黑启动过程中网络重构策略的研究
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摘要
电力系统黑启动是电力系统因故障全停后,系统再启动的恢复过程。通常将系统恢复过程分为黑启动、网架重构和负荷恢复三个阶段。其中网架重构阶段一般分为建立最优目标网架和确定恢复到最优目标网架的顺序两个步骤。鉴于网架重构在系统恢复过程中的重要性和问题自身的复杂性,本文主要研究最优目标网架的建立问题。文中对网络重构问题建立了以负荷恢复为目标的数学模型,将其表示为非线性优化问题,将离散粒子群优化算法应用于此模型,进而对问题求解,找到目标网。本文还就网络重构过程对黑启动方案制定的影响进行了分析讨论。最后以IEEE30和IEEE57节点系统作为算例,验证了本文算法的有效性。
Black-start is the process of the system restoration after blackout of the entire power system. The restoration process is usually divided into three stages: black-start, network reconfiguration and load restoration. The network reconfiguration consists of two sequential steps: the first step is to determine an optimal target network as restoration guidance and the second to make up the sequence of switching operations (restoration procedure) to bring a faulted system into the obtained optimal target system while maintaining a certain level of security. This paper is mainly concerned with the first step due to its primal importance and inherent complexity. The network reconfiguration is treated as a nonlinear optimization problem with an objective function to maximize the proportion of important load restoration. The problem is solved by a discrete particle-swarm optimization algorithm. The paper also discusses the influences of network reconfiguration on determination of black-start plans. The effectiveness of the propose algorithm is validated by the numerical results on the IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE57-bus system.
Black-start is the process of the system restoration after blackout of the entire power system. The restoration process is usually divided into three stages: black-start, network reconfiguration and load restoration. The network reconfiguration consists of two sequential steps: the first step is to determine an optimal target network as restoration guidance and the second to make up the sequence of switching operations (restoration procedure) to bring a faulted system into the obtained optimal target system while maintaining a certain level of security. This paper is mainly concerned with the first step due to its primal importance and inherent complexity. The network reconfiguration is treated as a nonlinear optimization problem with an objective function to maximize the proportion of important load restoration. The problem is solved by a discrete particle-swarm optimization algorithm. The paper also discusses the influences of network reconfiguration on determination of black-start plans. The effectiveness of the propose algorithm is validated by the numerical results on the IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE57-bus system.
引文
[1] U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force.Final Report on the August 14,2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada.https://reports.energy.gov/.
[2] NERC.NETC Planning Standards, 1997, North American Electric Reliability Council
[3] 中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.DL/T 723-2000.电力系统安全稳定控制技术导则.北京:中国电力出版社,2001
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[5] 高远望,顾雪平,刘艳,等.电力系统黑启动方案的自动生成与评估.电力系统自动化,2004,28(13):50-54,84
[6] 苏德生,顾雪平,赵书强,等.河北南网黑启动决策支持系统的研究开发.电力系统自动化,2004,28(12):45-50
[7] 张玉琼,顾雪平.基于随机统计分析的黑启动操作过电压的计算校验.电工技术学报,2005,20(5):92-97
[8] Kafuka R J,et al.Role of interactive computers in the development of a system restoration plan.IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus & Systems. 1983,101(1):43-52
