深部矿柱失稳三维探查及数值分析
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摘要
矿柱是矿山地下工程岩体结构中的重要组成部分。不少矿山产生较大的地压直接与矿柱破坏相关。因此,矿柱的稳定性研究不仅对矿山开采具有理论上的意义,而且对搞好矿山安全管理,维护矿山的正常生产秩序具有重要的现实意义。
目前,冬瓜山铜矿由于采用“隔一采一”方式回采,形成了一侧临空矿柱,其失稳破坏问题日益突出。本文针对冬瓜山铜矿深部矿柱失稳破坏的实际问题,紧密结合科研课题“冬瓜山铜矿采空区三维精密探测技术研究”,在系统查阅和分析国内外深井开采矿柱稳定性相关文献资料的基础上,综合运用采空区三维探测技术、三维建模技术和数值模拟技术开展了以下研究：
(1)采用空区三维激光探测技术CMS系统对矿柱失稳破坏形成的垮塌区进行动态监测,以实测数据为依据,运用Surpac矿业建模软件快速而准确地获取了垮塌区的三维形态,并建立了矿柱垮塌区的三维实体模型。
(2)依据所构建的垮塌区和矿柱垮塌区的三维实体模型,准确确定了矿柱垮塌区的空间位置和范围,并通过可视化计算,获得了垮塌区和矿柱垮塌区的体积、垮塌区顶板暴露面积和矿柱垮塌量。
(3)采用有限元软件RFPA对一侧临空矿柱的损伤失稳过程进行模拟,通过声发射特性分析,反演矿柱内裂纹萌生、扩展到贯通的全过程,初步揭示了深部矿柱失稳破坏的机理。
(4)运用Phase2数值软件,开展了相邻矿房回采过程对基于空区实测的一侧临空矿柱稳定性影响的数值模拟研究,通过应力、位移、屈服单元等参数的分析,获得了矿柱内受力变形的基本规律。
(5)根据数值模拟分析结果,并结合现场探测结果,对矿柱失稳的原因进行了分析,提出了矿柱失稳的安全管理控制措施。
研究成果对矿山根据实际情况安排回采方式,有效的预测分析矿柱的安全性,避免灾害发生,保障安全高效开采具有现实的指导意义。
In some mines, the great ground pressure appeared is directly related with the unstable pillars, which are important parts of rock mass structure. Therefore, the study of pillars'stability not only provides theoretical significance for mining, but also has important practical sense in improving safety management and maintenance of normal mine production safety.
At present, owing to mining of "take one every the other one", one side of the pillars is facing space, and the pillars'instability problem is increasing. Aiming at the problem of pillars in deep well of Dongguashan Copper Mine, closely combining the research project "the application and study of Dongguashan Copper Mine cavity 3D monitoring technology", based on consulting and analyzing relevant literature about deep mining pillars'stability at home and abroad, the research was carried out with the technology of cavity 3D detection,3D modeling and numerical simulation as follows:
(1)The collapse zone formed by the instable pillar has been being detected by 3D Cavity Monitoring System (CMS). According to the data, the 3D solid models of collapse zone and the pillar's collapse area were obtained rapidly and accurately through mining software Surpac.
(2)According to the 3D solid models, the location and the scope of the collapse zone were accurately confirmed, the volume and the amount of the collapse area in pillar were calculated and gained.
(3)RFPA was adopted to simulate the damaging process of the pillar(one side is facing space and the other is solid), through analyzing the acoustic emission characteristics, the process of crack from initiation to extending to run through inside the pillar is inversion, and the destruction mechanism of deep pillar was revealed preliminarily.
(4)Based on the detected cavity, using Phase2 to study about the pillar's stability influenced by the adjacent stope mining, and the parameters including stress, displacement and yield unit were analyzed, also the deformation law of the pillar was obtained.
(5)With the numerical simulation results, linking with the detection outcome, the cause of the pillar's failure was analyzed, and safety management and control measures about pillar's failure were proposed.
