无线传感器网络的网内数据聚集关键技术研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络是一种新兴的,但极具发展潜力的网络技术,作为沟通客观物理世界和主观感知世界的载体与桥梁,无线传感器网络是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术,是信息感知和采集的一场革命。数据聚集技术是无线传感器网络技术的基础,是网络支撑技术的重要组成,是收集传感器节点所在监测区域的物理信息,并在无线传感器网络内部将数据向上传递的一项融合性技术。本论文针对无线传感器网络数据聚集技术的研究内容主要从空间和时间两个方面考虑,提出从数据感知到网络协议的多个层面的计算模型和数据聚集方案。主要创新点如下：
(1)根据无线传感器网络中最为普遍的传感器节点感知模式,在数据感知层分析感知数据的相关特性,提出一种计算复杂度低、参数可配置的基于空间位置的传感器节点感知数据相关度计算模型,实现了不同空间位置的传感器节点之间感知数据的相关度的快速计算,适用于多种数据处理手段,能够为网络中的协议设计、路由规划、数据压缩策略等实现方案提供相关度参量。通过仿真实验验证了该模型针对全向布尔感知模式的准确性和有效性。
(2)利用感知数据之间的相关度模型,提出了基于空间位置和时间间隔的汇聚数据失真系统结构和分析方法,并以网络能够容忍的汇聚数据最大失真为条件,推导出两个网络最优配置参数,即簇内最优传感器节点数量和传感器节点向汇聚节点汇报感知数据的最优频率,能够消除无线传感器网络中由于传感器节点自身硬件特性及感知模式差异造成的数据聚集过程中的感知层失真。通过仿真实验验证了相关度模型以及不同网络配置参数对失真程度的影响。
(3)提出了无线传感器网络中采用发布／订阅机制的数据聚集新的系统体系及工作模式,提出了数据交互流程、信息格式定义及总体软件架构,能够快速、精确、高效地将大量数据过滤和发送给多个用户,提高感知信息的数据粒度,减少无用数据的发送,提高能量有效性,保证用户智能便捷的获取无线传感器网络感知数据。
(4)利用由汇聚数据失真分析得到的最优网络配置参数,提出了一种适用于发布/订阅机制的无线令牌环媒体接入控制协议,从根本上消除了数据碰撞,实现了网络调度的及时调整及灵活的网络接入控制,提高了网络的业务区分性和能量有效性,通过仿真实验验证了该媒体接入控制协议的能量有效性、时延特性及网络吞吐量特性的优越性。
WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) is a newly emerging network technology with huge development potential. As a carrier or bridge of communicating between objective physical and subjective sensing worlds, WSN is a newly information acquiring and processing technology, and which is also a revolution of information sensing and collection. Data aggregation technology is an important content of WSN network support technology, and a foundation of WSN technology research. Data aggregation is a integrated technology, that the main task is collecting the physical information in the sensor nodes monitoring area, and transmitting the data to the upper nodes in the networks. We have researched the in-networking data aggregation technology with considering the spatial and temporal data characteristics, and proposed calculation models and aggregation solutions for the data aggregation system from data sensing layer to network protocol layer. The main innovation ideas as follows:
(1) Based on the most common sensing mode of WSN sensor nodes, we analyze the correlation characteristics of the sensing data; propose a calculation model of sensing data correlation based on nodes spatial positions, which has low computation complexity and the parameters are configurable. The calculation model achieves rapid calculation of data correlation between the sensor nodes in different spatial positions and provides a correlation parameter for a variety of data processing methods, such as network protocol design, route planning, and data compression strategies and so on. The simulation results prove the accuracy and efficiency of the model based on Omni-directional Boolean sensing model.
(2) Based on spatial position and temporal interval, we propose system frame and analysis method of aggregated data distortion by using the correlation model between sensing data. Then under the conditions of the maximum distortion which could be tolerated by the network, we derive two optimal network configure parameters, which are the optimal number of sensor nodes in a cluster and the optimal frequency of sensor nodes report to sink node. The sending layer distortion caused by sensor nodes hardware property and sensing mode difference is eliminated in the process of WSN data aggregation. The simulation results show the infection of distortion from correlation model and different network configuration parameters.
(3) A systematic and new method of WSN data aggregation by using publish/subscribe mechanism is proposed. And based on the system, we propose data interaction process, information format define, and software frame. By using the publish/subscribe data aggregation method, massive data can be send to multi-users in a fast, accurate, and effective way, and data granularity of sensing data is enhanced, the transmission of useless data is reduced, the energy effectiveness is improved, the users' acquirement of sensing data is more easily and intelligent in WSN.
