铸铁件表面新型复合耐磨镀层的研究
|
摘要
本课题通过一系列的探索实验、分析实验和对比实验，研究和比较了
利用多弧-磁控离子镀工艺和离子渗-镀复合处理工艺在铸铁活塞环表面沉
积膜厚为4μm左右的TiN/TiCN九层复合膜层的可行性及优劣。通过计算
分析在铸铁基体上采用不同离子渗氮工艺的渗氮层表面硬度、表面不平
度、渗氮层深度和硬度梯度以及活塞环开口变化量的测量结果，比较了渗
氮时间、渗氮电流和渗氮温度三种工艺参数分别对渗氮层性能的影响规
律，从而选择出在铸铁基体上进行离子渗-镀复合处理工艺中的最佳离子
渗氮前处理工艺——渗氮时间、渗氮电流和渗氮温度分别为2小时、4A和
500℃。另外，通过对铸铁基体上采用多弧-磁控离子镀工艺沉积的单层TiCN
膜层的组织、相结构与性能测量结果的分析，比较了采用两种反应气体丙
烷（C_3H_8）与氮气（N_2）的不同分压比对TiCN膜层的显微硬度和膜-基复合
强度的影响规律，并对膜层显微硬度和膜-基复合强度分别最佳的TiCN膜
层进行了模拟磨损对比实验，从而确定出在铸铁基体上制备最佳TiCN膜
层性能的丙烷（C_3H_8）与氮气（N_2）的分压比为1:3。最后，通过对比采用
离子渗-镀复合处理工艺、未经离子渗氮处理的多弧-磁控离子镀工艺制备
的4μm左右的TiN/TiCN九层复合膜层与原有多弧-磁控离子镀工艺制备
的4μm左右的Ti/TiN九层复合膜层的铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副的模拟磨
损实验结果，证明了采用离子渗-镀复合处理的工艺方法与TiN/TiCN九层
复合镀层材料相结合的表面耐磨处理工艺是提高铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副
耐磨性能的优选工艺，并从理论上剖析了铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副总磨损
量减小的本质原因，从而证实了改善铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副抗摩擦磨损
性能的重要途径是通过优化耐磨镀层与铸铁基体以及镀层层间结合界面处
的界面结构来减小膜-基内应力提高膜-基结合强度。
In this research, a series of experiments were carried out to investigate the
nine-layer coatings of T1N/TiCN of thickness of 4 ~t m on cast iron piston ring,
deposited by Multi-Arc Ion桵agnetron Plating and Ion Permeating桺lating
compound techniques, and analyze the influence of nitriding time, current and
temperature on the hardness, roughness, thickness, gradient of hardness of
nitriding surface and aperture changes of piston ring by the calculation method.
The experimental results show that the optimum nitriding time, current and
temperature is two hour, four ampere and five hundred centi-degree
respectively. In addition, sigle-layer coatings of TiCN were deposited on cast
iron substrate by Multi-Arc Ion桵agnetron Plating, and the microstructure,
phases and properties of coatings ~vere investigated. It was shown that the
optimum properties of TiCN coating was obtained when the ratio of gas
pressure of C3H8 and N2 was about 1:3. At last, by comparing the wear amounts
of cast iron piston ring-cylinder pair coated by nine-layer compound films of
T1NITiCN of thickness of 4 1-?m, employing Ion Permeating ?Plating
compound technique and Muiti-Arc Ion桵agnetron Plating of non- Ion
Permeating, and the wear amounts of cast iron piston ring-cylinder pair coated
by nine-layer compound films of Ti/TiN of thickness of 4 ii m by Multi-Arc Ion
桵agnetron Plating technique, it was proved that using Ion Permeating?
Plating compound technique to prepare the nine-layer compound coatings of
T1NITiCN of thickness of 41.1 m was the optimum wear resistant processing
method improving the wear resistance of cast iron piston ring-cylinder pair.
