绿色网站及绿色评估系统集成
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摘要
工业发达国家在快速发展经济的同时，忽视了对工业污染的防治，致使环境问题日益严重，公害事件不断发生。环境问题、资源问题和人口问题目前是当今全球所面临的三大问题。可持续发展是人类社会的必然选择，因此绿色制造替代末端治理是制造业发展的必然趋势。
绿色网站是由至卓飞高线路板(深圳)有限公司所资助的清华至卓绿色制造研发中心的官方网站。该网站在发布绿色制造信息和研究成果的同时还在普及绿色教育，进行环保宣传等领域开展信息收集与发布工作。
本文以建立一个完整的官方宣传网站体系为目标，从网站的建站目标分析、前期准备、系统设计、网站网络系统、硬件体系、系统与应用软件选型、网站技术研发、网站发布与后期宣传以及维护管理等方面阐述了绿色网站的详细设计和建站全过程。
在分析绿色设计中产品全生命周期理论的同时，本文进行了将绿色制造概念引入软件工程领域的尝试。采用全生命周期的分析方式为代码复用理论寻找具体应用的实现方法，提出了绿色代码的概念。为了应用绿色制造思想和验证绿色代码概念，绿色网站研发过程中大量采用了绿色代码，成为应用绿色代码降低开发成本的典范，并初步实现了绿色代码库的底层技术框架。
绿色网站作为大容量、高性能的网络硬件系统提供方和开放接口的软件系统提供方，为绿色设计的网络化系统集成提供了条件。绿色代码的应用也为大型分布式系统的实现提供了技术上的准备。综合上述因素，本文在国家自然科学基金所资助的绿色设计研究的基础上，进行了绿色制造系统集成方法的研究，提出了分布式绿色系统集成的概念，并从其可行性和技术先进性，绿色程度方面进行了理论上和技术上的研究。
While the developed countries develop their economy rapidly and the pollution of industry is ignored at all time, the environment problem becomes increasingly serious. Sustainable development is the inevitable choice of human sociality, so it is inevitable trend that the green manufacturing will take the place of terminal treatment.
The Green-Design Website is the official website of TsingHua TOPSEARCH R&D Center of Green Manufacturing, which is sponsored by TOPSEARCH Printed Circuits (Shenzhen) Ltd. This website gather environment information and do environment education while publish information about environment and green manufacturing.
One of this paper's object is to construct a whole website organize. And this paper introduces the whole procedure of website construction from target analysis, preparation, system design, website networks, hardware, operation system, application, website programming, website publish, to website maintenance and management.
When the concept of green manufacturing meets software engineering, we can see the importance of software recycling. The software life cycle will be orbicular when the recycling tache take place. In the Green-Design Website this paper calls it green code, and starts to make the first application and usage on it.
Green manufacturing is based on green design, which is one instance of concurrent design. Based on the green design research sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China, the system integration of distributed green evaluation is brought forward to validate the concurrent model and to solve the integration problem in the loose developing teams of green manufacturing. Lots of technology will be discussed and be tested in this paper.
绿色网站是由至卓飞高线路板(深圳)有限公司所资助的清华至卓绿色制造研发中心的官方网站。该网站在发布绿色制造信息和研究成果的同时还在普及绿色教育，进行环保宣传等领域开展信息收集与发布工作。
本文以建立一个完整的官方宣传网站体系为目标，从网站的建站目标分析、前期准备、系统设计、网站网络系统、硬件体系、系统与应用软件选型、网站技术研发、网站发布与后期宣传以及维护管理等方面阐述了绿色网站的详细设计和建站全过程。
在分析绿色设计中产品全生命周期理论的同时，本文进行了将绿色制造概念引入软件工程领域的尝试。采用全生命周期的分析方式为代码复用理论寻找具体应用的实现方法，提出了绿色代码的概念。为了应用绿色制造思想和验证绿色代码概念，绿色网站研发过程中大量采用了绿色代码，成为应用绿色代码降低开发成本的典范，并初步实现了绿色代码库的底层技术框架。
绿色网站作为大容量、高性能的网络硬件系统提供方和开放接口的软件系统提供方，为绿色设计的网络化系统集成提供了条件。绿色代码的应用也为大型分布式系统的实现提供了技术上的准备。综合上述因素，本文在国家自然科学基金所资助的绿色设计研究的基础上，进行了绿色制造系统集成方法的研究，提出了分布式绿色系统集成的概念，并从其可行性和技术先进性，绿色程度方面进行了理论上和技术上的研究。
While the developed countries develop their economy rapidly and the pollution of industry is ignored at all time, the environment problem becomes increasingly serious. Sustainable development is the inevitable choice of human sociality, so it is inevitable trend that the green manufacturing will take the place of terminal treatment.