(4) Based on the optimal network configure parameters from aggregation data distortion analysis, we propose a wireless token-ring MAC protocol which is suitable for publish/subscribe mechanism. This protocol eliminates data collision, achieves in-timing scheduling adjustment and inflexible access control, and improves network service differentiation and energy efficiency. The simulation results prove the performances of energy efficiency, transmission delay and network throughput.
(1)根据无线传感器网络中最为普遍的传感器节点感知模式,在数据感知层分析感知数据的相关特性,提出一种计算复杂度低、参数可配置的基于空间位置的传感器节点感知数据相关度计算模型,实现了不同空间位置的传感器节点之间感知数据的相关度的快速计算,适用于多种数据处理手段,能够为网络中的协议设计、路由规划、数据压缩策略等实现方案提供相关度参量。通过仿真实验验证了该模型针对全向布尔感知模式的准确性和有效性。
(2)利用感知数据之间的相关度模型,提出了基于空间位置和时间间隔的汇聚数据失真系统结构和分析方法,并以网络能够容忍的汇聚数据最大失真为条件,推导出两个网络最优配置参数,即簇内最优传感器节点数量和传感器节点向汇聚节点汇报感知数据的最优频率,能够消除无线传感器网络中由于传感器节点自身硬件特性及感知模式差异造成的数据聚集过程中的感知层失真。通过仿真实验验证了相关度模型以及不同网络配置参数对失真程度的影响。
(3)提出了无线传感器网络中采用发布／订阅机制的数据聚集新的系统体系及工作模式,提出了数据交互流程、信息格式定义及总体软件架构,能够快速、精确、高效地将大量数据过滤和发送给多个用户,提高感知信息的数据粒度,减少无用数据的发送,提高能量有效性,保证用户智能便捷的获取无线传感器网络感知数据。
(4)利用由汇聚数据失真分析得到的最优网络配置参数,提出了一种适用于发布/订阅机制的无线令牌环媒体接入控制协议,从根本上消除了数据碰撞,实现了网络调度的及时调整及灵活的网络接入控制,提高了网络的业务区分性和能量有效性,通过仿真实验验证了该媒体接入控制协议的能量有效性、时延特性及网络吞吐量特性的优越性。
WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) is a newly emerging network technology with huge development potential. As a carrier or bridge of communicating between objective physical and subjective sensing worlds, WSN is a newly information acquiring and processing technology, and which is also a revolution of information sensing and collection. Data aggregation technology is an important content of WSN network support technology, and a foundation of WSN technology research. Data aggregation is a integrated technology, that the main task is collecting the physical information in the sensor nodes monitoring area, and transmitting the data to the upper nodes in the networks. We have researched the in-networking data aggregation technology with considering the spatial and temporal data characteristics, and proposed calculation models and aggregation solutions for the data aggregation system from data sensing layer to network protocol layer. The main innovation ideas as follows:
(1) Based on the most common sensing mode of WSN sensor nodes, we analyze the correlation characteristics of the sensing data; propose a calculation model of sensing data correlation based on nodes spatial positions, which has low computation complexity and the parameters are configurable. The calculation model achieves rapid calculation of data correlation between the sensor nodes in different spatial positions and provides a correlation parameter for a variety of data processing methods, such as network protocol design, route planning, and data compression strategies and so on. The simulation results prove the accuracy and efficiency of the model based on Omni-directional Boolean sensing model.
(2) Based on spatial position and temporal interval, we propose system frame and analysis method of aggregated data distortion by using the correlation model between sensing data. Then under the conditions of the maximum distortion which could be tolerated by the network, we derive two optimal network configure parameters, which are the optimal number of sensor nodes in a cluster and the optimal frequency of sensor nodes report to sink node. The sending layer distortion caused by sensor nodes hardware property and sensing mode difference is eliminated in the process of WSN data aggregation. The simulation results show the infection of distortion from correlation model and different network configuration parameters.
(3) A systematic and new method of WSN data aggregation by using publish/subscribe mechanism is proposed. And based on the system, we propose data interaction process, information format define, and software frame. By using the publish/subscribe data aggregation method, massive data can be send to multi-users in a fast, accurate, and effective way, and data granularity of sensing data is enhanced, the transmission of useless data is reduced, the energy effectiveness is improved, the users' acquirement of sensing data is more easily and intelligent in WSN.
(4) Based on the optimal network configure parameters from aggregation data distortion analysis, we propose a wireless token-ring MAC protocol which is suitable for publish/subscribe mechanism. This protocol eliminates data collision, achieves in-timing scheduling adjustment and inflexible access control, and improves network service differentiation and energy efficiency. The simulation results prove the performances of energy efficiency, transmission delay and network throughput.
引文
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