用户名: 密码: 验证码:
三江源地区生态脆弱变化及经济与生态互动发展模式研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着人类社会经济活动与全球变化的加剧,生态脆弱区的生态环境脆弱性显著增强,极大地制约了区域社会经济的发展。生态脆弱区与贫困地区的经济发展与生态建设实践需要互动双赢。作为典型的生态敏感区和特殊的生态功能区,三江源地区是影响全国甚至世界生态安全的“生态阀”,是我国经济发展水平最滞后的地区,生态恶化形势严峻,生态难民逐年增多,人口、资源、环境与发展之间的矛盾日益突出。开展三江源地区生态脆弱变化及经济与生态互动研究,探讨该区生态环境演变规律、人类活动的影响、经济发展与生态建设的互动机制、互动模式、产业政策等问题,具有重大的学术价值与实践意义。
     应用实测数据、实地入户调查数据和统计资料,运用Excel、SPSS软件和图表分析法、多元回归方法、主成分分析、灰色关联分析和判别函数、问卷调查分析、定性与定量相结合等方法,分析三江源地区生态变化特征,模拟径流量变化并分析其人为影响程度,评价各县的生态脆弱度、贫困程度、人类活动强度及三者之间的互动程度并判别其互动关系类型,探讨经济与生态互动机制、互动发展模式。通过分析研究,得出了以下几点有意义的结论:
     (1)近47年来三江源地区气温呈升高趋势,降水量呈减少趋势,蒸发量呈微弱减少趋势,不同时间尺度上气候变化趋势不同。平均升温率为0.0195℃/a,升温0.7℃。冷季和暖季分别升温0.8℃和0.5℃,冷季升温贡献率达61.54%。气温由外向内递减。降水量平均递减率为0.4449mm/a,减少28.8mm。干季降水量平均递增率为0.3436mm/a,湿季降水量平均递减率为0.459mm/a。湿季降水减少贡献率达92.55%。降水量由东南向西北递减。蒸发量平均递减率为0.635mm/a。干湿季蒸发量平均递减率分别为0.6471mm/a和0.3815mm/a,湿季蒸发减少贡献率70.15%。蒸发量在长江、澜沧江源区由西南向东北递减,黄河源区由北向南递减。近47年气候趋于暖湿,90年代以来气候趋于暖干,近5年来气候趋于暖湿。
     (2)根据径流量累积曲线,1982年以前人类活动对径流量的影响较小。用多元线性回归模拟径流量,1958~1982年黄河沿和吉迈年径流量模型分别为y=87.6827+0.0129x_1+3.2988x_2-0.0615x_3、y=164.8666+0.076x_1+4.6895x_2-0.116x_3(x_1、x_2、x_3分别为源区黄河流域年平均降水量、气温、蒸发量),唐乃亥、直门达月径流量模型分别为y=44.969+2.4826x_1-0.059x_2-0.2293x_3、y=13.634+1.0854x_1+0.0965x_2-0.1203x_3(x_1、x_2、x_3分别为兴海/玉树县月平均气温、降水量、蒸发量)。1983年后人类活动对径流的影响程度具有增大趋势,吉迈和唐乃亥人为影响程度都低于50%,黄河沿多数年份人为影响程度为50%~80%,表明黄河源区影响径流量变化的主导因素在东部是自然因素,西部是人为因素,即径流量的人为影响存在西强东弱的区域差异,越靠近源头地区经流量的人为影响越强烈。
     (3)通过主成分分析法评价三江源地区各县生态脆弱度、贫困程度和人类活动强度,脆弱度从外围向中部增强,贫困程度长江、澜沧江源区由西南向东北减弱,黄河源区由中部向周围增强,人类活动强度长江、澜沧江源区由东南向西北减弱,黄河源区由东北向西南减弱。玛多、称多、曲麻莱3县属极度脆弱型(脆弱度0.8~1.0),治多、甘德、玛沁3县属强度脆弱型(0.6~0.8),泽库、达日、杂多3县为中度脆弱型(0.4~0.6),同德、久治、河南、兴海、班玛5县为轻度脆弱型(0.1~0.4),玉树、囊谦2县为微度脆弱型(-0.2~0.1)。杂多1县属极度贫困型(贫困程度0.5~0.6),达日、治多、称多、泽库4县属强度贫困型(0.4~0.5),甘德、曲麻莱2县属中度贫困型(0.3~0.4),囊谦、同德、河南、兴海、班玛5县属轻度贫困型(0.2~0.3),久治、玉树、玛多、玛沁4县属微度贫困型(-0.6~0.2)。同德、玛沁、泽库、兴海4县属人类活动极强型(活动强度1.4~0.8),河南、班玛、玉树3县属人类活动很强型(0.8~0.5),甘德、久治、囊谦3县属人类活动较强型(0.5~0.4),称多、玛多、达日3县属人类活动较弱型(0.4~0.2),曲麻莱、杂多、治多3县属人类活动微弱型(0.2~-0.1)。
     (4)初步探讨了生态与经济的互动发展关系等有关理论问题,提出了互动发展观、互动链、互动圈、互动网、平衡互动等新概念。从多角度对互动类型作了划分,对生态与经济互动发展的路径、阶段、动力、条件、途径等互动结构作了比较系统的研究,其中两者的互动途径主要包括产业互动、制度互动和投入互动。
     (5)根据三江源地区各县生态脆弱度与贫困程度、人类活动强度的互动程度判别函数C_(xy)=(x+y)/(x~2+y~2)~(1/2)(x、y分别为生态脆弱度、贫困程度、人类活动强度),结果表明它们之间呈较强的负向互动关系。生态脆弱性与贫困性的互动关系类型,玛沁、玛多2县属脆弱不协调型,囊谦1县属贫困不协调型,其他13县属极不协调型;人类活动强度与贫困性的互动关系类型,玛沁、玛多2县属人为干扰贫困型,治多1县属自然贫困型,其他13县属人为加剧贫困型;生态脆弱性与人类活动强度的互动关系类型,囊谦1县属人为干扰脆弱型,治多1县属自然脆弱型,其余14县属人为加剧脆弱型。
     (6)三江源地区需要建立起产业置换与生态置换机制、社会化投融资与多元经营机制、生态补偿与利益驱动机制、信息技术传递和公众参与机制、生态与经济综合决策机制、区域互动与创新机制等经济发展与生态建设的互动机制。生态与经济互动发展的“制度政策创新+区域互动+生态工程+社会协调+产业置换”三江源模式为:以政府体制调整和制度政策与组织管理机制创新以及科学的规划设计为互动节点,以生态产业为互动纽带,通过社会化投融资和系列政策支持,加强与西宁、拉萨、格尔木的区域合作互动,形成以该区为中心、以3市为顶点的三角形互动网络,实施生态移民、生态补偿、生态购买等系列生态工程,实现生态资本产权化和生态建设产业化发展,加强后续产业开发、职业技能培训、小城镇与基础设施和社会化服务体系建设,加大信息技术传递力度,促进技术创新,实现产业置换和产业生态化改造,发展区域特色生态产业,由区域互动与投入互动到制度互动再到产业互动,实现生态与经济的良性互动发展。
     (7)依托长江、黄河、澜沧江沿线、唐蕃古道旅游专线(214国道)和世界屋脊汽车探险旅游线(109国道),加强沿线小城镇建设,培育空间或产业增长极,形成“三江两线”交叉型经济发展格局。开发地区特色优势资源,积极培育和发展生态旅游业,以中藏药材业、畜产品加工业、特色种植业、草业、绿色食品业、水产养殖业为代表的特色生物产业,以民族手工业、民族商贸业、民族文化业为代表的民族产业,以矿产、沼气、水电、太阳能、风能开发为代表的生态能源业,建立起独具地方特色的生态经济体系。
     创新点:(1)三江源地区原本是人类影响较弱的区域,但近年来人为影响加剧,本文通过模拟黄河源区天然径流量,评价其人为影响程度,认为东部人为影响程度低于50%,西部人为影响程度一般在50%~80%。
     (2)通过对互动结构的系统研究,提出了互动发展观、互动链、互动圈、互动网、平衡互动等新概念。
     (3)通过对三江源地区的区域环境与发展水平的系统分析,评价了生态脆弱度、贫困程度与人类活动强度的互动度,并判别三者间的互动关系类型,认为该区生态与经济及人类活动间存在较强的负向互动关系,急需建立生态与经济的良性互动机制和互动模式。
     (4)通过区域结构分析,根据环状分布特点以及周边三大城市的三角形辐射环境,提出了生态与经济互动发展的三江源模式与“三江两线”交叉型特色生态经济的发展格局。
With human social and economic activities and global change intensifying, the ecological environmental vulnerability increased notably in ecological vulnerability area, which restricted regional development of society and economy. The practice of economic development and ecological construction needs interacting and win-wining in ecological vulnerability areas and depressed areas. As a typical ecological sensitive area and peculiar ecological function area, Sanjiangyuan Region is "Ecological Valve" influenced ecological security of our country even the world and the most laggard region of economic development level in our country, while the condition of ecological deterioration is austere, ecological refugees are more and more year by year, the contradiction of population, resources, environment and development is outstanding increasingly. So there are great scientific value and practical significance to carry out research on ecological vulnerability change and interaction of economy and ecology, to discuss ecological environmental evolvement laws and man-made influence, interaction mechanism, model and industry policies of economic development and ecological construction in Sanjiangyuan Region.
