变压器油中微水含量在线监测系统研究
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摘要
变压器油是变压器内部重要的液体绝缘介质,起绝缘、冷却和消弧的作用。变压器油中存在的微量水分会使设备的绝缘性能大大降低,严重时可导致绝缘击穿、烧毁设备等重大事故。通过控制变压器油中微水含量不仅可以防止其绝缘强度降低至危险水平,还可以对变压器整体绝缘状况进行评估以及对设备密封性做出判断。因此,对变压器油中微水含量实施在线监测对变压器设备的安全可靠运行具有十分重要的意义。
论文研究了变压器油中水分产生的原因,变压器中水分动态变化的机理以及油纸间水分含量平衡关系,分析了变压器油中微量水分的存在形态以及对变压器绝缘性能的危害。针对现行变压器油中水分测量方法的不足和局限,提出了对变压器油中微水含量实施在线监测的具体方法。
结合目前湿度传感器的研究现状,以及在线监测的具体要求,选择了聚酰亚胺薄膜电容式湿度传感器作为微水含量监测传感器。设计了变压器油中微水含量在线监测系统;通过对传感器输出信号的转换,实现了温湿度信号利用计算机串口的数据采集;并对湿度传感器在变压器油环境中的特性进行了研究。
通过分析变压器油中水分的相关理论,建立了基于神经网络的变压器油中水分监测模型;该模型不仅可以评估变压器油中的微水含量,而且通过比较油中微水含量的模型计算值与其测量值,可以发现变压器中导致油中微水含量异常变化的故障。并通过模拟实验验证了该模型的准确性。
The transformer oil is an important liquid dielectric material in the transformer; it plays the roles of insulation, cooling and extinction of arc. The presence of moisture can deteriorate transformers’insulation performance drastically. Severely, it can lead to some catastrophic accidents such as insulation breakdown and transformer burnout. Through the control of moisture content in oil, it can not only prevent insulation strength from decreasing to dangerous level, but also evaluate the whole insulation status of transformers, and estimate the leak tightness of the apparatuses. Hence, the on-line monitoring of moisture in transformer oil is of great significance to the operation safety of transformers.
The generation reasons of moisture in oil, the mechanism of moisture dynamics in the transformer oil, and paper-oil moisture equilibrium is studied in the paper. Also the moisture states existing in oil and the hazard to transformer insulation property is analyzed. Considering the disadvantage and limitation of current measurements of moisture in oil, a detailed scheme of on-line monitoring for moisture in oil is proposed.
Considering the study status of sensors and the requirement of on-line monitoring, the polyimide-based capacitive humidity sensor is selected as moisture sensor. The on-line monitoring system for moisture in transformer oil is developed. Through the conversion of the output of sensor, data sampling of moisture and temperature signals are realized with the computer serial ports. The performance of sensor in the transformer oil condition is studied.
According to the analysis of the relevant theoretical foundation of moisture in transformer oil, a moisture-in-oil monitoring model based on neural network is put forward in the paper. This model can not only estimate moisture in transformer oil, but also can detect faults which can cause the abnormal variation of water content in the transformer oil through comparing the value of estimated moisture with the measured ones. And the validity of the model confirmed through simulation experiments.
论文研究了变压器油中水分产生的原因,变压器中水分动态变化的机理以及油纸间水分含量平衡关系,分析了变压器油中微量水分的存在形态以及对变压器绝缘性能的危害。针对现行变压器油中水分测量方法的不足和局限,提出了对变压器油中微水含量实施在线监测的具体方法。
结合目前湿度传感器的研究现状,以及在线监测的具体要求,选择了聚酰亚胺薄膜电容式湿度传感器作为微水含量监测传感器。设计了变压器油中微水含量在线监测系统;通过对传感器输出信号的转换,实现了温湿度信号利用计算机串口的数据采集;并对湿度传感器在变压器油环境中的特性进行了研究。
通过分析变压器油中水分的相关理论,建立了基于神经网络的变压器油中水分监测模型;该模型不仅可以评估变压器油中的微水含量,而且通过比较油中微水含量的模型计算值与其测量值,可以发现变压器中导致油中微水含量异常变化的故障。并通过模拟实验验证了该模型的准确性。
The transformer oil is an important liquid dielectric material in the transformer; it plays the roles of insulation, cooling and extinction of arc. The presence of moisture can deteriorate transformers’insulation performance drastically. Severely, it can lead to some catastrophic accidents such as insulation breakdown and transformer burnout. Through the control of moisture content in oil, it can not only prevent insulation strength from decreasing to dangerous level, but also evaluate the whole insulation status of transformers, and estimate the leak tightness of the apparatuses. Hence, the on-line monitoring of moisture in transformer oil is of great significance to the operation safety of transformers.
