松人工林木材物理力学性质试验研究[J].辽宁林业科学,1988,(3):58-61
[7] 段新芳.木材表面涂饰性的研究[P].东北林业大学博士论文,1996, 9-10
[8] 范宏,陈成意.木结构房屋的发展状况和问题. 青岛建筑工程学院学,2004,25(3):29-32
[9] 费本华,王戈,任海青,余雁. 我国发展木结构房屋的前景分析[J]. 木材工业,2002,16(5):6-9
[10] 顾继友等.胶粘剂与涂料[M],中国林业出版社,1999
[11] 郭孟蛟,关仲翔.溶剂型单组分聚氨酯胶粘[J].粘接,1996,7(1):5
[12] 郝金城.集成材制造技术[M],东北林业大学出版社. 2000
[13] 郝金城,王世鑫,李金杰.胶合木层板配置与其强度性能[J].林业科技,1997, 22(1):38-39转60
[14] 黄国民.集成材的特性及用途[J].林产工业,1994, 21(6): 18-19
[15] 黄玉东.聚合物表面与界面技术[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[16] 李坚主编.木质材料的界面特性与无胶胶合技术[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1989
[17] 李琳,张妍,徐煜.落叶松集成材耐候试验分析[J].林业机械与木工设备,2003.05
[18] 李民栋,纪文兰.兴安落叶松化学组成的研究[J].中国造纸,1994,13(1):58-60
[19] 李玉栋.木材的虫害及其预防和控制[J].人造板通讯,2002, 5:15-17
[20] 林利民,刘文华,关崇贵.落叶松材性及胶合板生产[J].建筑人造板,1999, 3:23-25
[21] 陆文达编著.落叶松资源及其利用[M].东北林业大学出版社,1993.
[22] 陆熙娴,黄洛华.人工林和天然林长白山落叶松幼龄材与成熟材化学组成与化学性质比较的研究[J].世界林业研究,1994,7:29-107
[23] 罗文士等.间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂的研制与在胶合木梁上的应用[J].木材工业,1990,4(3):14-19
[24] 孟令辉,邢玉清, 张宝山. 集成材用胶粘剂的研制[J]. 化学与粘合,1996.03
[25] 冉全印,叶素,叶伯蕙.水基聚氨酯胶粘剂在集成材生产中的应用[J].林产工业,1997,04
[26] 申士杰,王丽宇.我国开发落叶松工程木制材料的前景分析[J].国际木业,2002,32(12):12-16
[27] 沈陈炎,杨光明,张鹏,苏锦艳.集成材用单组分湿固化聚氨酯胶粘剂的研制[J].聚氨酯工业,2004.03
[28] 沈贵.中国木材工业的历史性转变[J].林产工业,2004,31(1):3-6
[29] 沈钟,王果庭.胶体与表面化学[M].化学工业出版,1991
[29] 唐星华.木材用胶粘剂[M].化学工业出版社,2002
[30] 刑其毅,徐秋,周政编.基础有机化学[M].高等教育出版社,1987:762.
[31] 赵喜龙,傅峰,张海升.人工林杨树胶合工艺及不同纹理方向胶合性能研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004.02
[32] 中国人民共和国国家标准《木结构设计规范》 (GB 50005-2005)
[33] 中国人民共和国国家标准《木结构试验方法标准》(GB/T50329-2002)
[34] ANSI/A190.1. American National Standard for Wood Products----Structural Glued laminated Timber, American National Institute, New York, 1992
[35] ASTM D905. Standard test method for strength properties of adhesive bonds in shear by compression loading.
[36] ASTM D2559, Adhesives for Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions.
[37] ASTM D3737, Standard Practice for Establishing Stresses for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
[38] BalI, G.W., R.P Redmand, A.D.Adams. Emulsifiable isocyanate: Universal binder for articleboard free of formaldehyde. wood,1979 ; 20(2) : 18-20
[39] Brady and Kamke. Effects of hot-pressing parameters on resin penetration. Forest Prod. J
[40] Christian Nedomlel. World Gluelam Production. Powerpoint report in Beijing Forestry University,2007.
[41] Chung-Yun Hse,Mon-lin Kuo. Influence of extractives on wood gluing and finishing,. Forest Prod. J. ,1988, 38(1),52-56
[42] Collett B. M. A review of surface and interfacial adhesion in wood science and related fields. Wood Sci.Technol.,1972,6: 1-42
[43] EN 1194:1999,Timber structures–Glued laminated timber – Strength classes and determination of characteristic values
[44] EN 301, Adhesives for load bearing timber structures – Phenolic and aminoplastic – Classification and performance requirements
[45] EN 384, Structural timber – Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density.
[46] EN 386, Glued laminated timber – Performance requirements and minimum product requirements.
[47] EN 390, Glued laminated timber – Sizes – Permissible deviations.
[48] EN 391, Glued laminated timber – Delamination test of glue lines.
[49] EN 392, Glued laminated timber – Shear test of glue lines.
[50] EN 408, Timber structures – Structural and glued laminated timber – Determination of some physical and mechanical properties.
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[55] ISO/DIS 12578. Structural timber – Glued laminated timber- Performance requirements and minimum production requirements
[56] ISO/CD 12579. Structural timber – Glued laminated timber – Glue line shear test.
[57] ISO/CD 12580. Structural timber – Glued laminated timber – Delamination test of glue lines.
[58] ISO/CD 13912, Structural timber – Grading – Requirements for machine graded timber.
[59] ISO/CD 8375, Timber Structures - Glued Laminated Timber - Test Methods: Determination of Physical and Mechanical Properties.
[60] ISO/CD 9709, Structural timber – Grading – Requirements for visually graded timber.
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