农户耕地投入的影响因素研究
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摘要
中国作为一个农业大国,农业生产是国民经济的重要方面,直接关系到国家的粮食安全和整体经济的稳步发展。影响农业发展的因素是多方面的,其中农户对耕地的投入是保证农产品供给的关键要素。20世纪70年代末,我国农村实行了土地制度的改革,将原有的集体所有、集体统一经营的土地制度变为集体所有、农户家庭经营的土地制度。这一转变使得农民的生产积极性大大提高,农业经济在这一改革的推动下有了长足的发展。这证实了土地制度的安排对农户的耕地投入有着重要影响,但是这一影响可以是激励也可以是限制,随着经济和社会的向前发展,这种产权不完整的分配制度,越来越造成农户经营和生产的制约。由于农业比较效益低于非农业,农户对耕地的投入积极性并不高,化肥农药等短期投入增加,有机肥以及田间投入减少,土壤的质量令人担忧。因此,本文就从地权稳定性入手,研究它对农户耕地投入的影响。分析样本区域农户耕地投入的意愿,投入的行为,探求一种更有利于农户进行耕地的长期投入、技术投入的制度安排,激励农户为耕地的可持续利用,以及保障国家粮食安全提供可靠的参考。
本文在农户生产及行为理论的基础上,构建了耕地投入影响因素的理论框架。然后,以四川省德阳市的调查数据为基础,分析了样本区域的基本情况,农户对耕地的投入意愿和投入行为。通过多元线性回归、Tobit模型、Logistic模型对农户的不同投入类型进行了定量的分析,在模型检验结果的基础上总结农户耕地投入的影响因素。最后,提出激励农户进行合理农业投入的对策和建议。
通过理论的分析和模型的检验,本文主要的得出了以下结论：(1)劳动时间投入主要受耕地资源条件的约束和影响；(2)对流动资本投入决策影响最大的是耕地上一期的投资收益；(3)固定资本投入受农户地权预期和耕地面积的显著影响；(4)政府对农户的指导对农户的技术投入影响最突出。
依据以上研究结论,可以提出几点建议：(1)建立农户投入的补偿机制,提高农户耕地保护性投入的积极性；(2)增加对农户的技术指导和教育培训,提高农业生产的技术水平；(3)探索提高农业比较收益的方式,完善农地流转制度。
China is a large agricultural country, agricultural production is an important aspect of the national economy, and it is directly related to national food security and stable development of the economy. There are many factors affecting agricultural development, among this, farmers' investment on rural land is a key element to ensure the supply of agricultural products. In the late 1970s, land reform of rural areas has made the original collective land ownership into a unified management system of collective ownership. The change has stimulated farmers to produce energetically, driven in this reform agricultural economy has greatly improved. This confirms the arrangements for the land system have an important impact on arable land investment, but this effect can be an inspiration or a limit of investment. With the development of economy and society, the incomplete property has caused the constraints of agricultural production. Because the comparative efficiency of agricultural is lower than the non-agricultural sector, farmers inspiration of making input to arable land is not high, but the short-term inputs of fertilizer and pesticides increased, while organic manure inputs reduced, and the soil quality is worrying. Therefore, the effect of stability of land ownership on the farmers’land investment has been studied. This paper has analyzed on the rural land investments of different kinds, the input wishes of the regional farmers and farmers' investment behavior, for the sake of finding a institutional arrangements which could be more conducive to long-term investment and technology investment and have incentive influence on farmers agricultural inputs. The conclusion can also provide a reliable reference of the sustainable use of arable land and the protection of national food security.
The study in this paper is based on the theory of the investment regular of cultivated land, and the theoretical model has been built to analyze all the factors which impact on the investments. After that, the survey data of Deyang City in sichuan province has been used to analyze the sample of households of the land system of regional arrangements, farmers'will of investment and the investment behavior. By using multiple linear regression, Tobit model and Logistic model, the inputs to farmers from different types has been quantitative analyzed. The conclusion has been made to sum up the influential factors of the arable land inputs. Finally, suggestions and reasonable countermeasure has been made to encourage farmers for agricultural inputs.