The generation reasons of moisture in oil, the mechanism of moisture dynamics in the transformer oil, and paper-oil moisture equilibrium is studied in the paper. Also the moisture states existing in oil and the hazard to transformer insulation property is analyzed. Considering the disadvantage and limitation of current measurements of moisture in oil, a detailed scheme of on-line monitoring for moisture in oil is proposed.
Considering the study status of sensors and the requirement of on-line monitoring, the polyimide-based capacitive humidity sensor is selected as moisture sensor. The on-line monitoring system for moisture in transformer oil is developed. Through the conversion of the output of sensor, data sampling of moisture and temperature signals are realized with the computer serial ports. The performance of sensor in the transformer oil condition is studied.
According to the analysis of the relevant theoretical foundation of moisture in transformer oil, a moisture-in-oil monitoring model based on neural network is put forward in the paper. This model can not only estimate moisture in transformer oil, but also can detect faults which can cause the abnormal variation of water content in the transformer oil through comparing the value of estimated moisture with the measured ones. And the validity of the model confirmed through simulation experiments.
引文
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[49] 谢长江,采用 IC 传感器的相对湿度测量,测控技术,1999,Vol.18,No.8: 50-52
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[51] S. Fuiita, Y. Kamei, Electrical properties of polyimide with water absorption, 1lth International Symposium on Electrets, 2002, 275-278
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[53] 谢廷贵,杨锦赐,电容式聚酰亚胺薄膜湿度敏感器的研究,厦门大学学报,Vol. 34 No. 4,1995.7,557-561
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[55] Peter J. Schubert, A Polyimide-Based capacitive Humidity Sensor, 1985, IEEE Transaction on electron devices, Vol. ED-32, No. 7:1220-1223
[56] J. Mecher, Dielectric Effects of Moisture in Polyimide, IEEE Transaction on electrical insulation, 1989, Vol.24, No.1:31-38
[36] 胡雨龙,六氟化硫绝缘开关气体中微水含量在线监测原理与方法的研究,重庆大学硕士论文,2002.5
[37] S. Itahashi, H .Mitsui, T. Sato, and M.Sone, State of Water in Hydrocarbon Liquids and its Effect on Conductivity, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 2 No. 8, December 1995, pp: 1117-1122
[38] S.Itahashi, Yhayashi, K.Ohta, M.Sone, The Effect of the State of Bound Water in Aged Transformer Oil on Conductivity, Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids(ICDL '99), Nara, Japan, July 20-25, 1999, pp.286-289
[39] 梁曦东,陈昌渔,周远翔编著,高电压工程,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.9
[40] 王聪玲,于萍,罗运柏等,变压器油介损增大的原因分析与再生处理,高电压技术,1997.9,vol.23,No.3,pp:62-64
[41] 刘迎春,现代新型传感器原理与应用,国防工业出版社,1998.1
[42] 单成祥,传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用,北京,国防工业出版社,第一版,1999.466-472
[43] 冯英,传感器电路原理与应用,成都,电子科技大学出版社,第一版,1997.356-357
