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交通枢纽城市高铁引线项目关键技术研究
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摘要
近些年,我国高速铁路和民航事业都取得令人瞩目的成就,但在比翼双飞的发展进程中,却悄然出现两个问题:一是航空、高铁各自发展,缺乏沟通联系,给旅客换乘和货邮运输带来不便,也造成浪费;二是航空、高铁隶属不同部门,各自发展,必然形成过度竞争,造成社会资源的浪费。面对这种市场形势,本论文提出,通过增建高速铁路直通机场的引线,实现高铁与机场无缝对接,建立我国统一的立体交通运输网络。高铁引线具有较强的实践意义:一是增建高铁引线具有经济效益、社会效益、环保效益等诸多效益。二是通过高铁引线的媒介作用,实现高铁与航空企业的强强联合,做大做强我国交通运输企业。三是通过高铁引线的建设,促进我国高铁工艺技术再上新台阶。
     本论文从我国社会经济发展水平、居民收入水平、人口数量、产业结构调整及城市化进程几个方面,对高铁引线客运需求的影响因素进行分析,提出了基于贝叶斯网络原理的旅客期望出行方式的网络模型。并重点讨论了机场旅客在选择换乘方式和期望换乘方式中,起直接作用的影响因素以及这些因素之间的相互关系,将旅客换乘方案的选择归结为弹性需求下的用户平衡分配问题,利用高铁引线企业与旅客之间的博弈关系,建立基于弹性需求的高铁引线开行方案的双层规划模型和计算方法,优化了高铁引线列车开行方案,使之与客运需求相吻合,从而产生更大的社会效益和经济效益。
     本论文详细探索了高铁引线建设的融资模式,试图在高铁引线建设中,采用GBP、特许权经营、组建股份公司、组建高铁引线建设基金等方法,走出一条由铁路、机场、航空、地方政府、国资委共同出资,大力引导民间资本参股,铁轮建设官民合作的新路子。并通过新的融资方式,在明晰产权的基础上,逐步实现空铁联运联营,并通过完善现代企业制度,实现跨行业的重组联合。引入熵值法原理,建立了高铁引线项目融资结构优化决策递阶结构模型、决策指标组合权重熵值法与专家主观意见相结合的计算模型以及模糊投影决策评价模型,并编制了决策系统和分析软件,提出了融资结构优化定量分析方法,以高铁引线融资效果和经济效益。论文还对高铁引线项目融资风险进行分析,提出风险管理措施。
     本论文分析了空铁联运的三种不同模式,重点研究了联运联营模式的特点、关键因素和效益;探讨了以资本为纽带组建高铁引线企业集团的原则、遵循的行业特点、需要处理的产权关系和高层治理结构;并对高铁引线运输组织的相关技术进行了深入研究。
     本论文还根据高铁工程现有经验,利用西方绩效评价理论,根据我国绩效评价实践,探索了高铁引线绩效预测定量分析方法,提出了高铁引线绩效评价的指标体系评价指标体系,并以模糊数学为基础,应用模糊关系合成原理,构造多层次模糊综合评价模型,建立了指标隶属度函数与模糊关系矩阵,对模糊因素进行了量化,对指标权值进行了合理分配,建立了指标的隶属度函数与模糊关系矩阵,并对判断矩阵进行了一致性检验,运用最大隶属度有效原则进行项目有效性评价。多层次模糊综合评价法对各指标进行定量分析,最终得到最优结果,其评价结果更合理、可靠,供决策者参考。本课题还对贵广高铁桂林段引线进行了一次实测,评价结果表明,实施高铁引线工程项目的风险较小,绩效显著,可行性大。通过调整指标体系,该评价方法也可用于高铁引线的风险评估上。
     本论文将一般风险概念引入高铁引线项目的研究中,在对风险分析的基础上,研究了高铁引线项目风险特征、风险分类、风险识别的原则及评价方法,建立了高铁引线项目风险评价指标体系和评价模型,并作了风险评价实例分析,测试了模拟高铁引线项目的风险程度。
     高铁引线符合交通事业可持续发展原则,符合我国交通发展方向和发展实际,相信必然引起相关管理部门和有关专家学者的关注,高铁引线也将有希望从概念变为成功的实践,改变我国交通运输格局。
In recent years, China's high-speed railway and civil aviation have made remarkableachievements, but in the process of their concurrent development, two problems arise quietly.Firstly, because of the respective development of the aviation and high-speed railway, they arelacked of communication and certain contact. So it is not convenient for the passengers totransfer between these two vehicles as well as the cargo and post service. Also, it is a waste ofresources. Secondly, affiliated to different departments, surely, they will be in unduecompetition, resulting in a huge waste of social resources. Faced with this market situation,this thesis proposes that we establish a unified three-dimensional transportation network byadding a lead line which directly combines the high-speed railway and the airport so as toachieve the seamless joint of them. This high-speed railway lead line has practicalsignificance. First, it has a huge economic effect, social benefits, environment protectionbenefits, etc. Second, through the medium of high-speed rail way lead role in achieving thehigh-speed rail and aviation business combination, it will help to enlarge and strengthen ourtransportation business. Third, the construction of the high-speed railway lead line facilitatesour high-speed rail technology to a new a level.
