云南省中小企业创业者人口背景特征、创业动机和企业绩效的关系研究
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摘要
现在创业经济已经是推动社会经济发展的重要动力,创业研究已引起了企业界和理论界的重视,各种文献也都对创业管理的各个方面进行了研究,得出了很多重要结论。学者们先前的研究主要集中在创业者特质方面,现在随着研究的深入逐步转向研究创业行为,甚至否定了以前的一些研究结论。否定也是研究的一种进步,但这种进步是不能够割裂与以前研究的联系的。
本文正是从以前创业者特质研究和现在创业行为研究两方面进行切入,找出二者的结合点,搭建起两个研究方面的关系。创业者特质研究是创业行为研究的出发点和根源,所以本文在结合二者的同时,重点对创业者特质中的创业者人口背景特征、创业动机进行研究,揭示出他们和创业企业绩效之间的关系。
本文在文献研究的基础上,通过实证分析发现,云南地区创业者人口背景特征、创业动机和企业绩效的关系在同全国其他地区进行比较时,既有一般的共性,又有云南地区的特殊性,这也为进一步开拓创业者特质研究提供了内容。本文研究发现,创业者年龄和企业绩效的关系呈倒“U”形状,创业者先前工作经验与企业绩效呈正相关关系,创业动机对创业者人口背景特征和企业绩效的关系有正向调节作用,但是研究还发现,云南地区创业者学历和企业绩效并没有呈现正相关关系。同时,在理论研究的基础上,本文提出了创业动机对创业行为和企业绩效影响作用的三种类型：创业动机的催化作用,创业动机的加速作用,创业动机的稳定作用。
在研究方法上,本文在文献研究的基础上提出假设,对通过调研得到的数据进行实证分析。本文主要通过SPSS11.5进行了问卷结构的信度和效度分析,创业者特征和创业企业的描述性统计分析,创业者人口背景特征和企业绩效关系的方差分析、相关性分析,加入创业动机这一调节变量后的回归分析,最终对研究的假设进行验证。
Now with the venture economy as an important driving force for socio-economic development, entrepreneurship research has attracted attention to the business and theoretical circles, as a result, all kinds of literatures about various aspects of business management research have been emerged, obtaining a number of important conclusions. Previously, Scholars have mainly thrown themselves into the research of entrepreneurial traits, and now, the research gradually shifts to the study of entrepreneurial behavior, what is more, some of the previous findings were negated. To some extent, negative is also a kind of progress on research, but this progress also can't divorce the link with previous studies.
This article just starts the research on the point of the connection linking the previous entrepreneurial traits research and the entrepreneurial behavior studies, in order to build the bridge of the two studies. Entrepreneurial traits research is the starting point and the root of the entrepreneurial behavior studies, so with the connection, we also put more attention to the characteristics of demographic background of entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial motivation, with the hope of discovering the relationship between the performance and the two aspects.
Based on the research literature, this paper, through the empirical analysis,shows that the relationship between the characteristics of demographic background of entrepreneurs entrepreneurial motivation and company performance in Yunnan province which has the both common and particular character,comparing with other areas in country, which will be the new content of entrepreneurial traits research deeply.
This study found that there is a parabola shape relationship between entrepreneurs age and the corporate performance, that the entrepreneur's prior work experience has a positive correlation with the business performance, that entrepreneurial motivation play a positive regulatory role on the relationship between the entrepreneur demographic background characteristics and the and the corporate performance. However, the study finds that there doesn't exist a positive correlation between the Yunnan entrepreneur education and business performance. At the moment, on the basis of theoretical research, this paper presents three influence types of the motivation for entrepreneurial behavior and business performance:the catalytic role of entrepreneurial motivation, the accelerating role of entrepreneurial motivation,the stabilizing role of entrepreneurial motivation.
As the research methods, this paper, with the basis of literature studies, presented assumptions and carried out empirical analysis with the acquired data。By the tool of SPSS11.5,this paper carried out the analysis of a questionnaire structural reliability and effectiveness, and the descriptive statistical analysis of entrepreneurs characteristics and entrepreneurial companies, variance analysis、correlation analysis of the relationship between demographic background characteristics and corporate performance, and also the regulation variable regression analysis after joining the entrepreneurial motivation, and finally, validate the assumptions.