[44] 黄继昌,传感器工作原理及应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社,第一版,1998.77-83
[45] Bruno Patissier, Humidity sensor for automotive, appliances and consumer applications, sensors and actuators, B 59, 1999:231-234
[46] 杨慕杰,李扬,高分子型湿敏传感结构材料及器件,高分子通报,No.3,1999.9: 34-41
[47] 孙彦良,国外湿度传感器发展动态,传感器技术,1996,Vol.15,No.2: 1-4
[48] 刘崇进,高分子湿度传感器的发展概况和发展方向,仪器技术与传感器 1997,No.3:6-9
[49] 谢长江,采用 IC 传感器的相对湿度测量,测控技术,1999,Vol.18,No.8: 50-52
[50] 邹德恕,王东风,高国,新型电容式湿度传感器简介,传感器世界,1996.9:35-37
[51] S. Fuiita, Y. Kamei, Electrical properties of polyimide with water absorption, 1lth International Symposium on Electrets, 2002, 275-278
[52] Uksong Kang, Kensall D. Wise, A High Speed Capacitive Humidity Sensor with On Chip Thermal Reset, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.47, No.4, April 2000, 702-710
[53] 谢廷贵,杨锦赐,电容式聚酰亚胺薄膜湿度敏感器的研究,厦门大学学报,Vol. 34 No. 4,1995.7,557-561
[54] 谢琼,杨文,常爱民,康健,湿度传感器用聚酰亚胺材料亚胺化工艺研究,应用化工,Vol. 32 No. 6,2003. 12: 20-22
[55] Peter J. Schubert, A Polyimide-Based capacitive Humidity Sensor, 1985, IEEE Transaction on electron devices, Vol. ED-32, No. 7:1220-1223
[56] J. Mecher, Dielectric Effects of Moisture in Polyimide, IEEE Transaction on electrical insulation, 1989, Vol.24, No.1:31-38
[2] 祝景中,浅析变压器油中的水分,中国电力,1996,Vol.29,No.3:61-62
[3] 王小莺等译,变压器实用技术大全,北京,机械工业出版社,2004.3
[4] 刘玉仙,油纸绝缘变压器中水分的聚积及其对热老化寿命的影响,变压器,2004,Vol.41,No.2:8-12
[5] 李义仓,变压器油中微水数据的校正与绝缘受潮的探讨,变压器,1995,No.11:34-36
[6] 杨保初,刘晓波,戴玉松编著,高电压技术,重庆,重庆大学出版社,2002.1
[7] 郭洪波,透平油微水含量对系统的影响及在线检测方法研究,哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2001.7
[8] 闫春江,油浸电力变压器固体绝缘老化的诊断及其应用,西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.3
[9] 周渠,变压器油中微水含量在线监测原理和方法的研究,重庆大学硕士论文,1998.5
[10] 张立臣,盖赫莉,许峰,李玉峰,试论绝缘油中微量水分,黑龙江环境通报,1997,Vol.21,No.2:48-51
[11] Y. Julliard, R. Badent and A. J. Schwab, Influence of Water Content on Breakdown Behavior of Transformer Oil, 2001 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp.544-547
[12] Belén García, Juan Carlos Burgos, ángel Alonso, Javier Sanz, A Moisture-in-Oil Model for Power Transformer Monitoring—Part I: Theoretical Foundation, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue: 2, pp: 1417-1422
[13] A. Shkolnik, Determination of Water Content in Transformer Insulation, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL 2002), July 7-12, 2002, pp.337-340
[14] Michael Webb, Water in oils, The Institution of Electrical Engineers. Printed and published by the IEE, Savoy Place, London UK. 1996
[15] Y. Du, M. Zahn, B. C. Lesieutm, A. V. Mamishev, and S. R. Lindgren, Moisture equilibrium in transformer paper-oil systems, IEEE Electr.Insul. Mag., vol.15, pp.11-20, Jan.-Feb. 1999
[16] 揭景耀,刘宏,在线监测变压器绝缘油含水量新方法,华东交通大学学报,1997,Vol.14,No.2:5-9
[17] 张文相,变压器试验技术,变压器,1999,Vol.36,No.11: 加 1-2
[18] 孙才新,周渠,杜林,唐炬,变压器油中微水含量的实时测量,高电压技术,1998,Vol.24,No.1:64-66
[19] 林永平,变压器绝缘油微量水分不同测定方法的比较与分析,广东电力,1995,No.3:54-56
[20] 吴勇,王彩云,夏志新,液压油含水量的红外光谱测量方法研究,中国矿业大学学报,2000.3,Vol.29,No.2:195-198
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