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纳米级氧化物复合PAM絮凝剂的制备及在石化废水处理中的应用
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摘要
纳米技术是近些年来的热门技术,它已经渗透到各个学科领域。本论文利用纳米材料独有的强吸附性、高比表面积的特点,研究制备出高效纳米复合絮凝剂。
     本论文对合成聚丙烯酰胺的单体浓度、引发剂含量、反应时间及反应温度这四个关键性因素进行正交实验,得出合成聚丙烯酰胺的最佳条件为:单体浓度25%,引发剂(过硫酸钾)浓度0.02%,反应时间6h,反应温度20℃。
     在上述最佳实验条件下,选用三种纳米级氧化物TiO_2、SiO_2、Al_2O_3分别与丙烯酰胺复合反应,考察了偶联剂KH570用量以及纳米氧化物的加入量对高岭土模拟废水絮凝效果和絮凝速度的影响。相比而言,SiO_2效果最好,TiO_2次之,Al_2O_3最差。这可能与纳米级氧化物的比表面积有关,SiO_2的比表面积达到了640 m~2·g~(-1),TiO_2的比表面积为210 m~2·g~(-1),Al_2O_3的比表面积仅为180 m~2·g~(-1),这说明比表面积越大,则纳米级氧化物的吸附能力就越强,相应的处理水的效果越好。
     通过纳米SiO_2粒子和分散于聚丙烯酰胺的纳米SiO_2粒子的红外光谱和扫描电镜分析,纳米SiO_2粒子成功地与聚丙烯酰胺复合在一起,并依然在100nm范围之内。
     所得的纳米复合絮凝剂处理胜华炼厂和稠油厂含油废水的结果表明,纳米复合PAM的絮凝效果要远好于普通PAM,且絮体粗大,沉降时间明显缩短。同时,纳米复合PAM以水溶液状态保存数月后,其絮凝能力下降很小,显示出优异的抗老化降解性能。
Nano-technology is the most popular technology in recent years, and it has penetrated intomost subject fields. The high efficiency nano-composite flocculant is synthesized using nanomaterialunique characteristics of high surface area and strong adsorption performance.
     The four key factors of monomer concentration, initiator content, reaction time andreaction temperature are analyzed through orthogonal experiment. the best conditions ofsynthesis of polyacrylamide are : monomer concentration of 25%, initiator (kaliumperoxodisulfate) concentration of 0.02%, reaction time 6h, the reaction temperature 20℃.
     On the above best experimental conditions, three nano-oxides of TiO_2, SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 areapplied to synthesize with acrylamide monomer. Utilizing a Kaolin suspension as a simulatedwastewater, the impacts of the amount of coupling agent KH570 and the addition of nanooxideson the flocculation effect of Kaolin suspension are investigated. By comparison, theeffect of SiO_2 is the best, TiO_2 second, and Al_2O_3 is the worst. This may be due to the surfacearea of nano-oxides. The SiO_2 surface area reaches 640 m~2·g~(-1), the TiO_2 surface area of 210m~2·g~(-1), and Al_2O_3 surface area is only 180 m~2·g~(-1). The greater the surface area is, the strongerthe nano-oxide adsorption capacity is, and the better the flocculation results will be.
     Through IR Spectrum and SEM Micrograph analysis of Nano-SiO_2 and Nano-SiO_2Dispersing in PAM,the nano-composite flocculant is synthesized successfully.
     The nano-composite flocculant is used to treat the waste water from Shenghua oil refineryand heavy oil refinery. The flocculation results show that:the nano-composite PAM exhibitsa quicker flocculating rate and a better removing property than ordinary PAM,especially, thecomposite PAM demonstrates to have the excellent property of resisting degradation.
引文
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