倾斜中厚磷矿床崩落法开采采场矿压显现及覆岩活动规律研究
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摘要
该文以云南磷化集团晋宁磷矿2号坑地下开采工程为背景,采用相似模型试验和数值模拟(Flac~(3D))相结合的方法,针对倾斜中厚磷矿体采用初步设计中的分段留矿—崩落法的可行性进行系统研究,揭示了采场顶板围岩的变形和破坏规律以及上覆岩层活动规律,验证了初步设计中开采方法在技术上的可行性,研究成果可为类似非金属矿床的开采所借鉴。论文的主要工作和取得的研究成果如下:
①对晋宁磷矿2号坑矿岩体物理力学性质进行了试验测试,获得了该矿区矿岩体的物理力学性质参数。
②根据晋宁磷矿2号坑矿体赋存条件及上覆岩层结构,以相似理论为基础,采用相似模拟实验,研究了采用分段留矿—崩落法开采倾斜中厚磷矿体的可行性,获得了开采过程中上覆岩层的活动规律。相似模型试验结果显示在设计范围(2220～2270m)开挖过程中,模型整体稳定,破坏形式以局部冒落为主,无大规模大范围下沉及破坏现象,说明初步设计的开采方案在技术上具有可行性。
③以有限差分理论为基础,采用数值模拟方法(Flac~(3D))对晋宁磷矿2号坑地下开采进程进行了数值模拟研究,获得了顶板围岩的应力、位移及变形破坏规律。数值模拟结果与相似模拟实验结果较为吻合:在设计范围开挖计算过程中,模拟计算模型整体稳定,初步设计的开采方案在技术上具有可行性。
This dissertation takes the second pit as the research object, which belongs to Linhua mining comPany in Yunnan province. A comprehensive research method, including similar material simulation experiment and numerical simulation method (Flac~(3D)) was used to analyze the feasibility that using Sublevel shrinkage caving method to mine the inclined and medium-thickness phosphate ore-body, then, the deformation and failure laws of the roof region’surrounding rock, and the surface subsidence rule are obtained. The research results verify the technical feasibility of mining method in preliminary design, and also can be used for reference for the study of the similar nonmetal deposit’s mining process. The main research work and achieved results of this dissertation are as follow:
①Through the measurement of the rock’s physical and mechanical properties in the second pit, the physical and mechanical properties of all kinds of rock distributed in the whole mining region are obtained.
②Combining the ore’s occurrence conditions, structure and mining process of the second pit, based on the similarity theory, a similar simulation experiment was used to study the feasibility that using improved sublevel shrinkage caving method to mine the inclined and medium-thickness phosphate ore-body. The similar simulation experiment results show that: During excavation in the design range (2220 ~ 2270m), the overall of model is stability, there’s no large-scale subsidence or damage and damage is mainly local caving. For a word, the mining plan in the preliminary design is technically feasible.
③Based on the finite element theory, the numerical simulation method (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, Flac~(3D)) was used to study the mining process in the second phosphate rock pit. The surrounding rock’s stress, displacement, and the law of deformation and failure are obtained. The numerical results is similar with Similar to the model test, it shows that: During excavation in the design range, the overall of model is stability. Preliminary design of the mining plan is technically feasible.
①对晋宁磷矿2号坑矿岩体物理力学性质进行了试验测试,获得了该矿区矿岩体的物理力学性质参数。
②根据晋宁磷矿2号坑矿体赋存条件及上覆岩层结构,以相似理论为基础,采用相似模拟实验,研究了采用分段留矿—崩落法开采倾斜中厚磷矿体的可行性,获得了开采过程中上覆岩层的活动规律。相似模型试验结果显示在设计范围(2220～2270m)开挖过程中,模型整体稳定,破坏形式以局部冒落为主,无大规模大范围下沉及破坏现象,说明初步设计的开采方案在技术上具有可行性。
③以有限差分理论为基础,采用数值模拟方法(Flac~(3D))对晋宁磷矿2号坑地下开采进程进行了数值模拟研究,获得了顶板围岩的应力、位移及变形破坏规律。数值模拟结果与相似模拟实验结果较为吻合:在设计范围开挖计算过程中,模拟计算模型整体稳定,初步设计的开采方案在技术上具有可行性。
This dissertation takes the second pit as the research object, which belongs to Linhua mining comPany in Yunnan province. A comprehensive research method, including similar material simulation experiment and numerical simulation method (Flac~(3D)) was used to analyze the feasibility that using Sublevel shrinkage caving method to mine the inclined and medium-thickness phosphate ore-body, then, the deformation and failure laws of the roof region’surrounding rock, and the surface subsidence rule are obtained. The research results verify the technical feasibility of mining method in preliminary design, and also can be used for reference for the study of the similar nonmetal deposit’s mining process. The main research work and achieved results of this dissertation are as follow:
①Through the measurement of the rock’s physical and mechanical properties in the second pit, the physical and mechanical properties of all kinds of rock distributed in the whole mining region are obtained.