The Green-Design Website is the official website of TsingHua TOPSEARCH R&D Center of Green Manufacturing, which is sponsored by TOPSEARCH Printed Circuits (Shenzhen) Ltd. This website gather environment information and do environment education while publish information about environment and green manufacturing.
One of this paper's object is to construct a whole website organize. And this paper introduces the whole procedure of website construction from target analysis, preparation, system design, website networks, hardware, operation system, application, website programming, website publish, to website maintenance and management.
When the concept of green manufacturing meets software engineering, we can see the importance of software recycling. The software life cycle will be orbicular when the recycling tache take place. In the Green-Design Website this paper calls it green code, and starts to make the first application and usage on it.
Green manufacturing is based on green design, which is one instance of concurrent design. Based on the green design research sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China, the system integration of distributed green evaluation is brought forward to validate the concurrent model and to solve the integration problem in the loose developing teams of green manufacturing. Lots of technology will be discussed and be tested in this paper.
引文
第一章：
[1] 清华大学. 中国环境污染状况备忘录. 环境保护，1998,（4）：40-42.
[2] 汪劲松,段广洪,向东. 基于产品生命周期的绿色制造技术的研究现状和展望. 计算机集成制造系统—CIMS, 1999, 4:1~8
[3] 刘钢,李方义,汪劲松,等. 基于局域环境的产品全生命周期评估体系研究. 中国机械工程,2000,9 vol 11:991~994
[4] 刘飞,张华,岳仁辉.绿色制造—现代制造业的可持续发展模式.中国机械工程,1998,9(6) :76～78
[5] 陈世兴. 绿色设计技术发展趋势预测及对策研究（机械工业技术发展基金项目“绿色设计技术发展趋势预测及对策研究”研究报告）. 1998,12.
[6] B. Bras. Incorporating Environmental Issues in Product Design and Realization. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1997,.Jan-Jun: 7-13.
[7] L. Alting. Lite Cycle Design of Industrial Products. Concurrent Engineering, 1991, v1: 6.
第二章：
[1] 郑国瑞. 互联网（Internet）网络结构及网络联接. 计算机自动测量与控制,1996,1:1~8
[2] 石桥林,朱晓军,于海成. 论企业网络建设（二）─ 局域网及本地互联网. 计算机辅助设计与制造, 1996,9:44~49
[3] Nazili Choucri. 生态效率全球化：互联网络环球网上的全球可持续发展系统. 产业与环境(中文版) ,1996,4 vol 18:45~49
[4] Arthur Griffith. Java Master Reference.电子工业出版社，1998.12
[5] 王克宏. Java 2 核心类库详解.清华大学出版社.1999
[6] 曹鸣鹏,赵伟,许林. J2EE技术及其实现. 计算机应用,2001,10 vol21:20~23
[7] 黄贤英. 在J2EE平台上使用EJB开发企业应用. 计算机应用研究, 2001,12:74~89
[8] Lea Doug. Java 并发程序设计和模式.北京大学出版社.1998
[9] Brian Jepson. Java 数据库编程指南.电子工业出版社.1998
[10] 杨芙清,朱冰,梅宏. 软件复用. 软件学报1995,9 vol6:525~533
[11] 杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤. 软件复用与软件构件技术. 电子学报,1999,2 vol27:68~75
[12] Bruce Eckel. Think in Java. http://www.bruceeckel.com
第三章：
[1] 于军，蔡建国. 绿色产品设计及其关键技术. 机械设计与研究. 1997(4): 10-12.