     Using practical measurement data and statistical data, applying the methods, such as Excel and SPSS software, figure and table analysis, multi-regression analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Grey Relation Analysis and differentiation function and so on, to analyze ecological change characteristics, to imitate runoff change and analyze man-made influence degree on it, to assess ecological vulnerability degree, poverty degree and human activity intensity of every county and analyze interaction degree and interaction relationship types between them, to discuss interaction mechanism and model of economy and ecology in Sanjiangyuan Region. Through analysis and research, the following several important conclusions are gotten:
     (1) Temperature has increase trend, precipitation has decrease trend and evaporation has faint decrease trend and climate has different change trend in different period in Sanjiangyuan Region in the recent 47 years. Average temperature increase rate is 0.0195 centigrade per year and it increased by 0.7 centigrade. Temperature increased by 0.8 and 0.5 centigrade respectively in cold and warm season. Contribution rate in temperature increase is 61.54 percent in cold season. Temperature decreased successively from the periphery to the central section. Average precipitation decrease rate is 0.4449 millimeters per year and it reduced by 28.8 millimeters. Average precipitation increase rate is 0.3436 millimeters per year in arid season and average precipitation decrease rate is 0.459 millimeters per year in humid season. Contribution rate in precipitation decrease is 92.55 percent in humid season. Precipitation reduced successively from the southeast to the northwest. Average evaporation decrease rate is 0.635 millimeters per year, 0.6471 and 0.3815 millimeters per year respectively in arid and humid season. Evaporation reduced successively from the southwest to the northeast in the source region of Yangtze River and from the north to the south in the source of Yellow River. Climate has warm and humid trend in the recent 47 years, warm and arid trend since 1990s' and warm and humid trend in the recent 5 years.
     (2) According to the cumulation curve of runoff, human activities influenced lightly on runoff before 1982. Runoff is imitated through multi- linear regression, the model of runoff in the year of Huangheyan and Jimai are y=87.6827+0.0129x_1+3.2988x_2—0.0615x3, y=164.8666+0.076X_1+4.6895x_2—0.116x_3 respectively (x_1, x_2 and x_3 are average precipitation, temperature and evaporation in the year respectively in the source drainage basin of Yellow River), the model of runoff in the month of Tangnaihai and Zhimenda are y=44.969+2.4826X_1—0.059x_2—0.2293x_3, y =13.634+1.0854x_1 +0.0965x_2—0.1203x_3 respectively (x_1 x_2 and x_3 are average temperature, precipitation and evaporation in the month respectively in Xinghai / Yushu county). The influence degree of human activities on runoff had increase trend after 1983. The influence degrees of human activities are all under 50 percent in Jimai and Tangnaihai and from 50 percent to 80 percent in Huangheyan in most year, which indicated that the magistral factor which influenced runoff change is natural factor in the east and artificial factor in the west in the source of Yellow River.
     (3)The ecological vulnerability degree, poverty degree and human activity intensity of every county are assessed. Ecological vulnerability degree increased successively from the periphery to the middle part. Poverty degree decreased successively from the south to the north and from the west to the east in the source of Yangtze River and increased successively from the central section to the periphery in the source of Yellow River. Human activity intensity decreased successively from the northeast to the southwest in the source of Yangtze River and from the southeast to the northwest in the source of Yellow River. Ecological environment of Maduo, Chengduo and Qumalai three counties belongs to exceeding vulnerability (ecological vulnerability degrees are from 0.8 to 1.0), Zhiduo, Gande and Maqin three counties belongs to intense vulnerability (0.6~0.8), Zeku, Dari and Zaduo three counties belongs to moderate vulnerability (0.4~0.6), Tongde, Jiuzhi, Henan, Xinghai and Banma five counties belongs to low-grade vulnerability (0.1~0.4), Yushu and Nangqian two counties belongs to slender vulnerability (-0.2~0.1). Economic development level of Zaduo one county belongs to exceeding poverty (poverty degree is from 0.5 to 0.6), Dari, Zhiduo, Chengduo and Zeku four counties belongs to intense poverty (0.4~0.5), Gande and Qumalai two counties belongs to moderate poverty (0.3~0.4), Nangqian, Tongde, Henan, Xinghai and Banma five counties belongs to low-grade poverty (0.2~0.3), Jiuzhi, Yushu, Maduo and Maqin four counties belongs to slender poverty (-0.6~0.2). Human activities of Tongde, Maqin, Zeku and Xinghai four counties belong to exceeding fierceness (human activity intensities are from 1.4 to 0.8), Henan, Banma and Yushu three counties belong to intense fierceness (0.8~0.5), Gande, Jiuzhi and Nangqian three counties belong to moderate fierceness (0.5~0.4), Chengduo, Maduo and Dari three counties belong to feeblish fierceness (0.4~0.2), Qumalai, Zaduo and Zhiduo three counties belong to slender fierceness (0.2~0.1).
     (4)The academic problems on interaction development relationship of ecology and economy are discussed primarily and the new conceptions are put forward, such as interaction development idea, interaction chain, interaction circle, interaction network and balanceable interaction and so on. The types of interaction are compartmentalized from different angles and the interaction structure is researched such as the route, phases, motivity, conditions and approaches of interaction development relationship of ecology and economy, interaction approaches include mostly industrial interaction, system interaction and devotion interaction.