②Combining the ore’s occurrence conditions, structure and mining process of the second pit, based on the similarity theory, a similar simulation experiment was used to study the feasibility that using improved sublevel shrinkage caving method to mine the inclined and medium-thickness phosphate ore-body. The similar simulation experiment results show that: During excavation in the design range (2220 ~ 2270m), the overall of model is stability, there’s no large-scale subsidence or damage and damage is mainly local caving. For a word, the mining plan in the preliminary design is technically feasible.
③Based on the finite element theory, the numerical simulation method (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, Flac~(3D)) was used to study the mining process in the second phosphate rock pit. The surrounding rock’s stress, displacement, and the law of deformation and failure are obtained. The numerical results is similar with Similar to the model test, it shows that: During excavation in the design range, the overall of model is stability. Preliminary design of the mining plan is technically feasible.
引文
[1]任清宇,姚金蕊.中国磷矿资源的特点与开发策略[J].矿业快报,2006,(2).
[2]龙涛.国内外磷矿开采技术的现状与展望[J].化工矿物与加工,2010,(1),37～38.
[3] J.Rostami, L.Ozdemir, D.M.Neil. Performance prediction[J]. Mining Engineering,1994,46(11):1263～1267.
[4] Gertsch,R.E. Mechanical mining. challenges and directions[J]. Mining Engineering. 1995,46(11):1250～1253.
[5] R.W. Lawrence, Michael Scheske. A method to calculate the neutralization potential of mining wastes[J]. Environmental Geology. 1997,32(2):100～106.
[6] Zuo.X,Wang.Y,Zhang.X. Mining method decision support system ingently inclined coal seams[J]. Mine Planning And Equipment Selection～International Symposium. 1997,6th.
[7] F. G .Bell,T.R.Stacey,D.D. Genske.Mining subsidence and its effecton the environment:some difering examples[J]. Environmental Geology. 2000,40(1):135～152.
[8] A.R.Mattis,G.D.Zaitsev. Design of excavator of great unit power for rock mining without blasting[J]. Journal of Mining Science. 2000,36(6):562～566.
[9] P.V.Egorov,S.I.Kalinin,B.P.Agudalin. Technological and geomechanical Parameters of room～and～pillar system of mining a thick flat seam[J].Journal of Mining Science. 2001,37(10):472～474.
[10] M.A.Linkov. On the theory of pillar design[J]. Journal of Mining Science .2001,37(1):10～27.
[11] F.Bell,1.De Bruyn,T.Stacey. Some examples of the imPact of metalliferous mining on the environment:a South African perspective[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment..2002,61(1):1～20.
[12]周君才.评开阳磷矿现行采矿方法的改进方向[J].化工矿山技术,1982,(02):17～19.
[13]陈云鹤.对开阳磷矿采矿方法选择的浅见[J].化工矿山技术,1983 ,(03):49～50
[14]童长久.开阳磷矿采矿方法改进方案再探[J].化工矿物与加工,1984 ,(02):3～5.
[15]谢启元.对开阳磷矿出矿设备方案的探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1988 ,(03):27～29.
[16]周建昌,周麟,王学梁.宜昌神农磷矿采矿方法探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1989,(06):1～5.
[17]刘九珠.开阳磷矿采矿方法试验研究[J].化工矿山技术,1989,(05):6～10
[18]夏超,戴文达,赵玉茂等.黄梅磷矿倾针中厚矿体采矿方法的研究[J].化工矿山技术,1991,(05):48～49.