Moreover the intrinsic reasons of improvement of the wear resistance of cast
iron piston ring-cylinder pair were explained theoretically, and the most
important method improving the wear resistance of cast iron piston ring-
cylinder pair is to improve the microstructure and prase on the interface
between the film and substrate, resulting in the improvement of the compound
strength of the film and substrate.
利用多弧-磁控离子镀工艺和离子渗-镀复合处理工艺在铸铁活塞环表面沉
积膜厚为4μm左右的TiN/TiCN九层复合膜层的可行性及优劣。通过计算
分析在铸铁基体上采用不同离子渗氮工艺的渗氮层表面硬度、表面不平
度、渗氮层深度和硬度梯度以及活塞环开口变化量的测量结果，比较了渗
氮时间、渗氮电流和渗氮温度三种工艺参数分别对渗氮层性能的影响规
律，从而选择出在铸铁基体上进行离子渗-镀复合处理工艺中的最佳离子
渗氮前处理工艺——渗氮时间、渗氮电流和渗氮温度分别为2小时、4A和
500℃。另外，通过对铸铁基体上采用多弧-磁控离子镀工艺沉积的单层TiCN
膜层的组织、相结构与性能测量结果的分析，比较了采用两种反应气体丙
烷（C_3H_8）与氮气（N_2）的不同分压比对TiCN膜层的显微硬度和膜-基复合
强度的影响规律，并对膜层显微硬度和膜-基复合强度分别最佳的TiCN膜
层进行了模拟磨损对比实验，从而确定出在铸铁基体上制备最佳TiCN膜
层性能的丙烷（C_3H_8）与氮气（N_2）的分压比为1:3。最后，通过对比采用
离子渗-镀复合处理工艺、未经离子渗氮处理的多弧-磁控离子镀工艺制备
的4μm左右的TiN/TiCN九层复合膜层与原有多弧-磁控离子镀工艺制备
的4μm左右的Ti/TiN九层复合膜层的铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副的模拟磨
损实验结果，证明了采用离子渗-镀复合处理的工艺方法与TiN/TiCN九层
复合镀层材料相结合的表面耐磨处理工艺是提高铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副
耐磨性能的优选工艺，并从理论上剖析了铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副总磨损
量减小的本质原因，从而证实了改善铸铁活塞环-缸套摩擦副抗摩擦磨损
性能的重要途径是通过优化耐磨镀层与铸铁基体以及镀层层间结合界面处
的界面结构来减小膜-基内应力提高膜-基结合强度。
In this research, a series of experiments were carried out to investigate the
nine-layer coatings of T1N/TiCN of thickness of 4 ~t m on cast iron piston ring,
deposited by Multi-Arc Ion桵agnetron Plating and Ion Permeating桺lating
compound techniques, and analyze the influence of nitriding time, current and
temperature on the hardness, roughness, thickness, gradient of hardness of
nitriding surface and aperture changes of piston ring by the calculation method.
The experimental results show that the optimum nitriding time, current and
temperature is two hour, four ampere and five hundred centi-degree
respectively. In addition, sigle-layer coatings of TiCN were deposited on cast
iron substrate by Multi-Arc Ion桵agnetron Plating, and the microstructure,
phases and properties of coatings ~vere investigated. It was shown that the
optimum properties of TiCN coating was obtained when the ratio of gas
pressure of C3H8 and N2 was about 1:3. At last, by comparing the wear amounts
of cast iron piston ring-cylinder pair coated by nine-layer compound films of
T1NITiCN of thickness of 4 1-?m, employing Ion Permeating ?Plating
compound technique and Muiti-Arc Ion桵agnetron Plating of non- Ion
Permeating, and the wear amounts of cast iron piston ring-cylinder pair coated
by nine-layer compound films of Ti/TiN of thickness of 4 ii m by Multi-Arc Ion
桵agnetron Plating technique, it was proved that using Ion Permeating?
