MBR-Fenton处理垃圾渗滤液的技术研究
摘要
垃圾填埋场产生的垃圾渗滤液是一种含高浓度氨氮和难降解有机物、成分非常复杂的废水,该类废水的有效处理是目前国内外环境工程领域的难点之一。在渗滤液的处理过程中,有机物和氨氮是国家排放标准规定的两个主要去除目标,它决定了渗滤液处理工艺的建设成本和运行费用。针对垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮与难降解有机物,本论文分别探讨了膜生物反应器(MBR)对氨氮和有机物的去除,研究了添加粉末活性炭对膜生物反应器处理性能的影响;进一步探讨了Fenton试剂对膜生物反应器工艺出水中难降解有机物的处理效果。
本研究主要内容如下:
1) 当进水pH=8.7-9.3,膜生物反应器的硝化过程均停留在亚硝化阶段;当进水pH=7.6-8.2时,MBR1(添加粉末活性炭)中亚硝酸盐氧化菌迅速恢复活性并大量繁殖,最终将氨氮完全转化为NO_3~-;而MBR2(没有添加粉末活性炭)仍然停留在亚硝化阶段。采用吹脱预处理可以减轻膜生物反应器的负荷,但是吹脱后中和所产生的SO_4~(2-)含量过高导致膜生物反应器硝化性能降低。
2) 膜生物反应器充分发挥了膜截流作用,对难降解有机物的去除率超过10%;当添加粉末活性炭后,系统对难降解有机物的去除效率进一步提高3%左右,但同时膜表面形成较为致密的过滤层,使得代谢产物累积量增加。
2) Fenton试剂作为终端深度处理技术用于膜生物反应器出水(主要COD成分为难降解有机物)的处理,在H_2O_2150mg/L、FeSO_4550mg/L、氧化pH3、混凝pH4.5条件下,难降解有机物和色度的去除率分别为78%和98%,使渗滤液COD从800mg/L降低到200mg/L以下,色度从1500度降低到30度。Fenton试剂主要发挥了混凝作用,能够有效地去除大分子可溶性腐殖质。
本研究针对垃圾渗滤液处理中高浓度氨氮和难降解有机物的去除这两大关键问题开展系统研究,取得了一定的创新性成果。今后需要通过系统集成形成一套经济有效的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺。
AbstractiMunicipal landfill leachate is a big treatment question as a complicated wastewater of high ammonia and refractory organics. Organics and ammonia are the main removal pollutants which decide the construction and operation cost. For their removal, the membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied on the role of powdered activated carbon (PAC) added in MBR. Moreover, the Fenton reagent was used for the removal of refractory organics to treat the effluent from the MBR.The main research achievements are summed up as follows:1. At pH 8.7-9.3 in influent, the MBRs (PAC added or not) still remained on the stage of ammonia oxidation with nitrite accumulation. With pH decreased to 7.6-8.2, the nitrite was completely oxidized to nitrate in the MBRl (PAC added) while the MBR2 (PAC not added) still remained with nitrite accumulation. Though air stripping as pretreatment reduced the nitrification loading, higher concentration of SO42" for pH adjustment resulted in nitrification decrease of MBR2 and MBRl was affected less.2. The MBR can efficiently intercept microorganisms and refractory organics and more than 10% of refractory organics were removed. With PAC added, the refractory organics removal increased about 3% in MBRl, but metabolic products accumulation occurred more.3. Fenton reagent was used to treat the effluent from the MBR. With an H_2O_2 dosage of 150mg/L, an FeSO_4 dosage of 550mg/L, oxidation pH of 3 and coagulation pH of 3.8, more than 78% refractory organics was removed and 98% chroma was done. COD in the effluent from MBR decreased from 800mg/L to lower than 200mg/L, and chroma did from 1500 down to 30. Coagulation was the main role of Fenton reaction and removed the bigger molecular humics efficiently.Focus on the two key treatment difficulties of high ammonia and refractor organics, systematic research was done and a certain creation was obtained. In the future work, a systematic process needs to be combined with both high economy and high efficiency.
