不同藻类在UV-B处理下的抗性生理研究
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摘要
UV-B辐射增强可引起深远的环境问题，藻类具有相应的适应机制，却存在种类间的差异。本文对五种藻进行短时和较长时间的UV-B辐射处理，研究不同藻类的生理生化响应。结果表明这五种藻类抗UV-B的能力大小的顺序为：钝顶螺旋藻＞微绿球藻＞纤细角刺藻＞海洋原甲藻＞球形棕囊藻。
UV的增强可破坏叶绿素a，使其含量下降。钝顶螺旋藻和微绿球藻中在较低的UV辐射强度下类胡萝卜素含量升高，而叶绿素a保持相对稳定，说明类胡萝卜素可能对藻类起到一定保护作用，可能通过直接的或间接的方式猝灭激发态的叶绿素，来保障光合作用的进行；本实验发现多糖的累积和分泌与藻体的抗UV能力有相关，钝顶螺旋藻的细胞内和细胞外多糖分泌旺盛，其抗UV能力最强；微绿球藻体内能积累多糖，而胞外多糖分泌减少；球形棕囊藻的胞内多糖含量减少，胞外多糖含量增加也不明显，其抗UV能力最弱。同时实验中还发现钝顶螺旋藻在较长时间UV-B处理下没有明显的细胞损伤，这为藻类多糖的生产提供了一个新思路。另外这三种藻类分泌到细胞外的物质的紫外吸收情况对于不同藻类有所不同。本文推测UV-B辐射的变化可能是影响赤潮发生的诱因之一。
UV-B radiation enhancement can cause many environmental problems. Algae have different mechanisms to adapt UV-B enhancement. In this study, 5 algae were chosen as experimental materials, their physiological and biochemical responses were studied under both short time and longer period of UV-B treatment. Results showed that these algae have different ability in resisting UV-B enhancement: Spirulina plalensis >Nanochloropsis sp>Chaetoceros gracilis> Proroceatrum micans >Phaeocystis globosa scherffel.
UV can destroy Ch1a, making Ch1a content decrease. Carotenoids content increased in algae Spirulina plalensis and Nanochloropsis sp under lower dosage of UV-B treatment. The result proved that Carotenoids maybe play important roles in photoprotection of algae. Carotenoids can make Chla return from excited state to ground state by direct or un-direct quenching, in order to prevent algae from photooxidation. On the other hand, it was indicated that polysaccharides have functions in resisting UV. Spirulina plalensis can accumulate both cellular and extracellular polysaccharides during UV treatment, it showed highest UV resistant ability; Nanochloropsis sp also can accumulate cellular polysaccharides, while extracellular polysaccharides reduced; the cellular polysaccharides content of Phaeocystis globosa scherffel decreased and extracellular polysaccharides content did not increased markedly, showing lowest UV resistant ability. Spirulina plalensis showed no cellular damage during the longer period of UV-B enhan
cement treatment, that may provide a new way for polysaccharides production. From results, we can presume that UV-B enhancement may be one of factors, which cause red tide. When weather changes, causing UV-B decreased, some UV-susceptible algae would become dominant, it grow fast and eventually resulting in red tide formation.
UV的增强可破坏叶绿素a，使其含量下降。钝顶螺旋藻和微绿球藻中在较低的UV辐射强度下类胡萝卜素含量升高，而叶绿素a保持相对稳定，说明类胡萝卜素可能对藻类起到一定保护作用，可能通过直接的或间接的方式猝灭激发态的叶绿素，来保障光合作用的进行；本实验发现多糖的累积和分泌与藻体的抗UV能力有相关，钝顶螺旋藻的细胞内和细胞外多糖分泌旺盛，其抗UV能力最强；微绿球藻体内能积累多糖，而胞外多糖分泌减少；球形棕囊藻的胞内多糖含量减少，胞外多糖含量增加也不明显，其抗UV能力最弱。同时实验中还发现钝顶螺旋藻在较长时间UV-B处理下没有明显的细胞损伤，这为藻类多糖的生产提供了一个新思路。另外这三种藻类分泌到细胞外的物质的紫外吸收情况对于不同藻类有所不同。本文推测UV-B辐射的变化可能是影响赤潮发生的诱因之一。
UV-B radiation enhancement can cause many environmental problems. Algae have different mechanisms to adapt UV-B enhancement. In this study, 5 algae were chosen as experimental materials, their physiological and biochemical responses were studied under both short time and longer period of UV-B treatment. Results showed that these algae have different ability in resisting UV-B enhancement: Spirulina plalensis >Nanochloropsis sp>Chaetoceros gracilis> Proroceatrum micans >Phaeocystis globosa scherffel.