     (5) The differentiation function of interaction degree of ecological vulnerability degree, poverty degree and human activity intensity Cxy=(x+Y)/ (x and y are ecological vulnerability degree, poverty degree and human activity intensity respectively) is built. It indicated that there is strong negative interaction relationship between them. The interaction relationship type of ecological vulnerability and poverty of Maqin and Maduo two counties belongs to vulnerable non-harmony, Nangqian one county belongs to poor non-harmony and another 13 counties belongs to exceeding non-harmony. The interaction relationship type of human activity intensity and poverty of Maqian and Maduo two counties belongs to man-made interferential poverty, Zhiduo one county belongs to natural poverty and another 13 counties belongs to man-made exacerbating poverty. The interaction relationship type of ecological vulnerability and human activity intensity of Nangqian one county belongs to man-made interferential vulnerability, Zhiduo one county belongs to natural vulnerability and another 14 counties belongs to man-made exacerbating vulnerability.
     (6) It need setting up interaction mechanisms of economic development and ecological construction, such as mechanisms of industry replacement and ecology replacement, social investment and financing and multi-management, ecological compensation and benefit-driving, transfer of information and technologies and public participation, synthetical decision-making of ecology and economy and regional interaction. The interaction development Sanjiangyuan pattern of ecology and economy namely "innovation of system and policies + regional interaction + ecological engineering + social harmony + industry replacement": to take adjustment of system, innovation of system, policies and mechanism of organization and management and scientific programming as interaction nodes, ecological industries as interaction tache, through social investment and financing and sustainment of series of policies, to reinforce regional interaction with Xining, Lhasa and Ge'ermu to form triangle interaction network in which Sanjiangyuan is the center and the three cities are culminations, to carry out series of ecological engineering such as ecology immigration, ecological compensation and ecological purchase and so on, to realize property right of ecological capital and industrialization development of ecological construction, to reinforce exploiture of continuous industries and construction of small towns, infrastructure and social service system and cultivation of employment skill, to increase the transfer power of information and technologies to accelerate innovation of technologies to realize industries replacement and ecological alteration of industries, to develop regional characteristic ecological industries, from devotion interaction to system interaction to industries interaction, to realize benign interaction development of ecology and economy.
     (7) To rely on the line of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, special tourism line of age-old Tangbo road (namely 214 national highway) and car exploration tourism line of the world fastigium (namely 109 national highway) to reinforce construction of small towns along the lines to foster spatial or industrial increase poles to form economic development pattern of "The three rivers and two lines" crossover. To empolder regional characteristic preponderant resources to foster and develop ecological tourism industry, characteristic biological industries such as industry of Chinese traditional and Tibet medicinal materials, processing industry of livestock products, characteristic planting industry, grass industry, green foodstuff industry and aquiculture industry, nationality industries such as nationality handicraft industry, nationality trade and nationality culture industry, ecological energy sources industries such as exploiture of mineral, firedamp, enhydrous electricity, solar energy and wind energy, to set up regional characteristic ecological economy system.
     Innovation points: (1)Through imitation inartificial runoff in the source of Yellow River and assessment man-made influence degree on it, man-made influence degree is lower than 50 percent in the east, and from 50 to 80 percent in the west.
     (2)Through research on interaction structure, the new conceptions are put forward, such as interaction development idea, interaction chain, interaction circle, interaction network and balanceable interaction.
     (3) Through analysis of regional environment and development level of Sanjiangyuan Region, interaction degree of ecological vulnerability degree, poverty degree and human activity intensity is assessed and interaction relationship type between them is differentiated, there are strong negative interaction relationship between ecology and economy and human activities and it needs to set up positive interaction mechanism and pattern.
     (4) Through analysis of regional structure, according to the characteristic of orbicular distribution and the triangular radiation environment of the three circumjacent cities, interaction development Sanjiangyuan pattern of ecology and economy and characteristic ecological economic development pattern of "The three rivers and two lines" crossover.
     interaction mechanism interaction degree ecological vulnerability change Sanjiangyuan pattern Sanjiangyuan Region
     Foundation: Great "Gong Guan" Project on Philosophy and Social Science of Education Ministry "Research on Economic Development and Ecological Environmental Reconstruction in the West", No. 04JZD00010
引文
[1] 丁忠兵.论三江源地区的生态地位与可持续发展[J].青海社会科学,2006,2:45-50.
    [2] 汪延明.三江源区生态环境保护策略研究[J].商业时代,2000,22:101-102.
    [3] 叶超,戴随刚.直击“三江源”生态[N].中国气象报,2005-3-19.
    [4] 赵永新.三江源:“中华水塔”如何修复[N].人民日报,2005-9-22.
    [5] 易蓉蓉.气候变暖是黄河源生态急速恶化的罪魁祸首[N]。科学时报,2005-10-20.
    [6] 青海省工程咨询中心.青海省三江源区生态移民规划[P],2003.
    [7] 詹红岩.试论三江源地区的生态功能与发展定位[J].青海师专学报(社会科学),2002,4:75-78.
    [8] 杨德福.三江源生态保护的战略意义[J].林业经济,2003,5:26.
    [9] 苏多杰.三江源地区生物多样性保护探析[J].攀登,2003,22(125):71-75.
    [10] 金岜.三江源自然保护区的珍贵植物资源[J].植物杂志,2003,4:7.
    [11] 孟延山,李长明.三江源自然保护区生物多样性的保护[J].青海农林科技,2002,4:37-39.
    [12] 马生林.三江源生态再思考[J].西部论丛,2004,11:21-23.
    [13] 董锁成,周长进,王海英.“三江源”地区主要生态环境问题与对策[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(6):713-720.
    [14] 王得祥,李轶冰,杨改河.江河源区生态环境问题研究现状及进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):5-9.
    [15] 杨建平.近50a长江黄河源区生态与环境变化综合研究[D].博士学位论文,2006.
    [16] 马洪波.三江源地区可持续发展研究述评[J].青海社会科学,2006,3:49-53.
    [17] 杨德福.三江源的生态现状及保护[J].国土绿化,2003,2:8.
    [18] 何友均,邹大林.三江源地区的生态环境现状及治理对策[J].中国林业,2002,6(A):39.
    [19] 李怀南.三江源区生态环境面临的问题和防治措策[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,4:73-75.
    [20] 张占峰.近40年来三江源区气候资源的变化[J].青海环境,2001,11(2):60-64.
    [21] 韩永荣.三江源区水资源面临的问题及对策[J].四川水力发电,2004,23(4):7-10.
    [22] 卢素锦.三江源生态环境保护分析[J].甘肃农业,2005,2:28-29.
    [23] 刘建军,董得红.三江源生物多样性保护与可持续发展[J].中南林业调查规划,2004,23(4):34-36.
    [24] 汪春燕,汪文焕.三江源人口、资源、环境的可持续发展——兼论青海民族地区发展问题[J].西北人口,2004,2:32-36.
    [25] 温生辉.实行休牧育草搞好“三江源区”生态保护和建设[J].中国农村经济,2000,10:15-18.
    [26] 丹果.试论“三江源区”的生态环境与水利建设[J].青海民族研究(社会科学版),2002,13(4):1-5.
    [27] 郎国清.试论三江源生态环境的保护与建设[J].中国林业,2003,2(A):30-31.
    [28] 李津成.树立科学发展观促进三江源地区人与自然和谐发展[J].青海环境,2004,14(2):47-49.
    [29] 李家峰.玉树“三江源”区的水土流失及防治对策[J].中国水土保持,2003,3:28-29.
    [30] 唐小平.中国三江源区基本生态特征与自然保护区设计[J].林业资源管理,2003,1:38-44.
    [31] 汪诗平.青海省“三江源”地区植被退化原因及其保护策略[J].草业学报,2003,12(6):1-9.
    [32] 郑杰,蔡平.青海省三江源区生态保护与建设[J].青海科技,2005,1:9-12.
