工程材料的损伤演化表征和破坏规律研究
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摘要
在第二次世界大战以后,由于常规武器和战略武器的迫切需要,材料和结构的动态响应研究在以美国和俄罗斯为代表的国家得到了迅猛发展。伴随着对材料动态力学性能的研究,材料在冲击载荷下的损伤演化和破坏规律的研究也随之兴起。材料的损伤破坏规律研究不仅在武器效应、防护工程和安全高效施工等国防和应用经济领域有着直接的应用价值,而且由于工程材料存在多种不同细观特征的损伤破坏模式,与材料含损伤本构关系、波动力学、动态数值计算方法及冲击动力学的发展紧密相关,故对该问题的研究有着重要的学术价值。本文采用细观统计和宏观唯象结合的方法,结合某些工程实际问题,提出了各种工程材料不同类型的损伤模型,揭示了材料的损伤模型与破坏形态之间的内在联系,取得了若干创新性成果。
论文对延性金属的拉伸损伤进行了全面而系统的研究,以细观物理统计和宏观唯象分析相结合的方法给出了两种新的以平均拉应力为基础的拉伸型损伤演化方程,即修正的Tuler-Butcher模型和微孔洞有核增长模型,前者克服了Tuler-Butcher模型不计前期损伤对后期损伤发展影响的缺陷,后者以“有核长大”的新思想取代了所谓的“成核长大”的旧观念,两种新模型不但物理上更加合理,更加符合实际情况,而且减少了损伤演化方程中的参数。通过模拟D6AC钢和45钢层裂实验,一维接触爆炸试验等一系列的数值模拟,全面而细致地证实了该损伤演化模型的实用性。并且结合试验,给出了一组新的损伤演化方程参数,讨论了材料参数和损伤演化方程参数对自由面速度时程曲线的影响。然后,本文将碎甲弹近似为一维接触爆炸模型,利用模拟平板撞击实验时获得的损伤演化方程参数,计算了一维近似下碎甲弹引起的层裂,分别考虑了炸药类别、材料参数及壳体几何构形对碎甲弹碎甲性能的影响。最后,将本章提出的新的损伤演化方程嵌入]HVP (high velocity penetration)有限元代码中,进行了二维数值计算,成功模拟了爆炸载荷下靶板的层裂现象。
论文着重指出了“绝热剪切”中的“绝热”只是一种近似而并非剪切带型破坏问题的本质,不可逆变形生热和热对不可逆变形的加速互动导致材料的损伤发展才是剪切带型破坏问题的本质,以此为指导、以能量守恒为基础,首次将热传导因素引入其中,提出了一种可反映金属剪切带发展过程中微损伤演化特性的热塑互动损伤演化方程,并将之嵌入含损伤热粘塑性本构关系和高速冲击软件HVP之中,成功模拟了高强度弹侵彻钢靶时的热塑互动冲塞过程。计算结果和实验结果的良好符合说明本文所提出的损伤演化方程、含损伤热粘塑性本构关系和计算方法是合理的,为进一步更细致和更精确地刻画热塑互动损伤的发生发展和破坏过程打下了良好的基础。在壳体结构在爆炸载荷作用下的变形和破坏规律的研究中,根据延性金属材料两种不同的损伤模式,分别引入本文提出的两类损伤演化方程,即以拉伸应力引起的损伤模型和以局域热塑互动变形引起的损伤模型,并结合从内变量理论出发的含损伤本构理论,给出了材料的含损伤本构关系,利用数值计算的方法,模拟了内部爆炸载荷下热粘塑性球壳的热塑互动破坏与层裂破坏,揭示了不同厚度下壳体损伤破坏模式的转换,以及厚度、热传导系数对壳体变形、温度和损伤等的分布及演化规律的影响趋势。
在脆性材料动静态损伤和破坏模式的研究方面,以微裂纹体系之“等效微孔洞体系”的概念为基础,提出了一种新的脆性材料拉伸损伤模型；并以脆性材料压力相关屈服的力学特性为基础,提出了一种新型压剪耦合损伤模型。通过数值模拟和实验结合的方法,模拟了钨合金侵彻AD95陶瓷靶板,给出了AD95陶瓷的JH-2参数,数值模拟的结果与实验基本一致,故所得到的参数是可信的。接着,采用新提出的脆性材料拉伸损伤模型,成功模拟了陶瓷材料层裂实验,表明本文提出的新的脆性材料拉伸损伤模型是可取的。最后,采用本章提出的脆性材料拉伸损伤和压剪耦合损伤,对混凝土材料的层裂问题和一维球爆问题进行了数值模拟研究,给出了同时存在拉伸损伤和压剪耦合损伤时混凝土材料的破坏模式。
After the World WarⅡ,as a result of the urgent needs for conventional weapons and strategic weapons, studies on the dynamic response of materials and structures, have been rapidly developed in those countries represented by the United States and Russia. With the research of dynamic mechanical properties of materials, the damage evolution and fracture criterion of materials under impact loading rise also. Material damage and failure not only in the fields of national defense and applied economics, such as weapons effects, protective engineering and safe and efficient construction, has a direct value, but also has important value in academic circles, because there are a variety of microscopic features of material damage and failure modes, which reflected to material damage constitutive, wave mechanics, transient computational mechanics and impact dynamics. In this paper, based on the idea of combining microscopic and macroscopic phenomenological theory, a variety of engineering materials of different types of damage models are presented to reveal the material damage model and the intrinsic link between the failure mode.
