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基于线阵CCD的条纹计数器系统研究
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摘要
光学干涉测量技术是以光波干涉原理为基础的一门技术,不但是实验物理学的重要方法,而且广泛应用于其它学科。与一般的光学测量方法相比,光学干涉测量技术具有更高的灵敏度和精度。因为干涉仪是以干涉条纹来反映被测物理量,如位移、折射率、波长等的变化信息,所以对于涉条纹的自动记录和处理是干涉测量技术的重要发展方向。本文从迈克尔逊干涉仪实验出发,提出了采用电荷耦合器件设计的一种新型条纹计数系统。
     电荷藕合器件(CCD)是一种半导体成像器件。这种器件借助于必要的光学系统和适合的驱动电路,可以将景物的图像以光电信号形式转移、存储、传输和处理。近二十年来,CCD技术已经广泛应用于军用和民用各个领域,尤其是随着工业自动化程度的提高以及工业现场的需要,在检测和监控方面的应用也越来越普及。
     本文应用线阵CCD-TCD1251UD对固定点强度变化进行了研究。在此基础上,利用单片机、模拟数字电子技术及光电检测技术设计了一套条纹计数器系统。
     通过对线阵CCD条纹计数装置的系统分析确定了光学系统的构成和线阵CCD信号输出处理系统的方案。在开发硬件装置的基础上,完成了基于C51的单片机编程,利用该程序实现了对模数转换采集的控制和数据的读取功能。另外,本文还介绍了基于LabVIEW的上位机程序开发,利用该程序可以完成与下位机的数据通信及实验数据的记录,并可以给出条纹电压变化趋势图等。
     论文共分为六章,第一章主要介绍了课题的背景及意义、CCD简介与应用现状和发展前景、本文的内容及主要工作;第二章阐述了条纹计数器系统的设计理论和器件的选择;第三章主要阐述了装置的硬件设计;第四章主要阐述了装置的软件设计;第五章主要阐述了装置的调试及实验结果,并对实验结果进行了分析;第六章作了全文的总结及展望。
Interferometric measuring technique is based on the opticalinterference principle. It is not only an important method in experimentalphysics but also widely applied in other subjects. Comparing with thecommon optical measuring method, interferometric measuring techniquehas higher sensitivity and precision. Because several physical parameterssuch as displacement, refractive index, wavelength are reflected byinterference fringes of interferometer, automatic recording andprocessiong of the interference fringes is one of the importantdevelopment of interferometry measuring technique. According to theexperiment of michelson interferometer, a new interference fringe countersystem was designed by using charge coupled device (CCD).
     CCD is one kind of semiconductor imaging components. With theaid of necessary optical system and drive circuit, it can shift, store,transmit, and process the scenery picture by the photo-electricity signal.During the recent 20 years, the CCD technology has been widely appliedto military and civil fields. In particular along with the enhancement ofindustrial automation degree as well as the industry scene need, theapplication of CCD is more and more popular in the examination andmonitoring.
     Linear CCD-TCD1251UD was applied to conduct the research tothe fixed point intensity change in this article. In this foundation, a set ofstrips counters system was designed by use of the SCM, theanalog-digital electronic technology and the photo-electricity measuringtechnique.
     According to the analysis of the linear CCD strip countingequipment, the optical system constitution and the linear CCD signaloutput processing system was determined in the article. And this articlecompleted the SCM procedure. This procedure realized that control andread the A/D conversion. Moreover, this article also introduced computerprocedure basing on the LabVIEW. This procedure complete thecomputer and MSC' data communication, and also produce the stripvoltage chang tendency chart.
     The paper was altogether divided into six chapters, first chapter mainly introduced the topic's background and significance, the CCDsynopsis and the application present situation and the prospects fordevelopment, this paper's content and the main work; Second chapterelaborated the stripe counter system's design theory and the parts of anapparatus'choice; Third chapter mainly elaborated the equipment'shardware design; Fourth chapter mainly elaborated the equipment'ssoftware design; Fifth chapter mainly elaborated the equipmentdebugging and the experimental result, and have carried on the analysis tothe experimental result; Sixth chapter has made the full text summary andthe forecast.
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