纯电动轿车动力总成控制系统的研究
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摘要
纯电动汽车是由蓄电池输出电能,采用电动机驱动,单一动力源的汽车。其具有零排放的特点,与燃料电池汽车,混合动力汽车相比,具有许多共同的关键性技术,整车结构相对简单,成本较低,特别适用于城市运行工况,因而对纯电动汽车的研究具有重大意义。
本文围绕国家“863”计划电动汽车重大专项“QR纯电动轿车”(2002AA501700)项目动力总成控制系统开展了深入系统的理论和试验研究,在广泛调研国内外电动汽车发展状况的基础上,主要完成了整车系统功能设计,动力总成驱动控制、能量回馈控制,高压电管理系统的研究,控制程序的编写,仿真平台的建立及实车道路试验等一系列的工作。
本文基于整车多节点控制器的架构,采用分层控制的思想,定义了各个控制器的功能及交互接口,为各控制器节点之间设计了CAN通讯网络,搭建了QREV的整车平台。围绕延长纯电动汽车续驶里程这一核心问题,研究了动力总成驱动控制技术,提出了整车经济运行与动力运行模式,将整车运行划分为起步、驱动、失效、空转及能量回馈等五种状态并研究了相应的控制策略。深入分析了电动汽车能量回馈的原理,提出了滑行能量回馈模式及制动能量回馈模式,并提出一种基于常规汽车制动结构的电动汽车能量回馈控制系统,研究了整车与驱动电机的交互策略,运用无刷直流电机扭矩闭环的PI调节器及半桥调制实现了能量回馈,为电动汽车的能量回馈提供了易于实现的工程解决方案。开发了电动汽车高压电管理系统ADM(Auto Disconnect Module),可监测高压电路的绝缘、预充电、接地及高压互锁等八种高压电路状态,并于高压电试验台证明了ADM高压接触器动态响应良好,在135ms内完成高压接触器稳定闭合接通过程,可于13ms内迅速断开接触器,比GB/T 18384.1-2001中20ms切断高压的响应速度要求提高35%,完全满足国标及SAE的安全性能指标。为调试动力总成控制器,基于MC68376开发了动力总成控制器的硬件在环仿真系统,于上位PC机里建立了整车模型,电机模型及蓄电池模型,采用了Labview图形语言及C语言,多线程的编程技术,实现了内嵌模型与图形监测界面的调用,保证了上位机运行的实时响应。
所研究的成果运用于国家“863”计划电动汽车重大专项“QR纯电动轿车”(2002AA501700)上,并于专用试车场进行了道路试验,整车性能良好,0～50km加速为8.4s,采用制动回馈技术后,能量回馈率达9%,车辆续驶里程达300多公里,超出国家科技部要求50%,整车性能通过了第三方检测机构北方车辆所的检验,圆满通过国家科技部验收。
Pure electric vehicle uses motor as driving unit and power batteries as single energy sources, which can realize zero emissions. Comparing with fuel cell vehicle and hybrid vehicle, it has the most common key technologies, simpler structure and lower cost. It is much better for city cycle running. Therefore it is very important to do research and development for pure EV.
Based on the national high technology research and development program“863”, No. 2002AA501700, this research focus on the powertrain system of“QR pure electric vehicle”(QREV) and engage in systemic theory and experiment study. With detailed investigation on current domestic and international electric vehicle (EV) status, this paper studies QREV system function design, powertrain driving control, energy regeneration (ER) control and high voltage administration system. The control program, simulation platform and real road test were also described in this paper.
The delaminating control mode was used to manage QREV multipoint controller and the mutual interface of every control unit were studied. The CAN communication network was designed to make the vehicle control platform. In order to extend pure EV running distance, this thesis focused on powertrain driving control technology research. The economy mode and power mode were designed and the related control strategy was studied, which contains start, drive, fail, idle and ER mode. With the energy regeneration principle deeply analyzing the cruising energy and braking energy regeneration was designed. Based on the regular braking system, B mode and C mode of ER method was developed, PI torque closed-loop control for brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) and PWM half bridge control method were designed, which provides a feasible method for ER engineering application. The auto disconnect module (ADM) was developed in this thesis, which can monitor insulation, pre-charge, grounding and high voltage inter-lock, total eight type of high voltage status. With high voltage experiment, ADM had very good dynamic respond. It can finish the high voltage connect within 135ms and disconnect in 13ms, which was 35% quicker than GB/T 18384.1―2001 request. Its performance can meet National and SAE safety criteria. The hardware in loop (HIL) simulation was built for the powertrain control module (PTCM) debugging in this paper. The vehicle model, BLDC model and battery model were built in PC. The Labview graphic language, C language and multithreading programming skill were used to make the models and graphic monitoring interface transferring, which ensure the HIL system real time respond.
The research was applied on national high technology research and development program“863.QR pure electric vehicle”, No. 2002AA501700. The QREV has good driving capability and can acceleate to 50km within 8.4s. The energy feedback can reach 9% with ER technology. The vehicle can run more than 300km, which is 50% higher than national science and technology department request. The vehicle performance met the inspection of North China vehicle quality certificated research institute and National science and technology department’s validation.