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[12] 夏少连,李国柱.华中网调黑启动方案的编制.华中电力,2002,15:76-80
[13] 李文云,杨强,李玲芳,等.云南电网“黑启动”及快速恢复方案探讨.云南电力技术,2002,30(4):1-4,12
[14] 杨明辉,程慈源.山东电网黑启动基本原则.山东电力技术,2002(3):24-27
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[16] ADIBI M M,ALEXANDER R W,AVRAMOVIC B.Overvoltage Control during Restoration.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,7(4):1464-1470
[17] 周云海,闵勇.负荷的快速恢复算法研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):74-79
[18] Hong-Chan Chin,Yuh-Sheng Su.Application of the Ant-Based Network for Power System Restoration . 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition:Asia and Pacific
[19] 谌军,曾勇刚,杨晋柏,等.南方电网黑启动方案.电力系统自动化,2006,30(9):80-83,87
[20] 于雨,陈云山,王大为.电网连通性检测方法的探讨.电力学报,1999,14(3):183-188
[21] 耿素云.集合论与图论.北京:北京大学出版社,1996
[22] 贾进章,刘剑,宋寿森.基于邻接矩阵图的连通性判定准则.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(2):158-160
[23] 龙亚.图的连通性算法探讨.毕节师范高等专科学校学报,2002,20(1)
[24] 刘艳,顾雪平.评估黑启动方案的层次化数据包络分析方法.电力系统自动化,2006,30(21):33-38
[25] Srinivas M,Patnaik L M.Genetic algorithms:a survey.Computer,1994,17-26
[26] http://reinforcementlearning.ai-depot.com/(Z/OL)
[27] Wilson E O.Sociobiology:the new synthesis.MA: Belknap Press,1975
[28] Eberhart R and Kennedy J. A new optimizer using particle swarm theory,Proc. 6 Int.Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science,1995,pp. 39-43
[29] Millonas M M. Swarms,phase transition,and collective intelligence.In C. G. Langton,(Eds.),Artificial life III. Addison-Wesley,MA,1994
[30] Kennedy J.The particle swarm:social adaptation of knowledge.Proceedings of the 4th IEEE ICEC,Indianapolis,April 14-16,1997,pp.303-308
[31] Kennedy J,Eberhart R C.A discrete binary version of the particle swarm algorithm [A]. Proceedings of the World Multi-conference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics [C].Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Service Center,1997,4104-4109
[32] 刘涌,侯志俭,蒋传文.求解机组组合问题的改进离散粒子群算法.电力系统自动化,2006,30(4):35-39
[33] 许立雄,吕林,刘俊勇.基于改进粒子群优化算法的配电网络重构..电力系统自动化,2006,30(7):27-30,79
[34] Kennedy J and Eberhart R.Particle swarm optimization,IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (Perth,Australia),IEEE Service Center,Piscataway,NJ,1995,IV:1942-1948
[35] Carlisle A,Dozier G.. An off-the-shelf PSO.In Proceedings of the Particle Swarm Optimization Workshop,2001,1-6
[36] 陈震亦.粒子群优化算法研究及其在 TSP 问题中的应用:[硕士学位论文].福州:数学与计算机科技学院,2004
[37] 赵波,曹一家.电力系统机组组合问题的改进粒子群优化算法.电网技术,2004,28(21),6-10
[38] Eberhart R C,Shi Y.Particle swam optimization:developments,applications and resources.Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Service Center, 2001,81-86
[39] Shi Y, Eberhart R C. Parameter selection in particle swarm optimization [A] . Evolutionary Programming VⅡ : Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming [C],New York,1998
[40] http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/matpower.ht
[2] NERC.NETC Planning Standards, 1997, North American Electric Reliability Council
[3] 中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.DL/T 723-2000.电力系统安全稳定控制技术导则.北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[4] 顾雪平,赵书强,刘艳,等.一个实用的电力系统黑启动决策支持系统.电网技术,2004,28(9):54-57
[5] 高远望,顾雪平,刘艳,等.电力系统黑启动方案的自动生成与评估.电力系统自动化,2004,28(13):50-54,84
[6] 苏德生,顾雪平,赵书强,等.河北南网黑启动决策支持系统的研究开发.电力系统自动化,2004,28(12):45-50
[7] 张玉琼,顾雪平.基于随机统计分析的黑启动操作过电压的计算校验.电工技术学报,2005,20(5):92-97