    [33] 陈桂琛,卢学峰,彭敏,赵以莲.青海省三江源区生态系统基本特征及其保护[J].青海科技,2003,4:14-17.
    [34] 张小红,尼松.长江、澜沧江源区退化草地及其治理对策[J].青海草业,2004,13(4):38-41.
    [35] 王兰英.关于建立“三江源生态保护基金”的几点思考[J].青海民族研究(社会科学版),2001,12(4):16-19.
    [36] 郎国清.关于三江源生态环境的理论思考[J].中国党政干部论坛,2003,3:58-59.
    [37] 宋作敏,赵广明.青海三江源区湿地生态系统保护问题的探讨[J].中南林业调查规划,2003,22(2):30-32.
    [38] 马致远.三江源地区水资源的涵养和保护[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(S):108-111.
    [39] 刘敏超,李迪强,栾晓峰,温琰茂.三江源地区生态系统服务功能与价值评估[J].植物资源与环境学报,2005,14(1):40-43.
    [40] 董得红.三江源区森林资源生态环境价值补偿问题刍议[J].青海环境,2003,13(4):142-144.
    [41] 李春花.三江源区生态旅游资源的定量评价[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,2:77-80.
    [42] 韩永荣.“三江源区”水资源的开发利用与保护[J].长江职工大学学报,2002,19(1):12-15.
    [43] 周笃珺,马海州,王岩,李智伟.三江源地区土地资源的开发与保护——以青海省兴海县为例[J].国土与自然资源研究,2004,1:23-24.
    [44] 王堃,洪绂曾,宗锦耀.“三江源”地区草地资源现状及持续利用途径[J].草地学报,2005,13(S):28-31,47.
    [45] 邢茂业.保护三江源生态环境与建立现代畜牧业生产体系[J].青海草业,2003,12(3):22-25.
    [46] 苏多杰.建立三江源生态经济高效模式的依据[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002,3:16-20.
    [47] 陈晓雪.建立完善的三江源生态经济体系[J].青海社会科学,2004,1:61-63.
    [48] 苏多杰.三江源城镇建设及其生态经济发展的模式选择[J].攀登,2002,21(118):91-95,102.
    [49] 苏多杰.三江源地区高效生态农业模式[J].青海科技,2002,1:29-31.
    [50] 李军乔.三江源地区生态旅游前景展望[J].攀登,2003,22(124):84-87.
    [51] 苏多杰.三江源区生态产业模式初探[J].柴达木开发研究,2002,2:12-18.
    [52] 苏多杰.三江源生态经济高新技术支持模式[J].柴达木开发研究,2003,2:11-14.
    [53] 赵宏利.三江源生态经济区特色产业发展构想[J].开发研究,2004,3:28-30.
    [54] 辛文荣.浅议三江源自然保护区建设[J].中南林业调查规划,2001,20(4):23-25,32.
    [55] 何玉邦.三江源自然保护区建设的思路及措施[J].青海科技,2003,1:15-18.
    [56] 李凌民.三江源自然保护区生态移民的几点思考[J].青海学刊,2003,6:34-35.
    [57] 周立志,李迪强,王秀磊,马强.三江源自然保护区鼠害类型、现状和防治策略[J].安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):87-95.
    [58] Zhang Yuguang, Li Diqiang, Wang Huimin, etc. The diversity of denitrifying bacteria in the alpine meadow soil of Sanjiangyuan natural reserve in Tibet Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(10): 1245-1254.
    [59] Junping Yah, Yansui Liu. A study on environmental aridity over northern and southern to Qinling Mountains under climate warming[J]. Journal of Geographical Science, 2001, 11(2):193-201.
    [60] Honghui Liu, Xiaohuan Yang, Naibin Wang, etc. An integrated approach to scaling issues in environmental change study[J]. The Journal of Chinese Geography, 2000, 10(4):338-345.
    [61] 杨育武,汤洁,麻素挺.脆弱生态环境指标库的建立及其定量评价[J].环境科学研究,2002,4:46-49.
    [62] 赵跃龙,张玲娟.脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究[J].地理科学进展,1998,1:67-72.
    [63] 马金珠,高前兆.干旱区地下水脆弱性特征及评价方法探讨[J].干旱区地理,2003,1:44-49.
    [64] 王让会,樊自立.塔里木河流域生态脆弱性评价研究[J].干旱环境监测,1998,4:218-223.
    [65] 赵雪雁,巴建军.河西地区生态环境脆弱性评价与生态环境建设对策研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2002,6:79-82.
    [66] 陶希东,赵鸿婕.河西走廊生态脆弱性评价及其恢复与重建[J].干旱区研究,2002,4:7-12.
    [67] 蔡海生,陈美球.脆弱生态环境脆弱度评价研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,2:270-275.
    [68] 关文斌,谢春华,李春平,等.荒漠化危害预警原理与评价方法[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,3:79-83.
    [69] 汤万金,刘平.露天煤矿生态系统脆弱性评价方法研究[J].世界标准化与质量管理,2003,2:33-37.
    [70] 杨新,延军平.陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境定量评价——以榆林、延安两市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,4:87-90.
    [71] 武永峰,任志远.陕西省脆弱生态环境定量评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,2:10-14.
    [72] 冯利华,黄亦君.生态环境脆弱度的综合评价[J].热带地理,2003,2:102-114.
    [73] 王让会,宋郁东,樊自立,等.新疆塔里木河流域生态脆弱带的环境质量综合评价[J].环境科学,2001,2:7-11.
    [74] 黄淑芳.主成分分析及MAPINFO在生态环境脆弱性评价中的应用[J].福建地 理,2002,1:47-49.
    [75] Wenbin Guan, Baoping Sun, Fengqi Jiang, etc. Assessment of the ecological vulnerability on sandy desertification in the west of northeast China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (English Ed.), 1998, 7(1): 15-27.
    [76] G. Wang, J. Cheng, Y. Lai. Eco-environmental degradation and causal analysis in the source region of the Yellow River[J]. Environmental Geology, 2001, 40(2): 884-890.
    [77] Martin M. Kaufman, David L. Wigston, Ellis B. Perlman. Environmental evaluation of subdivision site developments[J]. Environmental Management, 2002, 29(6): 801-812.
    [78] Yansui Liu, Jay Gao, Yanfeng Yang. A holistic approach towards assessment of severity of land degradation along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi Province, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003, 82: 187-202.
    [79] 牛文元.生态环境脆弱带(ECOTONE)的基础判定[J].生态学报,1989,2:97-105.
    [80] 吕昌河.生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究——脆弱环境的特性、判别与分类[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1995.
    [81] 罗承平,薛纪渝.生态环境综合整治和恢复技术研究——中国北方农牧交错带生态脆弱带特征、环境问题及综合整治战略[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1995.
    [82] 刘燕华,李秀彬.脆弱生态环境与可持续发展(第一版)[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
    [83] 徐中民,张志强,程国栋.当代生态经济的综合研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(6):688-693.
    [84] 樊杰,千庆兰.我国东部沿海重点地区经济发展与资源环境相互作用关系的比较研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1):96-104.
    [85] 方创琳,张小雷.干旱区生态重建与经济可持续发展研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1163-1170.
    [86] Tom Tibetenberg. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
    [87] Terry L. Anderson and Donald R. Leal. Environ-capitalists[M]. Roman Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 1997.
    [88] Olli Varis. Water Resources Development: Vicious and Viruous Circles[J]. AMBIO——人类环境杂志,1999(7).
    [89] 莱斯特·R·布朗.生态经济——有利于地球的经济构想[M].林自新等译.北京:东方出版社,2002.