Through theoretical analysis and model testing, this paper's reached the following conclusions:(1) Labor time investment is mainly constrained by the conditions of land resources; (2) Investment income of the last year effect significantly on the short capital investment decisions; (3) Fixed capital investment is affected by the expected of land ownership and the cultivated area; (4) The government's guidance on the farmers has most prominent impacts on technology investment.
Based on the above conclusions, we can make some suggestions:(1) Establish a compensation mechanism linked with the favorable investment of farmers, enhance the protection of cultivated land; (2) Increase farmer's technical guidance, education and training, to improve agricultural production technology; (3) Explore ways to improve agricultural comparative income, improve the circulation system of agricultural land.
本文在农户生产及行为理论的基础上,构建了耕地投入影响因素的理论框架。然后,以四川省德阳市的调查数据为基础,分析了样本区域的基本情况,农户对耕地的投入意愿和投入行为。通过多元线性回归、Tobit模型、Logistic模型对农户的不同投入类型进行了定量的分析,在模型检验结果的基础上总结农户耕地投入的影响因素。最后,提出激励农户进行合理农业投入的对策和建议。
通过理论的分析和模型的检验,本文主要的得出了以下结论：(1)劳动时间投入主要受耕地资源条件的约束和影响；(2)对流动资本投入决策影响最大的是耕地上一期的投资收益；(3)固定资本投入受农户地权预期和耕地面积的显著影响；(4)政府对农户的指导对农户的技术投入影响最突出。
依据以上研究结论,可以提出几点建议：(1)建立农户投入的补偿机制,提高农户耕地保护性投入的积极性；(2)增加对农户的技术指导和教育培训,提高农业生产的技术水平；(3)探索提高农业比较收益的方式,完善农地流转制度。
China is a large agricultural country, agricultural production is an important aspect of the national economy, and it is directly related to national food security and stable development of the economy. There are many factors affecting agricultural development, among this, farmers' investment on rural land is a key element to ensure the supply of agricultural products. In the late 1970s, land reform of rural areas has made the original collective land ownership into a unified management system of collective ownership. The change has stimulated farmers to produce energetically, driven in this reform agricultural economy has greatly improved. This confirms the arrangements for the land system have an important impact on arable land investment, but this effect can be an inspiration or a limit of investment. With the development of economy and society, the incomplete property has caused the constraints of agricultural production. Because the comparative efficiency of agricultural is lower than the non-agricultural sector, farmers inspiration of making input to arable land is not high, but the short-term inputs of fertilizer and pesticides increased, while organic manure inputs reduced, and the soil quality is worrying. Therefore, the effect of stability of land ownership on the farmers’land investment has been studied. This paper has analyzed on the rural land investments of different kinds, the input wishes of the regional farmers and farmers' investment behavior, for the sake of finding a institutional arrangements which could be more conducive to long-term investment and technology investment and have incentive influence on farmers agricultural inputs. The conclusion can also provide a reliable reference of the sustainable use of arable land and the protection of national food security.
The study in this paper is based on the theory of the investment regular of cultivated land, and the theoretical model has been built to analyze all the factors which impact on the investments. After that, the survey data of Deyang City in sichuan province has been used to analyze the sample of households of the land system of regional arrangements, farmers'will of investment and the investment behavior. By using multiple linear regression, Tobit model and Logistic model, the inputs to farmers from different types has been quantitative analyzed. The conclusion has been made to sum up the influential factors of the arable land inputs. Finally, suggestions and reasonable countermeasure has been made to encourage farmers for agricultural inputs.
Through theoretical analysis and model testing, this paper's reached the following conclusions:(1) Labor time investment is mainly constrained by the conditions of land resources; (2) Investment income of the last year effect significantly on the short capital investment decisions; (3) Fixed capital investment is affected by the expected of land ownership and the cultivated area; (4) The government's guidance on the farmers has most prominent impacts on technology investment.
Based on the above conclusions, we can make some suggestions:(1) Establish a compensation mechanism linked with the favorable investment of farmers, enhance the protection of cultivated land; (2) Increase farmer's technical guidance, education and training, to improve agricultural production technology; (3) Explore ways to improve agricultural comparative income, improve the circulation system of agricultural land.
引文
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