This thesis comprehensively and systematically discussed the tensile damage for ductile metals. Presented two new damage models, which named Modified Tuler-Butcher model and micro-voids nucleated growth model. The former overcame Tuler-Butcher model's excluding early post-damage injury on the development impact of the defects, and the latter with "a nuclear grown up" new ideas to replace the so-called "nucleation and growth". The two models are more detailed characterize the tensile damage in ductile metals, and more in line with reality, more physical meaning, through simulations of D6AC steel and 45 steel spall experiments, one-dimensional contact explosion and a series of numerical simulation tests. The trial of damage evolution models are confirmed comprehensive and detailed. Given new damage evolution equation parameters, and discussed the influences of the material parameters and damage evolution equation parameters on the free surface velocity time history curves. Then, this paper modeled HESH(High Explosive Squash Head) as a one-dimensional model of engagement, using damage evolution parameters provided above, calculated a one-dimensional explosion caused spall. Types of explosives, material parameters and geometrical configuration of HESH were taken into account for its performance. Finally, this chapter proposed a new damage evolution equation embedded in HVP (high velocity penetration) finite element code, the two-dimensional numerical simulation code, calculating the blast load target spallation successful.
This article pointed out that "adiabatic" in the "adiabatic shear" is only an approximation and not a shear band destruction of the nature of irreversible deformation heat and heat of the irreversible deformation of the material damage caused to accelerate the development of interaction is the shear band destruction of nature. This as a guide and energy conservation as the basis for the first time, the introduction of heat transfer elements which present a metal shear zone may reflect the development process of micro-damage evolution characteristics of a thermoplastic interaction damage evolution. The new fracture criterion was embedded in HVP finite element code to simulate the Arne tool-steel blunt nose projectile plugging Weldox 460 thin target. The thermoplastic interaction damage evolution and the thermoviscoplastic constitutive model predict completely the perforation process. The model is proved to be correct since the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data, and is reasonable for further more detailed and more accurate to describe thermoplastic interaction damage criterion. In the shell structure under blast loading deformation, considered two damage models of ductile metals fracture, with the general explicit description of incremental strain thermal-plastic constitutive relations and the specific incremental thermal-plastic constitutive relations, combining the problem of sphere shell's fracture caused by the outside-explosive loading, we developed the self-contained equation group about the thermal-viscous constitutive sphere fracture problem. Numerical simulations were carried out with the presented constitutive relations for sphere shell fracture problem and the results were analyzed. In the last part of this article, damage and fracture in brittle materials under quasi-static and dynamic loadings were discussed. To micro-crack system, the "equivalent micro-void system" based on the concept, a new tensile damage model of brittle materials was presented. And a new pressure-shear coupled damage model was presented based on the stress-related yield of brittle materials. Based on the experimental data, numerical simulations of tungsten long rods penetration into 45# steel and confined AD95 ceramic targets were investigated, using Ansys/Lsdyna finite element analysis software. Since the computational results are in good agreement with the experimental results, the material constants of AD95 ceramic were obtained for the JH-2 model. The response of confined AD95 ceramic targets were also been investigated through finite element simulations. Then, using the newly proposed tensile damage model of brittle materials, the successful simulation of ceramic spall experiments showed that the proposed new tensile damage model of brittle materials is desirable. Finally, using brittle shear tensile damage and pressure-shear coupled damage presented in this chapter, spalling of concrete materials, and one-dimensional spherical explosion were simulated, given the simultaneous existence of tensile damage and pressure-shear coupled failure modes of concrete.