    [90] 莱斯特·R·布朗.B模式:拯救地球延续文明[M].北京:东方出版社,2003.
    [91] 王松霈.经济与生态协调的基础上进行西部大开发[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):29-31.
    [92] 厉以宁.区域发展新思路[M].北京:经济日报出版社,2000.
    [93] 陈德昌.生态经济学[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2003.
    [94] 聂国卿.我国转型时期环境治理的经济学分析[J].湖南商学院学报(双月刊),2001,8(6):60-61.
    [95] 王育宝,李国平.环境治理的经济学分析[J].江西财经大学学报,2003,6:27-31.
    [96] 周述实,何苑.定西地区实施经济发展与生态建设双赢战略(调查报告)[J].甘肃省经济管理干部学院学报,2002,15(4):20-23.
    [97] 海江波,史俊通.西部地区农业生态建设与农村经济发展双赢技术战略[J].生态经济,2004,5:34-36,39.
    [98] 吴自发.寻求生态建设与经济发展的结合点——河棚镇发展生态经济的启示[J].安徽科技,2003,(1-2):59.
    [99] 张立峰.华北农牧交错带生态恢复与经济发展的相悖与互依关系[J].草地学报,2004,12(1):70-74.
    [100] 王亚娟,刘小鹏.宁夏西海固地区生态建设中的博弈问题分析[J].水土保持通报,2004,24(2):17-19.
    [101] 朱俊林,郑泽厚,金涛,等.香溪河移民安置区经济发展与生态建设[J].长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(4):313-317.
    [102] 张炜.长江上游生态经济发展研究——关于长江上游生态建设制度创新思考[J].国土经济,2003,7:4-7.
    [103] 倪绍龙.试论民族地区生态环境与经济开发的协调发展[J].贵州民族研究,1997,2:116-122.
    [104] 袁明鹏,万君康,刘国新,等.中国环境和经济协调发展的模式与战略选择[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,1999,21(2):68-71.
    [105] 辜胜阻,魏珊.保持环境与经济协调发展的思考[J].武汉大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000,53(3):294-298.
    [106] 冉瑞平.川西高山高原区环境与经济协调发展对策[J].农村经济,2003,8:22-24.
    [107] 陈祖海.环境与经济协调发展的再认识[J].地域研究与开发,2004,23(4):21-24,170.
    [108] 方创琳,高群.珠江流域经济带源头山区生态环境与经济协调发展[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):296-301.
    [109] 蔡宁.国外环境与经济协调发展理论研究[J].环境科学进展,1998(2):66-70.
    [110] 李锦,罗凉昭等.西部生态经济建设[M].北京:民族出版社,2001.
    [111] 郝晓辉.中西部地区可持续发展研究[M].北京:经济关联出版社,2000.
    [112] 王长征,刘毅.经济与环境协调研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(1):58-62.
    [113] 林道辉,沈学优,刘亚儿.环境与经济协调发展理论研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2002(2):120-123.
    [114] 蔡运龙等.退化土地的生态重建:社会工程途径[J].地理科学,1999,3:25-31.
    [115] 王礼先.加强西部地区生态环境建设[J].中国林业教育,2000,1:16-20.
    [116] 陈国阶.关于长江上游生态建设的几点思考[N].科技导报.2000-2-5.
    [117] 张惠远,蔡运龙,赵昕奕.环境重建——中国贫困地区可持续发展的根本途径[J].资源科学,1999,21(3):63-67.
    [118] 戴尔阜,裴彬,戴尔惠.河西走廊生态环境重建的机遇、挑战与对策研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(1):27-30.
    [119] 郑凌燕,义旭东.论西部山区生态经济重建[J].绿色经济,2002,3:49-51.
    [120] 义旭东.西部贫困山区经济—生态重建研究[J].青海民族学院学报(杜会科学版),2002,28(3):63-65.
    [121] 唐立松,张佳宝,程心俊,等.干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带土地退化及生态重建[J].干旱区研究,2002,19(3):43-47.
    [122] 马传栋.建立健全吸引农村剩余劳动力参与生态建设的激励机制[J].林业经济,2001,7:20-24.
    [123] 程勤.论生态建设的公众参与[J].云南科技管理,1999,4:6-9.
    [124] 凌侠,德永军.对企业参与生态建设的探讨[J].内蒙古林业科技,2001,S:99,104.
    [125] 陶汝君,吴雪梅.环境保护与公众参与[J].四川环境,2005,24(5):91-93.
    [126] 刘震.中国水土保持生态建设模式[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
    [127] 吴晓军,祖廷勋.近年来西部生态环境保护的对策与措施研究综述[J].甘肃社会科学,2001,2:17-22.
    [128] 仁保平.低代价西部大开发的制度分析[J].宁夏社会科学,2003,4:19-25.
    [129] 李青.区域创新下区域发展观念及政策的变化[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003,12:33-37.
    [130] 延军平等.中国西北生态环境建设与制度创新[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
    [131] 常云昆.黄河断流与黄河水权制度研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
    [132] 杜放,李瑜.试论我国生态税收体系的构建[J].财政研究,2002,9:5-10.
    [133] 西奥多·W·舒尔茨.改造传统农业[M].梁小民译.北京:商务印书馆,1987.
    [134] 西奥多·W·舒尔茨.经济增长与农业[M].郭熙保,周开年译.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1991.
    [135] Ruud Cuperus. Guidelines for ecological compensation associated with highways[J]. Biological Conservation, 1999, 90: 41-51.
    [136] 董锁成,王海英.西部生态经济发展模式研究[J].中国软科学,2003,10:115-119,114.
    [137] 王跃生,韩忠欣.西部开发中的生态环境难题:制度经济学的分析[J].经济纵横,2002,4:6-12.
    [138] 毛显强等.生态补偿的理论探讨[J].中国人口·资源于环境,2002,4:34-38.
    [139] 赫尔曼·E·戴利.超越增长:可持续发展的经济学[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2001.
    [140] 哈丁.生活在极限之内:生态学、经济学与人口禁忌[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2001.
    [141] 李英禹,毕波,于振伟.国内外生态省建设理论和实践研究综述[J].中国林业企业,2003,6:5-7.
    [142] 沈满洪.2004年全国生态经济建设理论与实践学术研讨会综述[J].内蒙古财经学院学报,2004,4:105-106.
    [143] 李周.中国环境问题[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,2000.
    [144] 陈佳贵.西北开发报告[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000.
    [145] 陈统爱,王幼臣,支玲.坚持生态经济协调发展迅速建设山区特色产业开发带[J].林业经济,2003,4:49-50.
    [146] 钱文荣,赵金龙.略论农业生产中生态经济综合协调发展[J].新疆农垦经济,2000,4:9-11.
    [147] 陈池波.论生态经济的持续协调发展[J].长江大学学报(社会科学版),2004,27(1):97-102.
    [148] 方显仓.全球化条件下我国生态经济的协调发展[J].生态经济,2001,7:1-6.
    [149] 叶绍明.实施综合开发促进生态经济协调发展[J].生态经济,2002,9:44-47.
    [150] 汤文曙.生态经济:西部开发的着力点[J].自然辩证法研究,2000,16(9):61-63.
    [151] 李吉人.实行立体综合开发促进生态经济建设[J].内蒙古林业,1995,5:7-8.
    [152] 颜廷武,张俊飚.试论实现我国东西部地区生态经济协调发展[J].生态经济,2001,12-17-19.
    [153] 黄璟,黄智敏.推进农业化应倡导生态经济模式[J].生态经济,2002,5:11-13.
