爆破震动信号的能量分析方法及其应用研究
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摘要
随着爆破技术在国民经济各个领域的广泛应用,爆破施工引起的环境震动危害日益突出。尽管国内外研究者对爆破震动进行了大量富有成效的研究,但是由于爆破地震波的随机性、模糊性和不确定性,爆破震动分析研究及爆破震动效应的控制仍然是一个艰巨而复杂的研究课题。基于此,结合某引水工程大量的普通毫秒雷管和数码电子雷管爆破监测资料,应用小波、小波包分析和Hilbert-Huang(HHT)分析方法,对爆破震动信号的能量频带分布、微差延期识别、爆破震动危害控制等方面,开展了较为深入而系统的研究。本文主要研究成果如下:
(1)采用小波及小波包分析方法,首次得到了数码电子雷管爆破震动信号的频带能量分布特征,其主震频带范围更宽,频率更高,能量在频带上的分布更为发散,具有更多的分震频带。
(2)由于雷管实际起爆时间与设计起爆时间往往有所偏差,爆破中影响微差爆破效果,微差延期时间识别可评价雷管延期误差及起爆网络的可靠性,对降低爆破震动效应、改善爆破效果有重要的现实意义。首次采用基于HHT的瞬时能量分析法识别微差延期时间,实例分析表明该方法比基于小波变换的时-能密度分析法具有更高的分辨率,能更好地突出被分析信号突变的性质。
(3)数码电子雷管精度高、可靠性好,通过合理设定微差时间能够取得比普通毫秒雷管更好的干扰减震效果,其震动信号具有震速小、频率高、瞬时能量和TIE小的特点,对建(构)筑物的安全有利。
(4)提出总输入能量的概念,建立基于TIE(Total Input Energy)的爆破震动安全评价指标。采用该指标对实测信号进行分析,与实际调查情况对比,评价减震效果和TIE指标的适用性,当TIE≥1时,爆破震动对一般砖房结构造成危害。
With extensive application of blast techniques in all fields of national economy, more and more attentions are focused on the influence of blast vibration by blasting. Many researchers have made investigation and exploration into it, however, due to its strong randomicity, fuzziness and uncertainty, study on the control of blast vibration damage is still in its infancy. Aimed at the the aforementioned problems, a large amount of conventional detonators and digital electronic detonators blasting vibration data have been collected. Wavelet and wavelet packets analysis and HHT analysis were deeply and systematically investigated in analysis of energy distributions of blasting viration signals and delay time identification as well as the control of blasting vibration damage. The main research conclusions of the project are summarized as follows:
First of all, the energy distributions of digital electronic detonators blasting vibration signals in different frequency band were obtained by the wavelet and wavelet packet analysis. Digital electronic detonators blasting vibration signals had wider main shock frequency bands. higher frequency, more sub-shock frequency bands and the distribution of its energy in the bands is more diffuse.
Secondly, the real delay time is possibly different from the designed one, and may influence the effect of millisecond blast. The real time of delay is also very useful to evaluate the delay errors of detonators and the reliability of initiating network. The instantaneous energy analysis based on HHT was proposed to identify the delay time in millisecond blasting. Compared with the time-energy density analysis based on the wavelet transform, it had higher resolution and better ability to identify the peaks in processed signal.
Thirdly, digital electronic detonators had high precision and good reliability. At the reasonable delay time, the blasting vibration signals superimposed with each other to play a role of damping. Its blasting vibration signals had low peak particle velocity, high frequency and low energy, and it can effectively reduce the effect of blasting vibration.
Finally, the notion of Total Momentary Input Energy was proposed, and, a TIE criterion was developed for damage assessment induced by blast vibration. The criterion had been used to analyse the blasting vibration signals in the water diversion project.When TIE reaches up to 1, the brick buildings may be damaged by blast vibration.
(1)采用小波及小波包分析方法,首次得到了数码电子雷管爆破震动信号的频带能量分布特征,其主震频带范围更宽,频率更高,能量在频带上的分布更为发散,具有更多的分震频带。
(2)由于雷管实际起爆时间与设计起爆时间往往有所偏差,爆破中影响微差爆破效果,微差延期时间识别可评价雷管延期误差及起爆网络的可靠性,对降低爆破震动效应、改善爆破效果有重要的现实意义。首次采用基于HHT的瞬时能量分析法识别微差延期时间,实例分析表明该方法比基于小波变换的时-能密度分析法具有更高的分辨率,能更好地突出被分析信号突变的性质。
(3)数码电子雷管精度高、可靠性好,通过合理设定微差时间能够取得比普通毫秒雷管更好的干扰减震效果,其震动信号具有震速小、频率高、瞬时能量和TIE小的特点,对建(构)筑物的安全有利。
(4)提出总输入能量的概念,建立基于TIE(Total Input Energy)的爆破震动安全评价指标。采用该指标对实测信号进行分析,与实际调查情况对比,评价减震效果和TIE指标的适用性,当TIE≥1时,爆破震动对一般砖房结构造成危害。
With extensive application of blast techniques in all fields of national economy, more and more attentions are focused on the influence of blast vibration by blasting. Many researchers have made investigation and exploration into it, however, due to its strong randomicity, fuzziness and uncertainty, study on the control of blast vibration damage is still in its infancy. Aimed at the the aforementioned problems, a large amount of conventional detonators and digital electronic detonators blasting vibration data have been collected. Wavelet and wavelet packets analysis and HHT analysis were deeply and systematically investigated in analysis of energy distributions of blasting viration signals and delay time identification as well as the control of blasting vibration damage. The main research conclusions of the project are summarized as follows:
First of all, the energy distributions of digital electronic detonators blasting vibration signals in different frequency band were obtained by the wavelet and wavelet packet analysis. Digital electronic detonators blasting vibration signals had wider main shock frequency bands. higher frequency, more sub-shock frequency bands and the distribution of its energy in the bands is more diffuse.
Secondly, the real delay time is possibly different from the designed one, and may influence the effect of millisecond blast. The real time of delay is also very useful to evaluate the delay errors of detonators and the reliability of initiating network. The instantaneous energy analysis based on HHT was proposed to identify the delay time in millisecond blasting. Compared with the time-energy density analysis based on the wavelet transform, it had higher resolution and better ability to identify the peaks in processed signal.
Thirdly, digital electronic detonators had high precision and good reliability. At the reasonable delay time, the blasting vibration signals superimposed with each other to play a role of damping. Its blasting vibration signals had low peak particle velocity, high frequency and low energy, and it can effectively reduce the effect of blasting vibration.
Finally, the notion of Total Momentary Input Energy was proposed, and, a TIE criterion was developed for damage assessment induced by blast vibration. The criterion had been used to analyse the blasting vibration signals in the water diversion project.When TIE reaches up to 1, the brick buildings may be damaged by blast vibration.
引文
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