产品系统化设计若干关键理论问题的研究
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摘要
产品设计理论与方法历经一个世纪的研究与发展,已经由以经验为基础的设计模式发展为以科学原理和知识为基础的设计模式,并出现了对产品设计具有指导作用的理论和方法体系。产品设计的理论与方法虽已在实践中得到了广泛应用,但其本身仍有许多有待研究和解决的理论和实践问题。闻邦椿院士在总结多年设计经验的基础上,提出了基于系统工程的产品综合设计理论与方法,从产品的设计思想、设计环境、设计过程、设计目标、设计内容、设计方法及设计质量评价方法7个方面对产品的设计过程进行总体规划,形成了以功能优化设计、动态优化设计、智能优化设计和可视优化设计为主要内容的“1+3+X”的综合设计法的理论体系。本文针对产品系统化设计若干关键理论问题开展研究,是对基于系统工程的产品综合设计理论与方法的继承性研究。论文的研究主要采用的是系统化的方法:一是基于系统工程的思想开展研究,二是根据系统化设计的特点和要求,针对所研究的设计阶段建立结构化的设计过程模型,并采用了理论研究和实例研究相结合的方法。论文取得的主要研究成果如下:
(1)在研究了国内外设计理论与方法,特别是基于系统工程的产品综合设计理论与方法的基础上,提出了产品系统化设计过程模型。
(2)研究、给出了功能、性能和质量的概念,并研究了三者的关系,建立了基于功能和性能的产品质量模型。建立了以功能、性能和质量为核心概念的基本概念体系,为设计理论和方法的研究奠定了基础,也奠定了本文研究的基础。
(3)提出了通过顾客需求调研、环境调研和风险调研获取产品设计需求的方法,提出了面向产品生命周期的设计需求获取过程模型,提出了面向产品质量的设计需求建模方法(DRMQ),建立了产品设计需求模型。提出了面向产品质量的技术特性的建立方法,提出了面向产品质量的QFD应用模式,提出了产品设计调研过程模型。
(4)提出了FMS功构映射模型以及支持功能优化设计的FMSC映射模型,提出了基于FMSC的功能优化设计过程模型。以直蚌线发动机的研发为实例,研究了基于FMS映射模型的发动机功构映射过程,研究了基于FMSC映射模型的发动机概念创新及概念形成过程。实例证明了FMS和FMSC映射及过程模型的正确性和对设计的指导作用。
(5)提出了动态优化设计的总体框架和设计过程模型,研究建立了设计目标、设计参数和设计方法的关联方程。研究了深层次动态优化设计理论框架内的主要方法之一的多体动力学方法,以履带式装甲输送车的行星侧传动系统的多体系统动力学仿真为实例,说明了多体系统动力学仿真在面向产品性能的动态优化设计,特别是深层次动态优化设计中的作用,从一个侧面诠释了动态优化设计的内涵。
Developed from the mode based on experience to the mode based on science theory, product design theory and method has been a relative perfect system which can guide product designs. Although the product design theory and method has been widely used in practice, but many problems of theory and practice need to be studied and solved. With many years experience, Prof. Wen Bangchun, member of Chinese Academy of Science, presented the product integrated design theory and method based on system engineering (SE) which can program a design on objectives, ideas, environments, processes, contents, methods and quality checking. Including functional optimum design, dynamic optimum design, intelligent optimum design and visual optimum design, the product integrated design method named "1+3+X" was set up. As the continuous work of the product integrated design theory and method based on SE, some key theory problems of product systematic design were studied. Systematic research method was mainly used: Firstly, researches in the paper were based on ideas of SE. Secondly, structured process models of different design stage were established. Both theoretical research and case study were used. Conclusions of research are as follows:
(1) On the basis of researching on design theories and methods at home and abroad, especially on the product integrated design theory and method based on SE, the process model of product systematic design was set up.
(2) Some basic concepts like function, performance, quality and relationships between them were studied. The concepts above were defined, and the product quality model, based on function and performance, was established. The basic concept system with function, performance and quality as the core was set up. The basic concept system provided the foundation of researches in paper.
(3) A method to acquire design requirements (DRs) by investigating customer requirements (CRs ), design environments and design risks was proposed. Acquiring process model of DRs for product lifecycle was set up. A modeling method of quality-oriented DRs(DRMQ) was proposed, and the model of DRs was set up. A method to determine quality-oriented technical parameters and a quality-oriented QFD model were proposed. Furthermore, an investigation process model of product design was established.
