魏家地矿高应力软岩巷道破坏规律及其返修技术
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摘要
开展煤矿高应力软岩巷道支护技术研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。本文以魏家地煤矿二号石门返修工程为依托,采用理论分析与现场实践相结合的方法,对煤矿高应力软岩巷道的围岩变形规律及其返修技术进行了研究。主要内容与结论有:
(1)研究了复杂条件下软岩巷道的变形破坏机理,重点分析了影响煤矿动压软岩巷道稳定的主要因素:巷道围岩的性质、巷道位置、埋深、采动影响、构造应力影响以及支护方式等。
(2)采用钻孔窥视仪对围岩进行探测,确定了围岩松动范围,分析了二号石门破坏的主要原因。二号石门返修段破坏的主要原因是巷道埋深大、巷道布置在高应力(向斜构造上)、已采工作面采空区矿压显现剧烈、采掘接续紧张导致采区布置不合理、煤柱留设宽度和位置不合理、支护形式选择不尽合理。
(3)完成了二号石门返修段的支护方案设计。确定采用锚杆(索)、锚注联合支护方案作为二号石门返修段的一次支护方案、预留刚隙柔层支护技术与反拱配合使用进行混凝土全断面浇注作为二次支护方案,通过理论计算结合实际情况给出了支护参数。根据返修段各个特征段的不同地质情况给出了各特征段的一次支护方案以及二次支护方案。
(4)设计了二号石门的返修施工监测方案,采用信息化技术进行施工,完成了巷道围岩变形规律和锚杆(索)受力特征监测研究。结果表明:锚索对控制巷道深部围岩变形有重要作用。锚注支护具有锚杆与注浆相结合的双重作用,可以达到加固围岩、提高和改善围岩力学性能、控制围岩变形的效果。注浆可以将松散围岩胶结成一个整体,使得锚杆和锚索成为全长锚固,有效地控制围岩变形。对于重要的煤矿动压大巷应该采用包括一次支护和二次支护的联合支护方案进行支护以保证巷道的安全使用。
The researches to supporting technology of soft rock roadway in high stress area are of profound theoretical and practical significance. Taking repair project of 2nd crosscut roadway in Weijiadi Coal Mine as the project background.The paper employ the way of combination of on-site practice and theoretical analysis to study deformation law of soft rock roadway in high-stress area and rework technology. The main conclusions are as follows
(1) Failure mechanism of soft rock roadway is studied under complex conditions , it is focused on the analysis of the main factors affecting dynamic pressure of coal mine and stability of soft rock roadway: the properties of surrounding rocks mass, roadway location, roadway depth, exploited influence, influence of tectonic stress and supporting methods.
(2) Using by borehole endoscope instrument, the study of testing loose circle scope is completed. The leading destruction reasons of the 2nd crosscut is analyzed. The damage of roadway is mainly due to large depth, and location of the roadway is in the high-stress areas(synclinal structure ), the fierce underground press in mined-out area, location of mining area are not reasonable caused by short period of driving and mining sequence, width and location of remain coal pillar are unreasonable ,supporting methods is not rational.
(3) Supporting design of the rework section of the 2nd crosscut is done. Application of combined support with bolt (cable) and bolt-grouting is used as the first supporting scheme for the rework section of the 2nd crosscut roadway. The supporting technology combined flexible layer with rigid gap and inverted arch to pour concrete on full face pf roadway is used as the second support. The support parameters are presented according to theoretical calculation and actual situation. The first and second support scheme of every feature section are given based on various features of geology in different feature section.
(4) Construction monitoring scheme of the rework section of the 2nd crosscut is designed. Information technology for construction is adopted. Deformation laws of surrounding rock and force characteristics of bolt (cable) are researched by on-site monitoring. The results showed that: anchor plays an important role on controlling deformation of surrounding rock in the deep rock tunnel. Bolt-grouting supporting has dual functions on integrating bolt and grouting. It can achieve effect on reinforcing surrounding rock, improving and strengthen the mechanical properties of surrounding rock, controlling the deformation of roadway rock. Loose surrounding rock can be cemented into an integral whole by grouting. Bolt and cable becomes full length bolt to controlling the deformation of roadway rock effectively.For the major dynamic pressure roadway in coal mine, combined support with the first supporting and the second supporting should be applied to keeping the roadway safe.
