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基于DSP的倒立摆控制系统的研究
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摘要
作为一个自然不稳定系统,倒立摆一直被用作实时控制系统实验的控制设备。通过对它的研究不仅可以解决控制中的理论问题,还能将控制理论涉及的三个主要基础学科:力学、数学和电学(包含计算机)进行有机的综合应用。此外,在近代机械控制系统中,如航空航天上直升飞机、火箭发射、卫星发射及生活中的做体操、花样滑冰、单轮骑车等等,都存在类似于倒立摆的稳定控制问题。因此实现倒立摆系统稳定控制的研究对实际工程和现实生活有非常重要的意义。
     本论文的主要目标是设计和建造一个基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的计算机控制系统来控制倒立摆的平衡。论文中用到的控制理论主要是线性控制理论和反馈控制理论。
     本文首先对倒立摆的背景和研究现状作了总体介绍,简要的阐述了常见的控制算法。随后详细介绍了利用牛顿第二定律及相关的动力学原理建立一级和二级倒立摆的数学模型,并用MATLAB对倒立摆的运动特性进行了仿真。然后研究倒立摆系统的各种控制策略,比较了各种控制方法的效果。
     本论文还设计了基于DSP的计算机控制系统。详细介绍了DSP硬件电路设计和外围电路设计,用C和汇编语言编写了系统的控制程序。
     最后,对本论文进行了总结,对下一步要进行的工作提出了自己的设想。
     整个论文的完成以一定的理论为基础,既有数学模型的分析与推导,方法理论的探讨,又有实际控制系统设计过程,而且研究对象相当典型。本文所完成的工作,既可以作为现代控制理论的教学实验,对于具有类似模型的其他装置如两足机器人的研究也有一定的借鉴作用。
As an inherently unstable system by nature, the inverted pendulum has been used as the controlled device in a prototype real-time control system. One can not only solve the control theory problem, but also put the mechanics, mathematics and electrics together through studying the inverted pendulum. In the modern mechanical control system, there is the same problem in the helicopters, the emitting of the rocket and the emitting of the satellite, In our lives, there is also the same question in the gym, skating and driving by bicycle. So the research of the inverted pendulum is very important both to the project and to our lives.
     The main aim of this thesis is to design and construct an inverted pendulum system based on digital signal processor(DSP) and to control it. Linear and feedback control theory is required to keep the system stable.
     At first, the background pendulum are introduced. Many control methods of the inverted pendulum are briefly illustrated. And then, this paper establishes the mathematic analytic models of single inverted pendulum and two-stage inverted pendulum according to the second law of Newton and the foundation of the dynamics , and simulates the activity feature of them by using MATLAB. Subsequently, research the different kind control algorithms of inverted pendulum system and compare the control effects of each control algorithms.
     After that, a computer control system based DSP and its peripheral circuit are designed in this thesis in order to control inverted pendulum system, and the control algorithms are implemented in C and ASM language. The hardware and software of the system have been designed.
     Finally, the results obtained and the lessons learned are summarized, and future work is discussed.
     The research of this thesis based on definite theory, including the education and analysis ofmathematical model, discussion of methodology and the design of real control system. What's more, the research object is rather typical. The work presented here, not only can be used as a pedagogical experiment formodern control theory, but also can benefit practical problems with similar model such as the study of bipedal robots.
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