    [154] 郭方.我国生态经济协调发展的一些问题[J].环境保护,1994,3:46-47.
    [155] 李娟.自然保护区生态经济社会协调发展的SD模型研究——以贵州草海自然保护区为例[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,17(4):46-51.
    [156] 王国栋.长白山低山丘陵区生态经济复合系统协调发展模式及生态县建设实践研究——以吉林省东辽县为例[J].经济地理,2001,21(6):745-748.
    [157] 戴丽萍.西部地区生态经济失衡的生态经济根源及其对策[J].生态经济,2001,6:53-55.
    [158] 黄璟,熊从见,雷海章.构建中西部农业生态经济协调发展资金支持体系的研究[J].生态经济,2001,8:18-21.
    [159] 尤飞,董锁成,王传胜.黄土高原贫困地区生态经济系统良性演化的条件和对策——以甘肃定西地区为例[J].资源科学,2003,25(6):52-59.
    [160] 李宇,董锁成.水资源条件约束下西北农村地区生态经济发展对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(3):243-247.
    [161] 桑晓靖.西部地区生态恢复与重建的生态经济评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(3):171-174.
    [162] 白晓燕,孙兆敏,尚爱军,等.宁南山区生态经济农业发展模式研究[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(6):363-366,378.
    [163] 王海英,刘桂环,董锁成.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域生态环境综合治理开发模式研究——以甘肃省定西地区九华沟流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(2):207-215.
    [164] 高群.国外生态—经济系统整合模型研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(3):375-380.80.
    [165] 王黎明.区域可持续发展[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1998.
    [166] 查轩,黄少燕.黄土高原土地资源可持续利用途径研究.中国土地科学,2000,14(4):35-38.
    [167] 赵文玉.环境可持续发展理论体系框架的构建[J].四川环境,2004(1):100-104.
    [168] 王青.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区生态农业与农村经济可持续发展模式研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2002,2(2):41-46.
    [169] 惠泱河.黄土高原地区的可持续发展问题[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2000,30(4):340-344.
    [170] 隆学文.河北坝上地区可持续发展的创新思路[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(2):45-48.
    [171] 卢红飚.西部生态建设和经济可持续发展[J].闽江职业大学学报,2000,4:43-44,50.
    [172] 胡铨.互动管理[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2004.
    [173] 唐宇文.区域经济互动发展论[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2004.
    [174] W. Nasierowski, F.J. Arcelus. Interrelationships among the elements of national innovation systems: A statistical evaluation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999(119): 235-253.
    [175] Jim Nilsson, Soren Bergstron. Indicators for the assessment of ecological and economic consequences of municipal policies for resource use[J]. Ecological Economics, 1995 (14): 175-184.
    [176] Trista Patterson, Tim Gulden, Ken Cousins, etc. Integrating environmental, social and economic systems: a dynamic model of tourism in Dominica[J]. Ecological Modeling, 2004 (175): 121-136.
    [177] 刘立.创新系统研究述评[J].中国科技论坛,2001(5):12-15.
    [178] Giancarlo Barbiroli. Measuring technological dynamics and structural change, their interrelationships and their effects[J]. Structural Change and Economics Dynamics, 1995, 6: 377-396.
    [179] Lata Gangadharan, Ma Rebecca Valenzuela. Interrelationships between income, health and the environment: extending the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis[J]. Ecological Economics, 2001, 36: 513-531.
    [180] Jurgen Scheffran. The dynamic interaction between economy and ecology cooperation, stability and Sustainability for a dynamic-game model of resource conflicts[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2000,53:371-380.
    [181]C. Yoo. Interaction between tunneling and groundwater[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2004,19:523-524.
    [182]A. M. Hefny, H. C. Chua, J. Zhao. Parametric studies on the interaction between existing and new bored tunnels [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2004, 19:471.
    [183]Sang-Hwan Kim. Interaction behaviors between parallel tunnels in soft ground[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19:448.
    [184]A. Winkler. Gas-surface interactions[J]. Vacuum, 1995,46:1241-1242.
    [185]CHEN Shu-peng, LI Guo-sheng, SHAO Yu-bin. Coastal zone and its sustainable development[J].The Journal of Chinese Geography, 1999, 9(3): 273-279.
    [186]Ignacio Santamaria, Marcelino Lazaro, Carlos J. Pantaleon, Jose A. Garcia. A nonlinear MESFET model for intermodulation analysis using a generalized radial basis function network[J].Neurocomputing, 1999,25:1-18.
    [187]John L. Finney. The Water Molecule and its Interaction: the Interaction between Theory, Modeling and Experiment[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2001,90:303-312.
    [188]B. R. Holstein. Effective Interactions are Effective Interact ions [J]. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 2003,50:203-215.
    [189]Ling Hao, John Gallop, Adrian Purnell, Lesley Cohen. Intermodulation distortion in HTS thin films: a global heating model[J]. Phusica C, 2002, (372-376) :469-473.
    [190]G.Qu, A. E. Parker. Modeling HEMT intermodulation distortion charact -eristics[J]. Microelectronics Journal, 2000, 31:493-496.
    [191]Sa. Kondo, K. Konish, M. Isozaki, S. Imahori, A. Furutani, D. J. Brear. Experimental study on simulated molten jet-coolant interact ions [J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1995, 155:73-84.
    [192]Bina Agarwal. Gender, Environment and Poverty Interlinks: Regional Variations and Temporal Shifts in Rural[J]. World Development, 1997, 25:23-52.
    [193]Gustav Nebel. Sustainable land-use in Peruvian flood plain forests: options, planning and implementation[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 150:187-198.
    [194] John E. Cantlon, Herman E. Koenig. Sustainable ecological economics [J]. Ecological Economics, 1999, 31:107-121.
    [195] Igor Matutinovic. Organizational patterns of economies: an ecological perspective[J]. Ecological Economics, 2002, 40:421-440.
    [196]Turlough F. Guerin. Why sustainable innovations are not always adopted[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2001,34:1-18.
    [197]Patrick S. W. Fong. Knowledge creation in multidisciplinary project teams:an empirical study of the processes and their dynamic interrelationships[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2003,21:479-486.
    
    [198]Catholijn M. Jonker, Jan Treur. Modeling multiple mind-matter interaction [J]. Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, 2002, 57:165-214.
    [199]A. J. Bongers. Interaction in multimedia art[J]. Knowledge-based Systems, 2000,13:479-485.
    [200]Yingmanee Boonyakiat, A. L. Carrascosa, etc. Virus cell interaction [J]. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2000,18:183-203.
    [201]E. P. Sarafino, John Wiley. Health Psychology-Biopsychosocial Interactions (2nd Edition)[M].New York, 1994.
    [202]Baltimore: Williams & vilkins. Drug Interactions in Psychiatry (2nd Ed.) [M].Chicago, 1995.
    [203]Andrew P. Smith, Nancy M. Lee. Opioid receptor interactions: Local and nonlocal, symmetric and asymmetric, physical and functional [J]. Life Sciences, 2003,73:1873-1893.
    [204]Christopher M. Fleming, Robert R. Alexander. Single-species versus multiple-species models: the economic implications[J]. Ecological Modeling, 2003,170:203-211.
    [205]Li An, Jianguo Liu, Zhiyun Ouyang, Marc Linderman, Shiqiang Zhou, Hemin Zhang. Simulating demographic and socioeconomic processes on household level and implications for giant panda habitats [J]. Ecological Modeling, 2001, 140: 31-49.
    [206] Carl F. Weems. Conceptual and methodological issues in examining behavioral development through environment-organism interactions [J]. New Ideas in Psychology, 1999, 17: 149-164.
