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纳米TiO_2对氯醚树脂及其防腐涂料性能的影响
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展,海洋和西部大开发战略的顺利推进,大量的钢铁设施不断涌现,对长效、环保、高耐候性涂料的要求越来越高,但是目前防腐蚀涂料还无法满足这种需要,尤其是耐候性方面。氯醚树脂涂料清洁环保、性能优良,具有巨大应用前景,但目前研究极少;纳米二氧化钛具有强紫外线屏蔽功能,可能提高防腐涂料性能。因此,本文利用沉降法和TEM研究了纳米二氧化钛分散的最佳条件,利用交流阻抗和紫外加速老化、红外、光电子能谱等实验和分析手段研究了几种典型的商品化纳米二氧化钛对氯醚树脂及其防腐涂料力学性能、耐候性和耐蚀性等性能的影响,探讨了其作用机理,并获得了最佳防腐蚀涂料配方。首次开展了纳米二氧化钛在氯醚树脂涂料中应用的一系列探索性研究。
    对纳米二氧化钛和分散剂种类进行了筛选,发现了不同种类和表面处理方法制备的纳米二氧化钛分散性能差别较大;得到了分散剂用量,纳米二氧化钛的分散剂用量约为普通二氧化钛的10-15倍。
    添加金红石型纳米二氧化钛(B)可以提高涂层硬度1-2个等级层,添加锐钛型纳米二氧化钛(A)没有变化,表明纳米粒子大小和形貌对涂层力学性能影响较大。
    两种晶型的纳米二氧化钛在紫外线作用下对树脂的影响不同,A明显加速氯醚树脂的老化,B却能显著屏蔽紫外线、减轻树脂的老化,提出并验证了氯醚树脂紫外线加速老化的机理为:纳米二氧化钛表面产生的自由基攻击树脂中亚甲基的氢原子,发生脱氯化氢生成双键;双键被臭氧氧化发生断链裂解。研究者首次发现了氯醚树脂涂层中氯元素和氧元素“趋肤效应”,即氯、氧元素趋于表面分布,钛元素却趋于内层分布,该效应对涂层性能的影响有待进一步研究。
    室内紫外线加速实验的老化速度较户外暴晒实验慢,对此现象作者提出了水分对氯醚树脂紫外线老化具有加速作用。
    直接添加纳米二氧化钛的商品化防腐涂层耐浸泡性能和交流阻抗值随添加量增加而降低,利用临界体积浓度(CPVC)理论等解释了该现象;通过实验获得了如下最佳涂料配方为:0.5-1.0g纳米TiO2(B),25.6g氯醚树脂,33.4g二甲苯,1.4g氯化石蜡52#,1.5g 15%有机膨润土浆,0.8g氧化铬绿,7.7g云母氧化铁灰,0.6g非浮型铝粉。

    INFLUENCE OF NANO-TIO2 ON THE PERFORMANCE OF POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE CO-ISOBUTYL VINYL ETHER) AND ITS ANTI-CORROSION COATING
    XIANG Bin (Marine chemistry)
    Directed by: Professor HOU Baorong
    With the rapid development of national economy and the advance of ocean and west exploitation strategy, a large number of steel structures rushed. The demand for long life, environment friendly and high weather resistance coating is much higher and more urgent, but it can’t meet the demand now, especially the weather resistance. Because of the few of study on the clean and environment friendly poly (vinyl chloride co-isobutyl vinyl ether) coating and the strong UV shield of nano-TiO2 which might improve the performance of anti-corrosion, this paper had investigated on the optimal dispersion conditions through settlement and TEM, and the influence and mechanism of some typical kinds of commercial nano-TiO2 on the performance of poly (vinyl chloride co-isobutyl vinyl ether) and its anti-corrosion top coatings in mechanics, weather resistance and anti-corrosion through AC impedance, UV accelerated aging, IR and XPS. An optimal prescription of coating was gotten. It is the first and exploring study on the application of nano-TiO2 in poly (vinyl chloride co-isobutyl vinyl ether) coating.
    After the choice of some nano-TiO2 and dispersants, it was found that the obvious dispersion difference of nano-TiO2 with different types and surface treatments, i.e. A made by CVD was easy to disperse, but DJ3 by sol-gel was difficult; the usage of dispersant for nano-TiO2 was 10-15 times of ordinary TiO2.
    The hardness of the coating was enhanced 1-2 grades with addition of rutile nano-TiO2(B), while not for addition of anatase nano-TiO2(A), which indicated that the greater influence of particle size and shape of nano-TiO2 on the mechanics performance of coating.
    It showed that the 2 types of nano-TiO2 had different influence on the aging of resin under UV radiation, i.e. the A obviously accelerated the aging, while B could distinctively shield UV and lighten the aging of resin. The mechanism of resin UV aging as follow was put forward: free radicals produced from the surface of nano-TiO2 attack the hydrogen of the methylene, then double bond is formed after the dehydrocholrination, and then the chain is broken after the double bond was oxidized by ozone. The skin effect of chlorine and oxygen in the coating was found the first time by the author, i.e. chlorine and oxygen were enriched in the surface layer, while titanium in the inner layer. As for the influence of the skin effect on the coating need to be further studied.
    The UV aging speed of indoor was slower than the outdoor exposure, so the author brought forth the accelerated effect of moisture on the UV aging of the coating.
    It was also found that the decrease of immersion resistance and impedance of the commercial anti-corrosion of poly (vinyl chloride co-isobutyl vinyl ether) coating with increase of directly adding of nano-TiO2, which was elucidated with the theory of critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC). At last, the optimal coating prescription was gotten as follows: 0.5-1.0g nano-TiO2 B, 25.6g resin, 33.4g xylene, 1.4g chlorinated paraffin, 1.5g 15% slurry of organic bentonite, 0.8g green chrome, 7.7g grey mica ferric oxide and 0.6g non-float aluminum.
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