(1)研究了复杂条件下软岩巷道的变形破坏机理,重点分析了影响煤矿动压软岩巷道稳定的主要因素:巷道围岩的性质、巷道位置、埋深、采动影响、构造应力影响以及支护方式等。
(2)采用钻孔窥视仪对围岩进行探测,确定了围岩松动范围,分析了二号石门破坏的主要原因。二号石门返修段破坏的主要原因是巷道埋深大、巷道布置在高应力(向斜构造上)、已采工作面采空区矿压显现剧烈、采掘接续紧张导致采区布置不合理、煤柱留设宽度和位置不合理、支护形式选择不尽合理。
(3)完成了二号石门返修段的支护方案设计。确定采用锚杆(索)、锚注联合支护方案作为二号石门返修段的一次支护方案、预留刚隙柔层支护技术与反拱配合使用进行混凝土全断面浇注作为二次支护方案,通过理论计算结合实际情况给出了支护参数。根据返修段各个特征段的不同地质情况给出了各特征段的一次支护方案以及二次支护方案。
(4)设计了二号石门的返修施工监测方案,采用信息化技术进行施工,完成了巷道围岩变形规律和锚杆(索)受力特征监测研究。结果表明:锚索对控制巷道深部围岩变形有重要作用。锚注支护具有锚杆与注浆相结合的双重作用,可以达到加固围岩、提高和改善围岩力学性能、控制围岩变形的效果。注浆可以将松散围岩胶结成一个整体,使得锚杆和锚索成为全长锚固,有效地控制围岩变形。对于重要的煤矿动压大巷应该采用包括一次支护和二次支护的联合支护方案进行支护以保证巷道的安全使用。
The researches to supporting technology of soft rock roadway in high stress area are of profound theoretical and practical significance. Taking repair project of 2nd crosscut roadway in Weijiadi Coal Mine as the project background.The paper employ the way of combination of on-site practice and theoretical analysis to study deformation law of soft rock roadway in high-stress area and rework technology. The main conclusions are as follows
(1) Failure mechanism of soft rock roadway is studied under complex conditions , it is focused on the analysis of the main factors affecting dynamic pressure of coal mine and stability of soft rock roadway: the properties of surrounding rocks mass, roadway location, roadway depth, exploited influence, influence of tectonic stress and supporting methods.
(2) Using by borehole endoscope instrument, the study of testing loose circle scope is completed. The leading destruction reasons of the 2nd crosscut is analyzed. The damage of roadway is mainly due to large depth, and location of the roadway is in the high-stress areas(synclinal structure ), the fierce underground press in mined-out area, location of mining area are not reasonable caused by short period of driving and mining sequence, width and location of remain coal pillar are unreasonable ,supporting methods is not rational.
(3) Supporting design of the rework section of the 2nd crosscut is done. Application of combined support with bolt (cable) and bolt-grouting is used as the first supporting scheme for the rework section of the 2nd crosscut roadway. The supporting technology combined flexible layer with rigid gap and inverted arch to pour concrete on full face pf roadway is used as the second support. The support parameters are presented according to theoretical calculation and actual situation. The first and second support scheme of every feature section are given based on various features of geology in different feature section.
(4) Construction monitoring scheme of the rework section of the 2nd crosscut is designed. Information technology for construction is adopted. Deformation laws of surrounding rock and force characteristics of bolt (cable) are researched by on-site monitoring. The results showed that: anchor plays an important role on controlling deformation of surrounding rock in the deep rock tunnel. Bolt-grouting supporting has dual functions on integrating bolt and grouting. It can achieve effect on reinforcing surrounding rock, improving and strengthen the mechanical properties of surrounding rock, controlling the deformation of roadway rock. Loose surrounding rock can be cemented into an integral whole by grouting. Bolt and cable becomes full length bolt to controlling the deformation of roadway rock effectively.For the major dynamic pressure roadway in coal mine, combined support with the first supporting and the second supporting should be applied to keeping the roadway safe.
引文
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[6]尹光志,王登科,张东明.高应力软岩下矿井巷道支护[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(10):87～91.
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[8]英国梁,王国栋,窦波洋等.深井高应力非常规断面动压巷道支护技术研究[J].中国矿业,2009,18(4):70～73.
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[11]李洪志.中国煤矿膨胀型软岩力学化学行为及支护对策研究[D].中国矿业大学北京岩土工程所博士论文.1995:28～46.
[12]袁和生主编.煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1997:162～165.
[13]陆士良等著.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1998:59～72.
[14]孙晓明,杨军,郭志飚.深部软岩巷道耦合支护关键技术研究[J].煤矿支护,2009,(1):17～22.
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