    [207] Emily Lena Jones. Dietary evenness, prey choice and human-environment interactions[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2004, 31: 307-317.
    [208] Bengt-Owe Jansson, Carl-Einar Stalvant. The Baltic Basin Case Study-towards a sustainable Baltic Europe[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2001, 21: 1999-2019.
    [209] Muhammad Taher Abuelma' atti. Intemodulation performance of biased-nonlinearities[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2000, 107: 211-224.
    [210] Muhammad Taher Abuelma' atti. Harmonic and Intermodulation Performance of Some Abrupt and Weak Nonlinearities[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 1997, 83: 87-96.
    [211] 林振山.人类活动与可再生资源关系的动力学方法分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2003,
    [212] 庞跃辉.西部大开发的互动机制效应分析[J].贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2000,3:63-66.
    [213] 李建华,孙宝风,赵继.绿色科技与经济可持续发展的互动机制[J].经术经济,2000,7:15-18.
    [214] 由亚男.抓住西部大开发和“入世”双重机遇建立畜产品贸易与新疆草地生态环境良性互动机制[J].新疆财经,2000,2:18-21.
    [215] 梁谋,詹兴文.关于建立旅游资源开发与保护良性互动机制的思考[J].琼州大学学报,2001,8(1):83-86.
    [216] 张根东.西部大开发中的互动发展战略初探[J].开发研究,2002,4:29-30.
    [217] 宋春华.建立互动机制加快西部大开发[J].城市开发,2002,6:24-27.
    [218] 王其江.乡镇企业与小城镇互动机制及发展思路[J].郑州工业高等专科学校学报,2002,18(2):23-25.
    [219] 陈璐,薛维君.构建我国生态建设与经济发展互动机制的设想[J].经济研究参考,2003,7:31-32.
    [220] 王国祥.民族旅游地区保护与开发互动机制探索——云南省邱北县仙人洞彝 族文化生态村个案研究[J].云南社会科学,2003,2:75-78.
    [221] 缪小玲,曾菊新.建立可持续发展的城乡要素互动机制[J].科技创业,2004,9:8-10.
    [222] 朱延松.论农业产业化与农村城市化互动机制[J].求索,2004,8:32-33.
    [223] 赵敏燕,蒙睿,董文渊.论云南高原湖泊环境整治与湖泊旅游开发的互动机制[J].新疆环境保护,2004,26(1):13-16.
    [224] 叶裕民,黄壬侠.中国新型工业化与城市化互动机制研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2004,25(6):1-10.
    [225] 潘泽江,雷海章,曹明宏.壮大县域经济与统筹城乡发展互动机制[J].新疆农星经济,2004,4:25-27.
    [226] 青海省工程咨询中心.青海三江源自然保护区生态保护和建设总体规划[P],2004.
    [227] 李军乔.三江源地区生态环境重建对策研究[D].硕士学位论文,2002.
    [228] 邹大林.三江源自然保护区森林植物多样性及其重点保护植物评价[D].硕士学位论文,2005.
    [229] 何友均.三江源自然保护区主要林区种子植物多样性及其保护研究[D].博士学位论文,2005.
    [230] 青海省地方志编委员会.青海省志——长江黄河澜沧江源志[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000.
    [231] 奚国金、张家桢.西部生态[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2001.
    [232] 国家环境保护总局.全国生态现状调查与评估(西北卷)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
    [233] 胡玉婷.三江源地区的生态危机与保护建设战略探索[J].青海科技,2006,1:10-14.
    [234] 一迪.生态移民的困惑[J].华夏人文地理,2003,5:137-142.
    [235] 乔军.对三江源生态移民权利保障的思考[J].攀登,2006,25(146):124-126.
    [236] 李凌民.三江源自然保护区生态移民的几点思考[J].青海学刊,2003,6:34-35.
    [237] 崔献勇,海鹰,宋勇.我国西部生态脆弱区生态移民问题研究[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,23(4):72-76.
    [238] 刘学敏.西北地区生态移民的效果与问题探讨[J].中国农村经济,2002,4:47-52.
    [239] 张涛,张潜,张志良.三江源区生态移民的规模及其后续产业的选择[J].中 国人口科学,2005,S:28-33.
    [240] 百乐·司宝才仁.谈三江源生态移民及其文化变迁[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,3:52-56.
    [241] 殷淑燕.近40年秦岭南北地区气候变化及与El Nino/La Nina事件相关性分析[J].山地学报,2002,4,493-496.
    [242] 童长江,吴青柏,张森琦.拯救黄河源生态环境——对南水北调西线工程规划的一点看法[J].水利规划与设计,2004,4增版:20-25.
    [243] 谷源泽,李庆金,杨风栋,王静.黄河源地区水文水资源及生态环境变化研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2002,1:18-24.
    [244] 石培基,王录仓.甘川青交接区域民族经济发展研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
    [245] 周强,刘峰贵,张海峰,等.青海南部高寒区沙漠化灾害态势及驱动机制研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(4):39-45.
    [246] 隋欣,杨志峰.青海省沿黄12县自然灾害活动特征及承灾体脆弱性评价[J].灾害学,2004,19(3):7-12.
    [247] 岳建伟.黄河源区近十年来植被演变及生态环境研究[D].硕士学位论文,2002.
    [248] 田存梅,周克仪.黄河河源区水沙特征与组成的初步分析[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2004,40(4):340-343.
    [249] 王小梅.“三江源”生态难民问题研究[J].青海民族学院学报(社会科学版),2006,32(1):113-116.
    [250] 朱士光.制定并执行正确的政策是做好环境保护工作的基点——以中国黄土高原地区水土保持工作为例.朱士光,Dhirendra Vajpeyi.环境保护与可持续发展国际学术会议论文集[C].西安:陕西人民教育出版社,1997:19-25.
    [251] 张雁.三江源区气候变化及其影响与适应对策学术研讨会在北京召开[J].气候变化研究进展,2005,1(2):94.
    [252] 景晖,徐建龙.中清以来人类经济活动对三江源区生态环境的影响[J].攀登,2005,24(139):87-92.
    [253] 三江源自然保护区生态环境编委会.三江源自然保护区生态环境[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,2002.
    [254] 冯永忠,杨改河,杨世琦,等.畜牧业对江河源区生态环境演变的影响机理研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(11):77-80.
    [255] 冯永忠,杨改河,丁瑞霞.农作制度对江河源区域生态环境演变的作用机理 [J].中国农学通报,2005,21(6):367-370.
    [256] 任广鑫,杨改河,温秀卿,等.江河源区区域环境质量影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(3):1-4.
    [257] 延军平等.中国西北生态环境建设与制度创新[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
    [258] 李万寿,冯玲,孙胜利.扎陵湖、鄂陵湖对黄河源头年径流的影响[J].地理学报,2001,56(1):75-81.
    [259] 延军平等.秦岭南北环境响应程度比较[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
    [260] 杨志峰,李春晖.黄河流域天然径流量突变性与周期性特征[J].山地学报,2004,22(2):140-146.
    [261] Jose A. Marengo. Characteristics and spatio-temporal variability of the Amazon River Basin Water Budget[J]. Climate Dynamics, 2005, 24(1): 11-22.
    [262] Pavla Pekarova, Pavol Miklanek, Jan Pekar. Spatial and temporal runoff oscillation analysis of the main rivers of the world during the 19th-20th centuries[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2003, 274: 62-79.
    [263] 张文霖.主成分分析在SPSS中的操作应用[J].市场研究,2005,12:31-34.