UV can destroy Ch1a, making Ch1a content decrease. Carotenoids content increased in algae Spirulina plalensis and Nanochloropsis sp under lower dosage of UV-B treatment. The result proved that Carotenoids maybe play important roles in photoprotection of algae. Carotenoids can make Chla return from excited state to ground state by direct or un-direct quenching, in order to prevent algae from photooxidation. On the other hand, it was indicated that polysaccharides have functions in resisting UV. Spirulina plalensis can accumulate both cellular and extracellular polysaccharides during UV treatment, it showed highest UV resistant ability; Nanochloropsis sp also can accumulate cellular polysaccharides, while extracellular polysaccharides reduced; the cellular polysaccharides content of Phaeocystis globosa scherffel decreased and extracellular polysaccharides content did not increased markedly, showing lowest UV resistant ability. Spirulina plalensis showed no cellular damage during the longer period of UV-B enhan
cement treatment, that may provide a new way for polysaccharides production. From results, we can presume that UV-B enhancement may be one of factors, which cause red tide. When weather changes, causing UV-B decreased, some UV-susceptible algae would become dominant, it grow fast and eventually resulting in red tide formation.
引文
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2. Moina MJ, Rowland FS. Stratosphere sink for chlorofluorofluoromethanes, chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone. Nature. 1974. 249:810-812.
3．杨震，童家明，唐学玺，李永祺，贺君．海洋单细胞藻对紫外吸收的比较研究．海洋通报，1999．18(10)：93-96
4. Haeder D-P. Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on aquatic ecosystems. Ambio. 1995.24(3): 174.
5. Hder, D.-P., Kumar, H.D.,Smith, R.C. & Worrest, R.C.. Effects on aquatic ecosystems. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 1998.46:53-64
6. Haeder D-P. Effects of enchanced solar UV-B radiation on phytoplankton. Sci Mar Barc, 1996.60(suppl):49
7. Okada M, kitajima M, Butler WL Inhibition of photosystem Ⅰ and photosystemⅡ in chloroplants by UV-radiation. Plant Cell Physiol. 1976. 17:35-43
8. Van TK, Grand LA, West SH. Effects of 298nm radiation on photosynthetic reactions of leaf discs and chloroplast preparations of some crop species. Environ Exp Bot 1977. 17:107-112
9. Noorudeen AM, Kulandaivelu G On the possible site of inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation. Physiol Plant. 1982.55:161-166
10. Renger G, Volker M, Eckert HJ. On the mechanism of photosystem Ⅱ deterioration by UV-B irradiation. Photochem Photobiol. 1989. 49(1):97-105.
11. Vass I, Sass L. UV-B-induced inhitbition of phtosystem Ⅱ electron transport studies by EPR and Chlorophyll fluorescence. Impairment of doner and acceptor side Component Biochemistry 1996. 35:8964-8973
12. RAIL C. Algal response to enhanced ultraviolet B radiation; Proceedings of the
India National Science Academy Part B. Biological Science,. 1998.64(2): 125
13. Nilawat I J. Influence of ultraviolet radiation on growth and photosynthesis of two cold ocean diatoms. Phycol. 1997. 33(2):215
14. Van-donk E. Loss of flagellain green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtic due to inaitu UV-B exposur. Sci Mar Barc. 1996. 60(suppl): 107.
15. Hader Donat-P, Hader Mafia A. Effects of solar UV-B radiation on photomovement and motility in photosynthetic and colorless flagellates Enviro and Erperi Bot. 1989.29(2):273
16. Furgal JA. Utraviolet radiation and photosynthesis by Georgian Bay phytoplankton of varying nutrient and photoadaptive. J Fish Aquat Sci. 1997. 54(7):1659.
17. Haedeer D P. Effects of sola rand artifical ultraviolet radiation motility and pigmentation in marine Cryptomonas maculata. Environ Exp Bot. 1991.31 (1) :33.
18. Gerber S. Effects of solar radiation motility and pigmentation of three species of phytoplankton. Environ Exp Bot. 1993.33(4):515.
19. Teramura AH. Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on the growth and yield of crop plants, Physiol. Plant. 1983.58:415-427.
20. Strid A, Chow WS, Anderson JM. Effects of supplementary ultraviolet-B radiation on photosynthesis in Pisum sativum. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990. 1020:260-268
21. Gerber S. Effects of solar radiation motility and pigmentation of three species of phytoplankton. Environ Exp Bot. 1993.33(4):515.
22. Pfindel E, Dan RS, Dilley RA. Inhibition of violaxanthin deepoxindation by ultraviolet-B radiation in isolated chloroplasts and intact leaves. Plant Physiol. 1992.98:1372-1380
23. Demmig-Adams B. Carotenoids and photoprotection in plant:a role for the xanthophylls zeaxanthin: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990. 1020:1-24.
24. Young-AJ, Frank HA. Energy transfer reactions involving carotenoids: quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. 1996. 36:3-15
25. Asda K, Takahashi M Production and scavenging of active oxygen in
photosynthesis In:Kyle. DJ,Osmond CB, Arntzen CJ(eds). Science Publishers,Amsterdam. 1987. pp89-109.
26. Mackerness SAH, Tordam BR, Thomas B. Reactive oxygen species in the regulation of photosynthetic genes by ultraviolet radiation(UV-B:280-320nm) in green and etiolated buds of pea9Prism Sativum L. J Photochem Photobiol B:Biol. 1999. 48:180-188
27．唐学玺，杨震，王悠，李永祺．紫外辐射诱发三角褐指藻自由基伤害的研究．海洋通报．1999．18(4)：93-96．
28. Jansen MA, Gaba V. Greenburg B. Higher plants and UV-B radiantion on photosynthetic primary reactions on spinach chloroplasts. Physiol Plant. 1998. 58:401-407.
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