[19]高永涛.关于矾山磷矿采矿方法选择的探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1991,(03):56～58
[20]陈云鹤.对矾山磷矿采矿方法的探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1992,(03):30～32
[21]柴建设.对矾山磷矿采矿方法的再认识[J].化工矿山技术,1994,(02):53～55.
[22]任伍元.矾山磷矿首采中段采矿中有关技术问题的研究[J].化工矿山技术,1994,(03):
[23]王荣林.宜昌磷矿中磷层采矿方法及山体稳定性研究初探[J]. IM&P化工矿物与加工,2001,(06):18～21.
[24]杨玉学,刘恩东.河北矾山磷矿采矿方法的探讨[J].矿业快报,2008,(08):67～69.
[25]包东曙,杨立根,曾小石.长锚索预替顶充填采矿法试验研究[J].长沙矿山研究院季刊,1985.
[26]罗声运.采场顶板的相似模拟试验[J].矿业研究与开发. 1996,(3):27～30.
[27]王平,许梦国.武钢程潮铁矿充填采矿法开采的物理力学模型实验[J].采矿技术. 2006,(3):241～250.
[38]孙小岩,孙玉宁,王明中,周鸿超.大理石矿上水平房柱稳定性研究[J].矿业快报.. 2007,(10):19～21.
[29]李俊平,周创兵,冯长根.缓倾斜采空区处理的理论与实践[J].科技导报. 2009,(13):71～77.
[30]王新民,张钦礼,彭续承,欧阳年开.框架式大跨度矿房开采技术[J].中南工业大学学报. 1998,(1):14～17.
[31]徐东强,柴建设,彭永池.金厂峪金矿缓倾斜难采矿体采矿方法研究[J].有色矿山. 2000,(3):9～12.
[32]马建军,黄宝,江兵,周惠新,光正国.分段空场法侧向爆破抛掷出矿技术的研究[J].金属矿山. 2001,(4):5～9.
[33]李爱兵,李庶林,陈际经,袁节平.柿竹园多金属矿床开采方案确定的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学. 2004,():463～467.
[34]叶粤文,孟中华.复杂大水矿床安全开采技术研究[J].金属矿山. 2006,(12):7～17.
[35]宋卫东,佐成,东峰,建华.紫木凼金矿露天转地下开采边坡稳定性数值模拟研究[J].黄金. 2008,(11):20～24.
[36]李洁慧,王新民,张钦礼,史良贵.采场结构参数的层次分析和模糊数学综合评价[J].化工矿物与加工. 2009,(9):23～27.
[37]张雯,黄汝杰,张卫斌,郭进平,程平.青铜沟汞锑矿深部残矿回采方案研究[J].金属矿山. 2011,(8):15～17.
[38]马海春.锚固洞室抗爆能力现场实验研究[D].北京:中国科学技术大学,2011
[39]苏丽娟.高速铁路隧道围岩支护参数优化设计[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011
[40]田维军.缓倾斜中厚磷矿床地下开采采场矿压显现及上覆岩层变形破坏规律[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2010
[2]龙涛.国内外磷矿开采技术的现状与展望[J].化工矿物与加工,2010,(1),37～38.
[3] J.Rostami, L.Ozdemir, D.M.Neil. Performance prediction[J]. Mining Engineering,1994,46(11):1263～1267.
[4] Gertsch,R.E. Mechanical mining. challenges and directions[J]. Mining Engineering. 1995,46(11):1250～1253.
[5] R.W. Lawrence, Michael Scheske. A method to calculate the neutralization potential of mining wastes[J]. Environmental Geology. 1997,32(2):100～106.
[6] Zuo.X,Wang.Y,Zhang.X. Mining method decision support system ingently inclined coal seams[J]. Mine Planning And Equipment Selection～International Symposium. 1997,6th.
[7] F. G .Bell,T.R.Stacey,D.D. Genske.Mining subsidence and its effecton the environment:some difering examples[J]. Environmental Geology. 2000,40(1):135～152.
[8] A.R.Mattis,G.D.Zaitsev. Design of excavator of great unit power for rock mining without blasting[J]. Journal of Mining Science. 2000,36(6):562～566.
[9] P.V.Egorov,S.I.Kalinin,B.P.Agudalin. Technological and geomechanical Parameters of room～and～pillar system of mining a thick flat seam[J].Journal of Mining Science. 2001,37(10):472～474.