论文对延性金属的拉伸损伤进行了全面而系统的研究,以细观物理统计和宏观唯象分析相结合的方法给出了两种新的以平均拉应力为基础的拉伸型损伤演化方程,即修正的Tuler-Butcher模型和微孔洞有核增长模型,前者克服了Tuler-Butcher模型不计前期损伤对后期损伤发展影响的缺陷,后者以“有核长大”的新思想取代了所谓的“成核长大”的旧观念,两种新模型不但物理上更加合理,更加符合实际情况,而且减少了损伤演化方程中的参数。通过模拟D6AC钢和45钢层裂实验,一维接触爆炸试验等一系列的数值模拟,全面而细致地证实了该损伤演化模型的实用性。并且结合试验,给出了一组新的损伤演化方程参数,讨论了材料参数和损伤演化方程参数对自由面速度时程曲线的影响。然后,本文将碎甲弹近似为一维接触爆炸模型,利用模拟平板撞击实验时获得的损伤演化方程参数,计算了一维近似下碎甲弹引起的层裂,分别考虑了炸药类别、材料参数及壳体几何构形对碎甲弹碎甲性能的影响。最后,将本章提出的新的损伤演化方程嵌入]HVP (high velocity penetration)有限元代码中,进行了二维数值计算,成功模拟了爆炸载荷下靶板的层裂现象。
论文着重指出了“绝热剪切”中的“绝热”只是一种近似而并非剪切带型破坏问题的本质,不可逆变形生热和热对不可逆变形的加速互动导致材料的损伤发展才是剪切带型破坏问题的本质,以此为指导、以能量守恒为基础,首次将热传导因素引入其中,提出了一种可反映金属剪切带发展过程中微损伤演化特性的热塑互动损伤演化方程,并将之嵌入含损伤热粘塑性本构关系和高速冲击软件HVP之中,成功模拟了高强度弹侵彻钢靶时的热塑互动冲塞过程。计算结果和实验结果的良好符合说明本文所提出的损伤演化方程、含损伤热粘塑性本构关系和计算方法是合理的,为进一步更细致和更精确地刻画热塑互动损伤的发生发展和破坏过程打下了良好的基础。在壳体结构在爆炸载荷作用下的变形和破坏规律的研究中,根据延性金属材料两种不同的损伤模式,分别引入本文提出的两类损伤演化方程,即以拉伸应力引起的损伤模型和以局域热塑互动变形引起的损伤模型,并结合从内变量理论出发的含损伤本构理论,给出了材料的含损伤本构关系,利用数值计算的方法,模拟了内部爆炸载荷下热粘塑性球壳的热塑互动破坏与层裂破坏,揭示了不同厚度下壳体损伤破坏模式的转换,以及厚度、热传导系数对壳体变形、温度和损伤等的分布及演化规律的影响趋势。
在脆性材料动静态损伤和破坏模式的研究方面,以微裂纹体系之“等效微孔洞体系”的概念为基础,提出了一种新的脆性材料拉伸损伤模型；并以脆性材料压力相关屈服的力学特性为基础,提出了一种新型压剪耦合损伤模型。通过数值模拟和实验结合的方法,模拟了钨合金侵彻AD95陶瓷靶板,给出了AD95陶瓷的JH-2参数,数值模拟的结果与实验基本一致,故所得到的参数是可信的。接着,采用新提出的脆性材料拉伸损伤模型,成功模拟了陶瓷材料层裂实验,表明本文提出的新的脆性材料拉伸损伤模型是可取的。最后,采用本章提出的脆性材料拉伸损伤和压剪耦合损伤,对混凝土材料的层裂问题和一维球爆问题进行了数值模拟研究,给出了同时存在拉伸损伤和压剪耦合损伤时混凝土材料的破坏模式。
After the World WarⅡ,as a result of the urgent needs for conventional weapons and strategic weapons, studies on the dynamic response of materials and structures, have been rapidly developed in those countries represented by the United States and Russia. With the research of dynamic mechanical properties of materials, the damage evolution and fracture criterion of materials under impact loading rise also. Material damage and failure not only in the fields of national defense and applied economics, such as weapons effects, protective engineering and safe and efficient construction, has a direct value, but also has important value in academic circles, because there are a variety of microscopic features of material damage and failure modes, which reflected to material damage constitutive, wave mechanics, transient computational mechanics and impact dynamics. In this paper, based on the idea of combining microscopic and macroscopic phenomenological theory, a variety of engineering materials of different types of damage models are presented to reveal the material damage model and the intrinsic link between the failure mode.