    [264] 吴东美.恩格尔系数与基尼系数:关注经济发展的效率与公平[J].中国价格监督检查,2006,7:46-48.
    [265] 叶礼奇.基尼系数计算方法[J].中国统计,2003,4:58.
    [266] 徐万坪,杨能良.贫困度量指标[J].经济师,2004,11:35,37.
    [267] 刘建平,王选选.贫困程度测度方法与实证分析[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学),2003,25(2):53-57.
    [268] 蒋萍,王庆石,李婷.贫困程度的综合判断[J].西北人口,1996,2:11-12.
    [269] 王岩,周笃珺.兴海县土地资源的开发与保护[J].青海地质,2001,2:59-64.
    [270] 马宏义.玉树州中部天然草地载畜量调查与草食畜发展探讨[J].青海草业,2005,14(2):48-50.
    [271] 阿宝.玉树旅游——一块尚未开垦的处女地[J].中国西藏,2001,2:54-55.
    [272] Grant, J.P. The state of World' s Children in 1994[M].New York: UNICEF Oxford University Press, 1994.
    [273] 陈克龙,李峰,丁爱青,等.青海省可持续发展的定量分析[J].攀登,2004,23(135):80-82.
    [274] 王学全,卢琦.生态足迹理论在青海省共和县荒漠化自然资本核算中的应用 [J].林业科学,2005,41(3):12-17.
    [275] 魏建兵,肖笃宁,解伏菊.人类活动对生态环境的影响评价与调控原则[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(2):36-43.
    [276] 文英.人类活动强度定量评价方法的初步探讨[J].科学对社会的影响,1998,4:55-60.
    [276] 贺少华.区域发展学[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1999.
    [277] 陶斌义.国家创新系统的理论及其现实意义[J].理论与现代化,1999(12):41-42.
    [278] 胡锦涛.在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上的讲话[J].生态环境与保护,2004(6):4-8.
    [279] 张红娟,延军平,周立花,等.区域经济互动发展主要类型及实施对策[J].重庆工商大学学报(西部论坛),2006,16(6):45-48.
    [280] 黄伟,张阿玲,张晓华.建立我国统筹区域发展与区域间投入产出模型[J].科技创业月刊,2006,1:1-2.
    [281] 马中.环境与资源经济学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
    [282] 黄贤凤.江苏省经济-资源-环境协调发展系统动态仿真研究[D].硕士学位论文,2005,15~16.
    [283] 黄小青.南宁市协调发展系统动力学模型[D].硕士学位论文,2003,5-7.
    [284] 李宝山.管理经济学[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002.
    [285] 吴晓青,陀正阳,杨春明,等.生态建设系统动力学——生态建设动力凝聚、组织和发动[J].云南环境科学,2002,21(1):1-4.
    [286] 徐小玲,延军平.毛乌素沙地沙产业的环境效应及绿色沙产业的实施途径研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(2):240-243.
    [287] 冯利华.水资源变化趋势的灰色聚类预测[J].资源科学,1999,21(3):11-15.
    [288] 王淑强,董锁成,王新,等.定西市经济与生态环境互动机理研究[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):106-111.
    [289] Ekins P. The Kuznets curve for the environment and economic growth: examining the evidence [J]. Environment and Planning, 1997, 5: 805-830.
    [290] 王育宝,李国平.环境治理的经济学分析[J].江西财经大学学报,2003,6:27-31.
    [291] 胡培兆,陈其林.环境库兹涅茨曲线的再思考——兼论中国经济发展过程中的环境问题[C].“2005年中国经济学年会”论文,2005,1-7.
    [292] 《经济与环境协调发展》课题组.论经济与生态环境的协调发展[J].重庆大 学学报(社会科学版),1999,2:25-27.
    [293] 王先霞,高军莉.试论生态环境与经济发展的关系[J].胜利学刊,1998,12(3):29-32.
    [294] 史建俊.西部生态重建绩效分析与财政投资机制创新研究[D].硕士学位论文,2004.
    [295] 王冬平.贫困地区生态重建与经济发展的良性互动机制研究[D].硕士学位论文,2005.
    [296] 李香兰.西部地区产业发展生态化的政策支持[J].理论研究,2006,5:2-5.
    [297] 人行玉树中支课题组.三江源地区生态环境建设及资金支持情况的调查[J].青海金融.2006,10:7-10.
    [298] 舒基元.寻找经济发展和生态环保双赢之路——兼议欠发达地区发展工业应注意的几个问题[J].决策咨询,2004,8:17-18.
    [299] 陈秀山,刘红.区域协调发展要健全区域互动机制[J].党政干部学刊,2006,1:26-28.
    [300] 陈晓华,张小林.边缘化地区核心竞争力提升的产业生态化创新策略[J].南京财经大学学报,2005,3:18-25.
    [301] 刘彦随,靳晓燕,胡业翠.黄土丘陵沟壑区农村特色生态经济模式探讨——以陕西绥德县为例[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(5):738-745.
    [302] 胡平,赵宝义,周晓丽.翁牛特旗“四位一体”庭院生态经济模式试验示范及效益分析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2006,29(4):60-61.
    [303] 宋先花,蔡运龙.西南喀斯特石漠化地区生态建设产业化初探[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(3):87-89,133.
    [304] 延军平等.西部大开发的战略与对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
    [305] 延军平,严艳.陕甘宁边区生态购买设计与操作途径[J].地理学报,2002(3):343-353.
    [306] 吴学灿,洪尚群,吴晓青.生态补偿与生态购买[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(1):113-114.
    [307] 郎秀华,王春华.对婺源县生态品牌产业的初浅探析[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,5(3):117-118.
    [308] 李泉.不发达地区产业经济生态化发展初论——以青海省为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(2):112-116.
    [309] 方创琳,刘海燕.三江源区生态型产业的发展与示范区建设思路.山地学报,2006,24(6):744-760.
    [310] 蔡守秋,张嘉强,张建伟.三江源区生态与环境保护的监督管理对策[J].中国水利,2006,10:1-3,11.
    [311] 刘敏超,李迪强,温琰茂.三江源区湿地生态系统功能分析及保育[J].生态科学,2006,25(1):64-68.
    [312] 刘晓琼,徐小玲,薛亮,等.三江源地区县域经济发展与生态建设互动研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(1):22-26.
    [313] 穆赤·云登嘉措.关于三江源区生态建设与生态补偿问题的思考[J].青海社会科学,2006,1:48-50.
    [314] 王作全,王佐龙,张立.关于生态补偿机制基本法律问题研究——以三江源国家级自然保护区生物多样性保护为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(1):101-107.
    [315] 张明铁,那艳芬,多化清.内蒙古生态建设产业化经营的思考[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003,5(4):9-10,14.
    [316] 隋凤富.“九三模式”——绿色生态产业化经营模式[J].中国经贸导刊,2003,2:52.
    [317] 刘冰,洪家宜.韩城:从生态经济到生态产业[J].中国林业,2002,12(B):34-35.
    [318] 马茹芳.关于三江源区生态移民的思考[J].草业与畜牧,2006,4:45-46.
    [319] 马明,周鸣和,马文兴,等.生态移民理论与实践研究[J].市场经济研究,2002,S1:10-24.
    [320] 赵霞.三江源地区生态旅游规划初探[J].国土与自然资源研究,2005,4:60-62.
    [321] 李春花.黄河源区玛多县中藏药资源保护性开发诌议[J].甘肃农业,2005,4:42.
    [322] 刘峰贵,张海峰,张镱锂,等.“三江源自然保护区”资源利用与环境对策[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,2:86-90.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700