The research results have important practical significance in arranging mining mode, effectively predicting and analysis of pillar's safety, avoiding disaster occurring, safely and efficiently exploitation of mine.
目前,冬瓜山铜矿由于采用“隔一采一”方式回采,形成了一侧临空矿柱,其失稳破坏问题日益突出。本文针对冬瓜山铜矿深部矿柱失稳破坏的实际问题,紧密结合科研课题“冬瓜山铜矿采空区三维精密探测技术研究”,在系统查阅和分析国内外深井开采矿柱稳定性相关文献资料的基础上,综合运用采空区三维探测技术、三维建模技术和数值模拟技术开展了以下研究：
(1)采用空区三维激光探测技术CMS系统对矿柱失稳破坏形成的垮塌区进行动态监测,以实测数据为依据,运用Surpac矿业建模软件快速而准确地获取了垮塌区的三维形态,并建立了矿柱垮塌区的三维实体模型。
(2)依据所构建的垮塌区和矿柱垮塌区的三维实体模型,准确确定了矿柱垮塌区的空间位置和范围,并通过可视化计算,获得了垮塌区和矿柱垮塌区的体积、垮塌区顶板暴露面积和矿柱垮塌量。
(3)采用有限元软件RFPA对一侧临空矿柱的损伤失稳过程进行模拟,通过声发射特性分析,反演矿柱内裂纹萌生、扩展到贯通的全过程,初步揭示了深部矿柱失稳破坏的机理。
(4)运用Phase2数值软件,开展了相邻矿房回采过程对基于空区实测的一侧临空矿柱稳定性影响的数值模拟研究,通过应力、位移、屈服单元等参数的分析,获得了矿柱内受力变形的基本规律。
(5)根据数值模拟分析结果,并结合现场探测结果,对矿柱失稳的原因进行了分析,提出了矿柱失稳的安全管理控制措施。
研究成果对矿山根据实际情况安排回采方式,有效的预测分析矿柱的安全性,避免灾害发生,保障安全高效开采具有现实的指导意义。
In some mines, the great ground pressure appeared is directly related with the unstable pillars, which are important parts of rock mass structure. Therefore, the study of pillars'stability not only provides theoretical significance for mining, but also has important practical sense in improving safety management and maintenance of normal mine production safety.
At present, owing to mining of "take one every the other one", one side of the pillars is facing space, and the pillars'instability problem is increasing. Aiming at the problem of pillars in deep well of Dongguashan Copper Mine, closely combining the research project "the application and study of Dongguashan Copper Mine cavity 3D monitoring technology", based on consulting and analyzing relevant literature about deep mining pillars'stability at home and abroad, the research was carried out with the technology of cavity 3D detection,3D modeling and numerical simulation as follows:
(1)The collapse zone formed by the instable pillar has been being detected by 3D Cavity Monitoring System (CMS). According to the data, the 3D solid models of collapse zone and the pillar's collapse area were obtained rapidly and accurately through mining software Surpac.
(2)According to the 3D solid models, the location and the scope of the collapse zone were accurately confirmed, the volume and the amount of the collapse area in pillar were calculated and gained.
(3)RFPA was adopted to simulate the damaging process of the pillar(one side is facing space and the other is solid), through analyzing the acoustic emission characteristics, the process of crack from initiation to extending to run through inside the pillar is inversion, and the destruction mechanism of deep pillar was revealed preliminarily.
(4)Based on the detected cavity, using Phase2 to study about the pillar's stability influenced by the adjacent stope mining, and the parameters including stress, displacement and yield unit were analyzed, also the deformation law of the pillar was obtained.
(5)With the numerical simulation results, linking with the detection outcome, the cause of the pillar's failure was analyzed, and safety management and control measures about pillar's failure were proposed.
The research results have important practical significance in arranging mining mode, effectively predicting and analysis of pillar's safety, avoiding disaster occurring, safely and efficiently exploitation of mine.
引文
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