[2] Nicholas Borland, David R. Wallace, and Heiner P. Kaufmann, Environmentally-conscious Product Design: a collaborative Internet-based modeling approach, Journal of Industrial Ecology, volume 3, number 2, 2000.
[3] Ines Sousa, Julie L. Eisenhard, David R. Wallace, Approximate Life-Cycle Assessment of Product Concepts using Learning Systems, to appear in the Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2000.
[4] Julie L. Eisenhard, David R. Wallace, Ines Sousa, Mieke S. De Schepper, Jeroen P. Rombouts, Approximate life-cycle assessment in conceptual product design, Proceedings of the ASME DT Conferences, DETC/DFM-14026, Baltimore, MD, 2000.
[5] 张申生. 并行设计和产品创新—中国企业的敏捷化之路探索. 中国机械工程,2000,2 vol11:133~138
[6] 栾斌,袁桂芳. 试论并行工程. 长春大学学报,2000,4 vol10:1~4
[7] Louis A. Lefebvre, Luc Cassivi, élisabeth Lefebvre. Business-to-Business E-Commerce: A TransitionModel. HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. HICSS-34 January 3-6, 2001
[8] Cooke, J.A., The Dawn of Supply Chain Communities, Logistic Management and Distribution Report, February 2000, pp. 44-48.
[9] Ines Sousa, David Wallace, Nicholas Borland, Juan Deniz, A Learning Surrogate LCA Model for Integrated Product Design, Life Cycle Networks Proceedings of the 6th International Seminar on Life Cycle Engineering, CIRP, Kingston, June, 1999.
[10] Surendra M. Gupta. DISASSEMBLY OF PRODUCTS. NIST Systems Integration for Manufacturing Application Program. December 1996
[11] Nicholas Borland, Heiner Kauffman, David Wallace, Integrating Environmental Impact Assessment into Product Design: A collaborative modeling approach, Proceedings of the ASME DT Conferences, DETC/DFM-5730, Atlanta, GA, 1998.
[12] Steven Kraines, David Wallace, Hiroshi Komiyama, Applications of DOME in Chemical Engineering (in Japanese), Journal of the Chemical Engineering Society of Japan, volume 64, number 5, pp. 228-231, 2000.
[13] Paul Jackson, David Wallace, An analytical method for integrating environmental and traditional design considerations, The Annals of the CIRP, volume 46, number 1, pp. 355-360, 1997.
[14] T. Tomiyama, Y. Umeda, D. Wallace, A Holistic Approach to Life-cycle Design, Life Cycle Networks Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Life Cycle Engineering, CIRP, Berlin, pp. 92-103, June, 1997.
[15] Li Shu, David Wallace, Woodie Flowers, Probabilistic Methods in Life-cycle Design, IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, Dallas TX, pp. 7-12, May, 1996.
[16] David R. Wallace, Nam P. Suh, Information-based design for environmental problem solving, Annals of the CIRP, volume 42, number 1, pp. 175-179, 1993.