[8] Kafuka R J,et al.Role of interactive computers in the development of a system restoration plan.IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus & Systems. 1983,101(1):43-52
[9] Delfino B,et al.Black-start and restoration of a part of the Italian HV network:modeling and simulation of a field test.IEEE Transaction on Power Systems,1996,11(3):1371-1379
[10] 房鑫炎,曾兆褀.电力系统黑启动的研究.中国电力,2000,33(1):40-43
[11] 江长明,闫贺群.华北电网黑启动试验.电力系统自动化,2000,24(22):57-58
[12] 夏少连,李国柱.华中网调黑启动方案的编制.华中电力,2002,15:76-80
[13] 李文云,杨强,李玲芳,等.云南电网“黑启动”及快速恢复方案探讨.云南电力技术,2002,30(4):1-4,12
[14] 杨明辉,程慈源.山东电网黑启动基本原则.山东电力技术,2002(3):24-27
[15] LINDSTORM R R.Simulation and Field Tests of the Black Start of a Large Coal-Fired Generating Station Utilizing Small Remote Hydro Generation.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1990,5(1):162-168
[16] ADIBI M M,ALEXANDER R W,AVRAMOVIC B.Overvoltage Control during Restoration.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,7(4):1464-1470
[17] 周云海,闵勇.负荷的快速恢复算法研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):74-79
[18] Hong-Chan Chin,Yuh-Sheng Su.Application of the Ant-Based Network for Power System Restoration . 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition:Asia and Pacific
[19] 谌军,曾勇刚,杨晋柏,等.南方电网黑启动方案.电力系统自动化,2006,30(9):80-83,87
[20] 于雨,陈云山,王大为.电网连通性检测方法的探讨.电力学报,1999,14(3):183-188
[21] 耿素云.集合论与图论.北京:北京大学出版社,1996
[22] 贾进章,刘剑,宋寿森.基于邻接矩阵图的连通性判定准则.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(2):158-160
[23] 龙亚.图的连通性算法探讨.毕节师范高等专科学校学报,2002,20(1)
[24] 刘艳,顾雪平.评估黑启动方案的层次化数据包络分析方法.电力系统自动化,2006,30(21):33-38
[25] Srinivas M,Patnaik L M.Genetic algorithms:a survey.Computer,1994,17-26
[26] http://reinforcementlearning.ai-depot.com/(Z/OL)
[27] Wilson E O.Sociobiology:the new synthesis.MA: Belknap Press,1975
[28] Eberhart R and Kennedy J. A new optimizer using particle swarm theory,Proc. 6 Int.Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science,1995,pp. 39-43
[29] Millonas M M. Swarms,phase transition,and collective intelligence.In C. G. Langton,(Eds.),Artificial life III. Addison-Wesley,MA,1994
[30] Kennedy J.The particle swarm:social adaptation of knowledge.Proceedings of the 4th IEEE ICEC,Indianapolis,April 14-16,1997,pp.303-308
[31] Kennedy J,Eberhart R C.A discrete binary version of the particle swarm algorithm [A]. Proceedings of the World Multi-conference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics [C].Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Service Center,1997,4104-4109
[32] 刘涌,侯志俭,蒋传文.求解机组组合问题的改进离散粒子群算法.电力系统自动化,2006,30(4):35-39
[33] 许立雄,吕林,刘俊勇.基于改进粒子群优化算法的配电网络重构..电力系统自动化,2006,30(7):27-30,79
[34] Kennedy J and Eberhart R.Particle swarm optimization,IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (Perth,Australia),IEEE Service Center,Piscataway,NJ,1995,IV:1942-1948
[35] Carlisle A,Dozier G.. An off-the-shelf PSO.In Proceedings of the Particle Swarm Optimization Workshop,2001,1-6
[36] 陈震亦.粒子群优化算法研究及其在 TSP 问题中的应用:[硕士学位论文].福州:数学与计算机科技学院,2004
[37] 赵波,曹一家.电力系统机组组合问题的改进粒子群优化算法.电网技术,2004,28(21),6-10
[38] Eberhart R C,Shi Y.Particle swam optimization:developments,applications and resources.Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Service Center, 2001,81-86
[39] Shi Y, Eberhart R C. Parameter selection in particle swarm optimization [A] . Evolutionary Programming VⅡ : Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming [C],New York,1998
[40] http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/matpower.ht