本文正是从以前创业者特质研究和现在创业行为研究两方面进行切入,找出二者的结合点,搭建起两个研究方面的关系。创业者特质研究是创业行为研究的出发点和根源,所以本文在结合二者的同时,重点对创业者特质中的创业者人口背景特征、创业动机进行研究,揭示出他们和创业企业绩效之间的关系。
本文在文献研究的基础上,通过实证分析发现,云南地区创业者人口背景特征、创业动机和企业绩效的关系在同全国其他地区进行比较时,既有一般的共性,又有云南地区的特殊性,这也为进一步开拓创业者特质研究提供了内容。本文研究发现,创业者年龄和企业绩效的关系呈倒“U”形状,创业者先前工作经验与企业绩效呈正相关关系,创业动机对创业者人口背景特征和企业绩效的关系有正向调节作用,但是研究还发现,云南地区创业者学历和企业绩效并没有呈现正相关关系。同时,在理论研究的基础上,本文提出了创业动机对创业行为和企业绩效影响作用的三种类型：创业动机的催化作用,创业动机的加速作用,创业动机的稳定作用。
在研究方法上,本文在文献研究的基础上提出假设,对通过调研得到的数据进行实证分析。本文主要通过SPSS11.5进行了问卷结构的信度和效度分析,创业者特征和创业企业的描述性统计分析,创业者人口背景特征和企业绩效关系的方差分析、相关性分析,加入创业动机这一调节变量后的回归分析,最终对研究的假设进行验证。
Now with the venture economy as an important driving force for socio-economic development, entrepreneurship research has attracted attention to the business and theoretical circles, as a result, all kinds of literatures about various aspects of business management research have been emerged, obtaining a number of important conclusions. Previously, Scholars have mainly thrown themselves into the research of entrepreneurial traits, and now, the research gradually shifts to the study of entrepreneurial behavior, what is more, some of the previous findings were negated. To some extent, negative is also a kind of progress on research, but this progress also can't divorce the link with previous studies.
This article just starts the research on the point of the connection linking the previous entrepreneurial traits research and the entrepreneurial behavior studies, in order to build the bridge of the two studies. Entrepreneurial traits research is the starting point and the root of the entrepreneurial behavior studies, so with the connection, we also put more attention to the characteristics of demographic background of entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial motivation, with the hope of discovering the relationship between the performance and the two aspects.
Based on the research literature, this paper, through the empirical analysis,shows that the relationship between the characteristics of demographic background of entrepreneurs entrepreneurial motivation and company performance in Yunnan province which has the both common and particular character,comparing with other areas in country, which will be the new content of entrepreneurial traits research deeply.
This study found that there is a parabola shape relationship between entrepreneurs age and the corporate performance, that the entrepreneur's prior work experience has a positive correlation with the business performance, that entrepreneurial motivation play a positive regulatory role on the relationship between the entrepreneur demographic background characteristics and the and the corporate performance. However, the study finds that there doesn't exist a positive correlation between the Yunnan entrepreneur education and business performance. At the moment, on the basis of theoretical research, this paper presents three influence types of the motivation for entrepreneurial behavior and business performance:the catalytic role of entrepreneurial motivation, the accelerating role of entrepreneurial motivation,the stabilizing role of entrepreneurial motivation.
As the research methods, this paper, with the basis of literature studies, presented assumptions and carried out empirical analysis with the acquired data。By the tool of SPSS11.5,this paper carried out the analysis of a questionnaire structural reliability and effectiveness, and the descriptive statistical analysis of entrepreneurs characteristics and entrepreneurial companies, variance analysis、correlation analysis of the relationship between demographic background characteristics and corporate performance, and also the regulation variable regression analysis after joining the entrepreneurial motivation, and finally, validate the assumptions.
引文
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[10]Cakrt, M. Team development programmes for top management groups in Czechoslovakia [J]. Journal of Organizational Change Management.Bradford,1993 (2) 11-26.
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[24]Olomi, D.R., N ilsson, P.& Jaensson, J.E.. Evolution of entrepreneuria motivation:the transition from economic necessity to entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing,2001(3)22-35.
[25]Papadakis, V.M., Barwise. P.. How much do CEOs and Top Managers Matter in Strategic Decision making? British Journal of Management,2002,13(1):83-95.
[26]Penrose, E. T. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York:Oxford(3Edition),1959.
[27]Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
[28]Scott Shane, Edwin A. Locke, Christopher J. Collins, Entrepreneurial motivation, Human Resource Management Review 13 (2003) 257-279
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[30]Scott, J., Social network analysis:A hand book, Sage Publications, London,1991.
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