     The thesis analyses the influencing factor of the high-speed railway lead line passengertransportation demand by considering the aspects of the following aspects: social andeconomic development level, the income of residents, population, industrial restructuring, andthen the urbanization progress and comes up with the network model based on the principle ofBayesian networks of the passenger’s models of travel expectations. Besides, this thesisfocuses on the direct influencing factors and the relationship among them in the aspect of thepassengers in choosing the transfer model and their expectation model. The passengers’choice of transfer model is boiled down to the user balance allocation problem within thedemand elasticity. By using the game relation between high-speed railway enterprise leadsand the passengers, the bi-level programming model and calculation method about high-speedrailway lead operation plan are set up based on elastic demand, which optimizes thehigh-speed railway lead train operation plan so that it matches with the passenger needs, toproduce greater social benefits and economic benefits.
     This thesis explored the financing model in construction of high-speed railway, trying toemploy GBP, franchising, the formation of tock companies and the establishment of funds andother methods to lead a new way which is feathered by the co-financing of rail, airports,aviation, the local government as well as the SASAC and the guidance of private capitalsharing, the cooperation of the officials and the people in infrastructure. Gradually realize thejoint venture of high-speed rail transport and civil aviation on the basis of a clarification ofproperty rights. By introducing the method of entropy principle, we build the high-speedrailway lead project financing structure optimization decision hierarchical structure model,decision index combination entropy method, expert weight with the combination of subjectiveopinion calculation model and fuzzy projection decision evaluation model. We also compiledthe decision system and analysis software and put forward the financing structure optimization quantitative analysis method to improve high-speed railway lead financing effectand economic benefit. The high-speed railway project financing risks are also analyzed andthe risk management measures are proposed in the thesis.
     the three different patterns of air-rail joint-transport, focusing on the features, the keyfactors and benefit of joint-transport. The principle, industry characteristics, property rightrelations to be dealt with and top management structure to set up a high-speed railway leadenterprise group with the capital as the bonds are discussed. And the relevant technologies ofthe high-speed railway transportation organization leads were studied deeply.
     Based on the existing experience of high-speed rail project, using Performanceevaluation theory, Based on practice of the performance evaluation in our country, thissubject explored the quantitative analysis method of the high iron leads performanceprediction and puts forward an index system of high-speed railway lead line performanceevaluation, And based on fuzzy mathematics, using principle of fuzzy relationshipsynthesis,this subject constructed a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.Quantifying the fuzzy factors and allocating the value of the index rationally, this modelestablishes the matrix of member function feathered by the indicators and fuzzy relationshipand also conducts a consistency test to determine the matrix, carrying out the effectivenessevaluation on the effective use of maximum membership degree. Because of the quantitativeanalysis of various indicators used by the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to getthe final optimal result, the results are more reasonable and reliable for decision makers. Thisissue also conducts a measurement to a high-speed railway leads project which is in Guangxiand the evaluation results show that the implementation of high-speed railway project is inlow-risk, remarkable performance and high feasibility. By adjusting the index system, thismeans of evaluation can also be used to the risking evaluation of the high-speed railway leadline.
     This thesis brings general risk ideas into the research of high-speed railway leads project.On the basis of risk analysis, researching risk characteristics principle, risk classificationprinciple, risk identification principle of high-speed railway leads project and evaluationmethod of high-speed railway leads project, Setting up risk evaluation index system ofhigh-speed railway leads project and evaluation model of high-speed railway leads project,analyzing the risk evaluation example, testing risk degree of simulating high-speed railwayleads project.
     As the high-speed railway lead fits the principle of sustainable development intransportation as well as the direction and actual development of traffic, it surely will attractthe great attention of relevant authorities and experts. Inevitably the high-speed railway leadline will turn from concept to practice, which will completely change our transportationpatterns.
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