[17] Gu P， Balasubramanian S， Norrie D H. Bidding-based process planning and scheduling in a multi-agent system. Computers Industry Engineering， 1997，32(2): 477~496
[18] Kadar B, Monnstori L, Szelke E. An Object-oriented Framework for Developing Distributed Manufacturing Architecture. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998,9:173~179
[19] Boris Padovan. A Prototype for an Agent-based Secure Electronic Marketplace Including Reputation Tracking Mechanisms. HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. HICSS-34 January 3-6, 2001
[20] Robert O. Briggs. Thinklets: Achieving Predictable Repeatable Patterns of Group Interaction with Group Support Systems (GSS). HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. HICSS-34 January 3-6, 2001
[21] Agent Construction Tools. http://www.agentbuilder.com/
[22] 冯大可,王云莉,段广洪. 实现多智能体系统的关键技术与应用. 计算机集成制造系统 ,2001,7(7):1～7
[23] 潘东,张申生,步丰林. 基于装配关系的CAD并行设计支持系统原型的研究. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 1998,(1 )
[24] 蒋新松,张申生. 敏捷竞争的挑战和思考. 计算机集成制造系统 ,1996,2 (1 ) :3～10
[25] 吴爱萍,梁陈剑等: 网络化敏捷制造. 机械工程师, 2001,2(2):5～7
[26] 李亚伟,周明天. J2EE与CORBA名字互操作的设计与实现. 计算机应用2001,9 vol21:57~59
[27] 胡锦敏,张申生. 支持企业动态联盟的敏捷工作流系统. 计算机研究与发展, 1999(12)
[28] 冯大可. 多智能体CAPP-车间控制集成系统关键技术研究. 北京：清华大学精密仪器系，2000
[1] 清华大学. 中国环境污染状况备忘录. 环境保护，1998,（4）：40-42.
[2] 汪劲松,段广洪,向东. 基于产品生命周期的绿色制造技术的研究现状和展望. 计算机集成制造系统—CIMS, 1999, 4:1~8
[3] 刘钢,李方义,汪劲松,等. 基于局域环境的产品全生命周期评估体系研究. 中国机械工程,2000,9 vol 11:991~994
[4] 刘飞,张华,岳仁辉.绿色制造—现代制造业的可持续发展模式.中国机械工程,1998,9(6) :76～78
[5] 陈世兴. 绿色设计技术发展趋势预测及对策研究（机械工业技术发展基金项目“绿色设计技术发展趋势预测及对策研究”研究报告）. 1998,12.
[6] B. Bras. Incorporating Environmental Issues in Product Design and Realization. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1997,.Jan-Jun: 7-13.
[7] L. Alting. Lite Cycle Design of Industrial Products. Concurrent Engineering, 1991, v1: 6.
第二章：
[1] 郑国瑞. 互联网（Internet）网络结构及网络联接. 计算机自动测量与控制,1996,1:1~8
[2] 石桥林,朱晓军,于海成. 论企业网络建设（二）─ 局域网及本地互联网. 计算机辅助设计与制造, 1996,9:44~49
[3] Nazili Choucri. 生态效率全球化：互联网络环球网上的全球可持续发展系统. 产业与环境(中文版) ,1996,4 vol 18:45~49
[4] Arthur Griffith. Java Master Reference.电子工业出版社，1998.12
[5] 王克宏. Java 2 核心类库详解.清华大学出版社.1999
[6] 曹鸣鹏,赵伟,许林. J2EE技术及其实现. 计算机应用,2001,10 vol21:20~23
[7] 黄贤英. 在J2EE平台上使用EJB开发企业应用. 计算机应用研究, 2001,12:74~89
[8] Lea Doug. Java 并发程序设计和模式.北京大学出版社.1998
[9] Brian Jepson. Java 数据库编程指南.电子工业出版社.1998
[10] 杨芙清,朱冰,梅宏. 软件复用. 软件学报1995,9 vol6:525~533
[11] 杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤. 软件复用与软件构件技术. 电子学报,1999,2 vol27:68~75
[12] Bruce Eckel. Think in Java. http://www.bruceeckel.com
第三章：
[1] 于军，蔡建国. 绿色产品设计及其关键技术. 机械设计与研究. 1997(4): 10-12.
[2] Nicholas Borland, David R. Wallace, and Heiner P. Kaufmann, Environmentally-conscious Product Design: a collaborative Internet-based modeling approach, Journal of Industrial Ecology, volume 3, number 2, 2000.