[10] M.A.Linkov. On the theory of pillar design[J]. Journal of Mining Science .2001,37(1):10～27.
[11] F.Bell,1.De Bruyn,T.Stacey. Some examples of the imPact of metalliferous mining on the environment:a South African perspective[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment..2002,61(1):1～20.
[12]周君才.评开阳磷矿现行采矿方法的改进方向[J].化工矿山技术,1982,(02):17～19.
[13]陈云鹤.对开阳磷矿采矿方法选择的浅见[J].化工矿山技术,1983 ,(03):49～50
[14]童长久.开阳磷矿采矿方法改进方案再探[J].化工矿物与加工,1984 ,(02):3～5.
[15]谢启元.对开阳磷矿出矿设备方案的探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1988 ,(03):27～29.
[16]周建昌,周麟,王学梁.宜昌神农磷矿采矿方法探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1989,(06):1～5.
[17]刘九珠.开阳磷矿采矿方法试验研究[J].化工矿山技术,1989,(05):6～10
[18]夏超,戴文达,赵玉茂等.黄梅磷矿倾针中厚矿体采矿方法的研究[J].化工矿山技术,1991,(05):48～49.
[19]高永涛.关于矾山磷矿采矿方法选择的探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1991,(03):56～58
[20]陈云鹤.对矾山磷矿采矿方法的探讨[J].化工矿山技术,1992,(03):30～32
[21]柴建设.对矾山磷矿采矿方法的再认识[J].化工矿山技术,1994,(02):53～55.
[22]任伍元.矾山磷矿首采中段采矿中有关技术问题的研究[J].化工矿山技术,1994,(03):
[23]王荣林.宜昌磷矿中磷层采矿方法及山体稳定性研究初探[J]. IM&P化工矿物与加工,2001,(06):18～21.
[24]杨玉学,刘恩东.河北矾山磷矿采矿方法的探讨[J].矿业快报,2008,(08):67～69.
[25]包东曙,杨立根,曾小石.长锚索预替顶充填采矿法试验研究[J].长沙矿山研究院季刊,1985.
[26]罗声运.采场顶板的相似模拟试验[J].矿业研究与开发. 1996,(3):27～30.
[27]王平,许梦国.武钢程潮铁矿充填采矿法开采的物理力学模型实验[J].采矿技术. 2006,(3):241～250.
[38]孙小岩,孙玉宁,王明中,周鸿超.大理石矿上水平房柱稳定性研究[J].矿业快报.. 2007,(10):19～21.
[29]李俊平,周创兵,冯长根.缓倾斜采空区处理的理论与实践[J].科技导报. 2009,(13):71～77.
[30]王新民,张钦礼,彭续承,欧阳年开.框架式大跨度矿房开采技术[J].中南工业大学学报. 1998,(1):14～17.
[31]徐东强,柴建设,彭永池.金厂峪金矿缓倾斜难采矿体采矿方法研究[J].有色矿山. 2000,(3):9～12.
[32]马建军,黄宝,江兵,周惠新,光正国.分段空场法侧向爆破抛掷出矿技术的研究[J].金属矿山. 2001,(4):5～9.
[33]李爱兵,李庶林,陈际经,袁节平.柿竹园多金属矿床开采方案确定的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学. 2004,():463～467.
[34]叶粤文,孟中华.复杂大水矿床安全开采技术研究[J].金属矿山. 2006,(12):7～17.
[35]宋卫东,佐成,东峰,建华.紫木凼金矿露天转地下开采边坡稳定性数值模拟研究[J].黄金. 2008,(11):20～24.
[36]李洁慧,王新民,张钦礼,史良贵.采场结构参数的层次分析和模糊数学综合评价[J].化工矿物与加工. 2009,(9):23～27.
[37]张雯,黄汝杰,张卫斌,郭进平,程平.青铜沟汞锑矿深部残矿回采方案研究[J].金属矿山. 2011,(8):15～17.
[38]马海春.锚固洞室抗爆能力现场实验研究[D].北京:中国科学技术大学,2011
[39]苏丽娟.高速铁路隧道围岩支护参数优化设计[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011
[40]田维军.缓倾斜中厚磷矿床地下开采采场矿压显现及上覆岩层变形破坏规律[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2010