本文围绕国家“863”计划电动汽车重大专项“QR纯电动轿车”(2002AA501700)项目动力总成控制系统开展了深入系统的理论和试验研究,在广泛调研国内外电动汽车发展状况的基础上,主要完成了整车系统功能设计,动力总成驱动控制、能量回馈控制,高压电管理系统的研究,控制程序的编写,仿真平台的建立及实车道路试验等一系列的工作。
本文基于整车多节点控制器的架构,采用分层控制的思想,定义了各个控制器的功能及交互接口,为各控制器节点之间设计了CAN通讯网络,搭建了QREV的整车平台。围绕延长纯电动汽车续驶里程这一核心问题,研究了动力总成驱动控制技术,提出了整车经济运行与动力运行模式,将整车运行划分为起步、驱动、失效、空转及能量回馈等五种状态并研究了相应的控制策略。深入分析了电动汽车能量回馈的原理,提出了滑行能量回馈模式及制动能量回馈模式,并提出一种基于常规汽车制动结构的电动汽车能量回馈控制系统,研究了整车与驱动电机的交互策略,运用无刷直流电机扭矩闭环的PI调节器及半桥调制实现了能量回馈,为电动汽车的能量回馈提供了易于实现的工程解决方案。开发了电动汽车高压电管理系统ADM(Auto Disconnect Module),可监测高压电路的绝缘、预充电、接地及高压互锁等八种高压电路状态,并于高压电试验台证明了ADM高压接触器动态响应良好,在135ms内完成高压接触器稳定闭合接通过程,可于13ms内迅速断开接触器,比GB/T 18384.1-2001中20ms切断高压的响应速度要求提高35%,完全满足国标及SAE的安全性能指标。为调试动力总成控制器,基于MC68376开发了动力总成控制器的硬件在环仿真系统,于上位PC机里建立了整车模型,电机模型及蓄电池模型,采用了Labview图形语言及C语言,多线程的编程技术,实现了内嵌模型与图形监测界面的调用,保证了上位机运行的实时响应。
所研究的成果运用于国家“863”计划电动汽车重大专项“QR纯电动轿车”(2002AA501700)上,并于专用试车场进行了道路试验,整车性能良好,0～50km加速为8.4s,采用制动回馈技术后,能量回馈率达9%,车辆续驶里程达300多公里,超出国家科技部要求50%,整车性能通过了第三方检测机构北方车辆所的检验,圆满通过国家科技部验收。
Pure electric vehicle uses motor as driving unit and power batteries as single energy sources, which can realize zero emissions. Comparing with fuel cell vehicle and hybrid vehicle, it has the most common key technologies, simpler structure and lower cost. It is much better for city cycle running. Therefore it is very important to do research and development for pure EV.
Based on the national high technology research and development program“863”, No. 2002AA501700, this research focus on the powertrain system of“QR pure electric vehicle”(QREV) and engage in systemic theory and experiment study. With detailed investigation on current domestic and international electric vehicle (EV) status, this paper studies QREV system function design, powertrain driving control, energy regeneration (ER) control and high voltage administration system. The control program, simulation platform and real road test were also described in this paper.
The delaminating control mode was used to manage QREV multipoint controller and the mutual interface of every control unit were studied. The CAN communication network was designed to make the vehicle control platform. In order to extend pure EV running distance, this thesis focused on powertrain driving control technology research. The economy mode and power mode were designed and the related control strategy was studied, which contains start, drive, fail, idle and ER mode. With the energy regeneration principle deeply analyzing the cruising energy and braking energy regeneration was designed. Based on the regular braking system, B mode and C mode of ER method was developed, PI torque closed-loop control for brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) and PWM half bridge control method were designed, which provides a feasible method for ER engineering application. The auto disconnect module (ADM) was developed in this thesis, which can monitor insulation, pre-charge, grounding and high voltage inter-lock, total eight type of high voltage status. With high voltage experiment, ADM had very good dynamic respond. It can finish the high voltage connect within 135ms and disconnect in 13ms, which was 35% quicker than GB/T 18384.1―2001 request. Its performance can meet National and SAE safety criteria. The hardware in loop (HIL) simulation was built for the powertrain control module (PTCM) debugging in this paper. The vehicle model, BLDC model and battery model were built in PC. The Labview graphic language, C language and multithreading programming skill were used to make the models and graphic monitoring interface transferring, which ensure the HIL system real time respond.
The research was applied on national high technology research and development program“863.QR pure electric vehicle”, No. 2002AA501700. The QREV has good driving capability and can acceleate to 50km within 8.4s. The energy feedback can reach 9% with ER technology. The vehicle can run more than 300km, which is 50% higher than national science and technology department request. The vehicle performance met the inspection of North China vehicle quality certificated research institute and National science and technology department’s validation.
引文
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