(4) A new F-S mapping model named FMS was set up. A mapping model based on FMS, FMSC to support functional optimum design was set up. Furthermore, the process model of functional optimum design based on FMSC was set up. The F-S mapping process based on FMS and the creation of an innovative concept of engine were studied though the example. The correctness and guidance of FMS and FMSC for functional optimum design were proved by an example of functional optimum design of straight-conchoid engine.
(5) Main framework and process model of dynamic optimum design were set up. Incidence equation of design objectives, design parameters and design methods was established. As a main method of profound dynamic optimum design, the method of multi-body system dynamics was studied. Effects of multi-body dynamics simulation for performance-oriented dynamic optimum design were shown by the simulation of a side planet cage in the tracked armoured vehicle, which partly interpret the connotation of profound dynamic optimum design.
(1)在研究了国内外设计理论与方法,特别是基于系统工程的产品综合设计理论与方法的基础上,提出了产品系统化设计过程模型。
(2)研究、给出了功能、性能和质量的概念,并研究了三者的关系,建立了基于功能和性能的产品质量模型。建立了以功能、性能和质量为核心概念的基本概念体系,为设计理论和方法的研究奠定了基础,也奠定了本文研究的基础。
(3)提出了通过顾客需求调研、环境调研和风险调研获取产品设计需求的方法,提出了面向产品生命周期的设计需求获取过程模型,提出了面向产品质量的设计需求建模方法(DRMQ),建立了产品设计需求模型。提出了面向产品质量的技术特性的建立方法,提出了面向产品质量的QFD应用模式,提出了产品设计调研过程模型。
(4)提出了FMS功构映射模型以及支持功能优化设计的FMSC映射模型,提出了基于FMSC的功能优化设计过程模型。以直蚌线发动机的研发为实例,研究了基于FMS映射模型的发动机功构映射过程,研究了基于FMSC映射模型的发动机概念创新及概念形成过程。实例证明了FMS和FMSC映射及过程模型的正确性和对设计的指导作用。
(5)提出了动态优化设计的总体框架和设计过程模型,研究建立了设计目标、设计参数和设计方法的关联方程。研究了深层次动态优化设计理论框架内的主要方法之一的多体动力学方法,以履带式装甲输送车的行星侧传动系统的多体系统动力学仿真为实例,说明了多体系统动力学仿真在面向产品性能的动态优化设计,特别是深层次动态优化设计中的作用,从一个侧面诠释了动态优化设计的内涵。
Developed from the mode based on experience to the mode based on science theory, product design theory and method has been a relative perfect system which can guide product designs. Although the product design theory and method has been widely used in practice, but many problems of theory and practice need to be studied and solved. With many years experience, Prof. Wen Bangchun, member of Chinese Academy of Science, presented the product integrated design theory and method based on system engineering (SE) which can program a design on objectives, ideas, environments, processes, contents, methods and quality checking. Including functional optimum design, dynamic optimum design, intelligent optimum design and visual optimum design, the product integrated design method named "1+3+X" was set up. As the continuous work of the product integrated design theory and method based on SE, some key theory problems of product systematic design were studied. Systematic research method was mainly used: Firstly, researches in the paper were based on ideas of SE. Secondly, structured process models of different design stage were established. Both theoretical research and case study were used. Conclusions of research are as follows:
(1) On the basis of researching on design theories and methods at home and abroad, especially on the product integrated design theory and method based on SE, the process model of product systematic design was set up.
(2) Some basic concepts like function, performance, quality and relationships between them were studied. The concepts above were defined, and the product quality model, based on function and performance, was established. The basic concept system with function, performance and quality as the core was set up. The basic concept system provided the foundation of researches in paper.
(3) A method to acquire design requirements (DRs) by investigating customer requirements (CRs ), design environments and design risks was proposed. Acquiring process model of DRs for product lifecycle was set up. A modeling method of quality-oriented DRs(DRMQ) was proposed, and the model of DRs was set up. A method to determine quality-oriented technical parameters and a quality-oriented QFD model were proposed. Furthermore, an investigation process model of product design was established.
(4) A new F-S mapping model named FMS was set up. A mapping model based on FMS, FMSC to support functional optimum design was set up. Furthermore, the process model of functional optimum design based on FMSC was set up. The F-S mapping process based on FMS and the creation of an innovative concept of engine were studied though the example. The correctness and guidance of FMS and FMSC for functional optimum design were proved by an example of functional optimum design of straight-conchoid engine.
(5) Main framework and process model of dynamic optimum design were set up. Incidence equation of design objectives, design parameters and design methods was established. As a main method of profound dynamic optimum design, the method of multi-body system dynamics was studied. Effects of multi-body dynamics simulation for performance-oriented dynamic optimum design were shown by the simulation of a side planet cage in the tracked armoured vehicle, which partly interpret the connotation of profound dynamic optimum design.
引文
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