Plating compound technique to prepare the nine-layer compound coatings of
T1NITiCN of thickness of 41.1 m was the optimum wear resistant processing
method improving the wear resistance of cast iron piston ring-cylinder pair.
Moreover the intrinsic reasons of improvement of the wear resistance of cast
iron piston ring-cylinder pair were explained theoretically, and the most
important method improving the wear resistance of cast iron piston ring-
cylinder pair is to improve the microstructure and prase on the interface
between the film and substrate, resulting in the improvement of the compound
strength of the film and substrate.
引文
[1] 张英才，鹿云，张厚君，林杰．活塞环的摩擦学问题及其对策．汽车工艺与材料．2000，2：15～ 20
[2] 支德瑜．铸铁件及其应用，汽车工艺与材料，2000，6：1
[3] 万宇杰，柴苍修，潘牧．活塞环表面处理技术回顾与展望．汽车工艺与材料．1998，12：1～5
[4] Lyubimov V V，Voevodin A A．活塞环物理气相沉积多层涂层的研究．国外内燃机．1993，6：38
[5] 李健，韦习成，顾卡丽，李仕忠．国内外表面处理研究的现状．材料保护．1996，29，10：19～21
[6] Liu Xianghuai．Recent Advance in Surface Treatment and its Applications in China．1999， 9
[7] 沈启贤．气相沉积硬涂层复合化．中国重型汽车集团公司技术发展中心．1
[8] Su Y．L．，Kao W．H．Optimum mulitilayer TiN／TiCN coatings for wear resistance and actual application．Wear．Dec 1998，119～130
[9] Lin P．W．Design and performance analysis of TiCN coated cemented carbide milling cutters．Surface Engineering．1999，15，1：30
[10] 范叔平，宁兆元，杨礼富，薛青，金宗命．偏压对多弧离子镀TiN 膜层的影响．表面技术．1997， 26，1：8
[11] 庄大明，刘家浚，朱宝亮．薄膜的应力状态对摩擦学性能的影响．摩擦学学报．1996，16，4：312～ 320
[12] 曲喜新．薄膜物理．1995，7． 上海科学技术出版社．
[13] 北京大学数学力学系数学专业概率统计组．正交设计．1977，1． 人民教育出版社．127～145
[14] 闻立时等．Ti-N 系薄膜结构研究的若干问题．材料保护．1992，25，2：6
[2] 支德瑜．铸铁件及其应用，汽车工艺与材料，2000，6：1
[3] 万宇杰，柴苍修，潘牧．活塞环表面处理技术回顾与展望．汽车工艺与材料．1998，12：1～5
[4] Lyubimov V V，Voevodin A A．活塞环物理气相沉积多层涂层的研究．国外内燃机．1993，6：38
[5] 李健，韦习成，顾卡丽，李仕忠．国内外表面处理研究的现状．材料保护．1996，29，10：19～21
[6] Liu Xianghuai．Recent Advance in Surface Treatment and its Applications in China．1999， 9
[7] 沈启贤．气相沉积硬涂层复合化．中国重型汽车集团公司技术发展中心．1
[8] Su Y．L．，Kao W．H．Optimum mulitilayer TiN／TiCN coatings for wear resistance and actual application．Wear．Dec 1998，119～130
[9] Lin P．W．Design and performance analysis of TiCN coated cemented carbide milling cutters．Surface Engineering．1999，15，1：30
[10] 范叔平，宁兆元，杨礼富，薛青，金宗命．偏压对多弧离子镀TiN 膜层的影响．表面技术．1997， 26，1：8
[11] 庄大明，刘家浚，朱宝亮．薄膜的应力状态对摩擦学性能的影响．摩擦学学报．1996，16，4：312～ 320
[12] 曲喜新．薄膜物理．1995，7． 上海科学技术出版社．
[13] 北京大学数学力学系数学专业概率统计组．正交设计．1977，1． 人民教育出版社．127～145
[14] 闻立时等．Ti-N 系薄膜结构研究的若干问题．材料保护．1992，25，2：6