This thesis comprehensively and systematically discussed the tensile damage for ductile metals. Presented two new damage models, which named Modified Tuler-Butcher model and micro-voids nucleated growth model. The former overcame Tuler-Butcher model's excluding early post-damage injury on the development impact of the defects, and the latter with "a nuclear grown up" new ideas to replace the so-called "nucleation and growth". The two models are more detailed characterize the tensile damage in ductile metals, and more in line with reality, more physical meaning, through simulations of D6AC steel and 45 steel spall experiments, one-dimensional contact explosion and a series of numerical simulation tests. The trial of damage evolution models are confirmed comprehensive and detailed. Given new damage evolution equation parameters, and discussed the influences of the material parameters and damage evolution equation parameters on the free surface velocity time history curves. Then, this paper modeled HESH(High Explosive Squash Head) as a one-dimensional model of engagement, using damage evolution parameters provided above, calculated a one-dimensional explosion caused spall. Types of explosives, material parameters and geometrical configuration of HESH were taken into account for its performance. Finally, this chapter proposed a new damage evolution equation embedded in HVP (high velocity penetration) finite element code, the two-dimensional numerical simulation code, calculating the blast load target spallation successful.
This article pointed out that "adiabatic" in the "adiabatic shear" is only an approximation and not a shear band destruction of the nature of irreversible deformation heat and heat of the irreversible deformation of the material damage caused to accelerate the development of interaction is the shear band destruction of nature. This as a guide and energy conservation as the basis for the first time, the introduction of heat transfer elements which present a metal shear zone may reflect the development process of micro-damage evolution characteristics of a thermoplastic interaction damage evolution. The new fracture criterion was embedded in HVP finite element code to simulate the Arne tool-steel blunt nose projectile plugging Weldox 460 thin target. The thermoplastic interaction damage evolution and the thermoviscoplastic constitutive model predict completely the perforation process. The model is proved to be correct since the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data, and is reasonable for further more detailed and more accurate to describe thermoplastic interaction damage criterion. In the shell structure under blast loading deformation, considered two damage models of ductile metals fracture, with the general explicit description of incremental strain thermal-plastic constitutive relations and the specific incremental thermal-plastic constitutive relations, combining the problem of sphere shell's fracture caused by the outside-explosive loading, we developed the self-contained equation group about the thermal-viscous constitutive sphere fracture problem. Numerical simulations were carried out with the presented constitutive relations for sphere shell fracture problem and the results were analyzed. In the last part of this article, damage and fracture in brittle materials under quasi-static and dynamic loadings were discussed. To micro-crack system, the "equivalent micro-void system" based on the concept, a new tensile damage model of brittle materials was presented. And a new pressure-shear coupled damage model was presented based on the stress-related yield of brittle materials. Based on the experimental data, numerical simulations of tungsten long rods penetration into 45# steel and confined AD95 ceramic targets were investigated, using Ansys/Lsdyna finite element analysis software. Since the computational results are in good agreement with the experimental results, the material constants of AD95 ceramic were obtained for the JH-2 model. The response of confined AD95 ceramic targets were also been investigated through finite element simulations. Then, using the newly proposed tensile damage model of brittle materials, the successful simulation of ceramic spall experiments showed that the proposed new tensile damage model of brittle materials is desirable. Finally, using brittle shear tensile damage and pressure-shear coupled damage presented in this chapter, spalling of concrete materials, and one-dimensional spherical explosion were simulated, given the simultaneous existence of tensile damage and pressure-shear coupled failure modes of concrete.
引文
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