本研究主要内容如下:
1) 当进水pH=8.7-9.3,膜生物反应器的硝化过程均停留在亚硝化阶段;当进水pH=7.6-8.2时,MBR1(添加粉末活性炭)中亚硝酸盐氧化菌迅速恢复活性并大量繁殖,最终将氨氮完全转化为NO_3~-;而MBR2(没有添加粉末活性炭)仍然停留在亚硝化阶段。采用吹脱预处理可以减轻膜生物反应器的负荷,但是吹脱后中和所产生的SO_4~(2-)含量过高导致膜生物反应器硝化性能降低。
2) 膜生物反应器充分发挥了膜截流作用,对难降解有机物的去除率超过10%;当添加粉末活性炭后,系统对难降解有机物的去除效率进一步提高3%左右,但同时膜表面形成较为致密的过滤层,使得代谢产物累积量增加。
2) Fenton试剂作为终端深度处理技术用于膜生物反应器出水(主要COD成分为难降解有机物)的处理,在H_2O_2150mg/L、FeSO_4550mg/L、氧化pH3、混凝pH4.5条件下,难降解有机物和色度的去除率分别为78%和98%,使渗滤液COD从800mg/L降低到200mg/L以下,色度从1500度降低到30度。Fenton试剂主要发挥了混凝作用,能够有效地去除大分子可溶性腐殖质。
本研究针对垃圾渗滤液处理中高浓度氨氮和难降解有机物的去除这两大关键问题开展系统研究,取得了一定的创新性成果。今后需要通过系统集成形成一套经济有效的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺。
AbstractiMunicipal landfill leachate is a big treatment question as a complicated wastewater of high ammonia and refractory organics. Organics and ammonia are the main removal pollutants which decide the construction and operation cost. For their removal, the membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied on the role of powdered activated carbon (PAC) added in MBR. Moreover, the Fenton reagent was used for the removal of refractory organics to treat the effluent from the MBR.The main research achievements are summed up as follows:1. At pH 8.7-9.3 in influent, the MBRs (PAC added or not) still remained on the stage of ammonia oxidation with nitrite accumulation. With pH decreased to 7.6-8.2, the nitrite was completely oxidized to nitrate in the MBRl (PAC added) while the MBR2 (PAC not added) still remained with nitrite accumulation. Though air stripping as pretreatment reduced the nitrification loading, higher concentration of SO42" for pH adjustment resulted in nitrification decrease of MBR2 and MBRl was affected less.2. The MBR can efficiently intercept microorganisms and refractory organics and more than 10% of refractory organics were removed. With PAC added, the refractory organics removal increased about 3% in MBRl, but metabolic products accumulation occurred more.3. Fenton reagent was used to treat the effluent from the MBR. With an H_2O_2 dosage of 150mg/L, an FeSO_4 dosage of 550mg/L, oxidation pH of 3 and coagulation pH of 3.8, more than 78% refractory organics was removed and 98% chroma was done. COD in the effluent from MBR decreased from 800mg/L to lower than 200mg/L, and chroma did from 1500 down to 30. Coagulation was the main role of Fenton reaction and removed the bigger molecular humics efficiently.Focus on the two key treatment difficulties of high ammonia and refractor organics, systematic research was done and a certain creation was obtained. In the future work, a systematic process needs to be combined with both high economy and high efficiency.
引文
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2.顾平.应用膜生物反应器处理生活污水的研究.中国给水排水,1998,14(5):6-8
3.管运涛.两相厌氧膜-生物系统处理有机废水的研究.环境科学,1998,19(6):56-59
4.桂萍.一体式膜生物反应器污水处理特性及膜污染机理研究.清华大学博士论文,1999
5.桂萍.三种型式膜-生物反应器工艺运行特性研究.给水排水,1999,25(3):24-27
6.何义亮.厌氧MBR处理高浓度食品废水的应用.环境科学,1999,20(6):53-55
7.景仰民.工业水处理.1997,17 (3)
8.雷乐成 汪大晖.水处理高级氧化技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2001
9.李红兵,顾国维.中空纤维膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性.环境科学,1999,20(2):53-56
10.李建武等.生物化学实验原理和方法.北京大学出版社.2001,4
11.芩运华.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用.水处理技术,1991,17 (5):319-323
12.芩运华.日本水综合再生利用系统90计划的进展概要.环境科学研究,1990,3 (2):50
13.刘锐.处理洗浴污水的中试研究.中国给水排水,2001,17(1):5-8
14.马力.膜生物反应器技术及在中水处理与回用中的研究。中国科学院生态环境研究中心硕士论文,1996
15.茹继平,李大鹏.城市污水再生利用新模式的探讨.中国给水排水,2001,17 (5)
16.水和废水监测分析方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社.2002,12
17.吴晨等.城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液的处理技术.给水排水,1996,229(5)
18.汪诚文.膜—好氧生物反应器处理生活污水的实验研究.给水排水,1996(12):18-21
19.王宗平 陶涛 吴峰 邓南圣.光化学方法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究.环境化学,2002,21(6):590-593
20.肖雪峰等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生、控制处理.江苏环境科技,2001,14 (1)
21.谢嘉主编.水污染控制原理.成都科技大学出版社.1994
22.邢传红.无机膜生物反应器处理生活污水实验研究.环境科学,1997,18(3):1-4
23.杨造燕.Experimental investigation of wastewater treatment
24.杨磊.超滤膜生物反应器处理生活污水的实验研究.膜科学与技术,1999,19(3):29-31
25.张军,王宝贞.复合淹没式膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性研究.中国给水排水,1999,15(9):13-16
26.张绍园.膜分离与生物降解组合工艺处理受污染水研究.中国科学院生态环境研究中心博士论文,2000
27.张盼月等.活性硅酸混凝剂PFAFCC处理造纸废水.污染防治技术.1997,10(3)
28.张晖,Huang C. P. Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的影响因素分析.中国给水排水,2002,18(3):14～17
29.张海伦.垃圾渗滤液的处理.能源研究与利用,2001,1
30.张颖,顾平,邓晓钦.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用进展.
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