[3] Ines Sousa, Julie L. Eisenhard, David R. Wallace, Approximate Life-Cycle Assessment of Product Concepts using Learning Systems, to appear in the Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2000.
[4] Julie L. Eisenhard, David R. Wallace, Ines Sousa, Mieke S. De Schepper, Jeroen P. Rombouts, Approximate life-cycle assessment in conceptual product design, Proceedings of the ASME DT Conferences, DETC/DFM-14026, Baltimore, MD, 2000.
[5] 张申生. 并行设计和产品创新—中国企业的敏捷化之路探索. 中国机械工程,2000,2 vol11:133~138
[6] 栾斌,袁桂芳. 试论并行工程. 长春大学学报,2000,4 vol10:1~4
[7] Louis A. Lefebvre, Luc Cassivi, élisabeth Lefebvre. Business-to-Business E-Commerce: A TransitionModel. HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. HICSS-34 January 3-6, 2001
[8] Cooke, J.A., The Dawn of Supply Chain Communities, Logistic Management and Distribution Report, February 2000, pp. 44-48.
[9] Ines Sousa, David Wallace, Nicholas Borland, Juan Deniz, A Learning Surrogate LCA Model for Integrated Product Design, Life Cycle Networks Proceedings of the 6th International Seminar on Life Cycle Engineering, CIRP, Kingston, June, 1999.
[10] Surendra M. Gupta. DISASSEMBLY OF PRODUCTS. NIST Systems Integration for Manufacturing Application Program. December 1996
[11] Nicholas Borland, Heiner Kauffman, David Wallace, Integrating Environmental Impact Assessment into Product Design: A collaborative modeling approach, Proceedings of the ASME DT Conferences, DETC/DFM-5730, Atlanta, GA, 1998.
[12] Steven Kraines, David Wallace, Hiroshi Komiyama, Applications of DOME in Chemical Engineering (in Japanese), Journal of the Chemical Engineering Society of Japan, volume 64, number 5, pp. 228-231, 2000.
[13] Paul Jackson, David Wallace, An analytical method for integrating environmental and traditional design considerations, The Annals of the CIRP, volume 46, number 1, pp. 355-360, 1997.
[14] T. Tomiyama, Y. Umeda, D. Wallace, A Holistic Approach to Life-cycle Design, Life Cycle Networks Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Life Cycle Engineering, CIRP, Berlin, pp. 92-103, June, 1997.
[15] Li Shu, David Wallace, Woodie Flowers, Probabilistic Methods in Life-cycle Design, IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, Dallas TX, pp. 7-12, May, 1996.
[16] David R. Wallace, Nam P. Suh, Information-based design for environmental problem solving, Annals of the CIRP, volume 42, number 1, pp. 175-179, 1993.
[17] Gu P， Balasubramanian S， Norrie D H. Bidding-based process planning and scheduling in a multi-agent system. Computers Industry Engineering， 1997，32(2): 477~496
[18] Kadar B, Monnstori L, Szelke E. An Object-oriented Framework for Developing Distributed Manufacturing Architecture. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998,9:173~179
[19] Boris Padovan. A Prototype for an Agent-based Secure Electronic Marketplace Including Reputation Tracking Mechanisms. HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. HICSS-34 January 3-6, 2001
[20] Robert O. Briggs. Thinklets: Achieving Predictable Repeatable Patterns of Group Interaction with Group Support Systems (GSS). HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. HICSS-34 January 3-6, 2001
[21] Agent Construction Tools. http://www.agentbuilder.com/
[22] 冯大可,王云莉,段广洪. 实现多智能体系统的关键技术与应用. 计算机集成制造系统 ,2001,7(7):1～7
[23] 潘东,张申生,步丰林. 基于装配关系的CAD并行设计支持系统原型的研究. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 1998,(1 )
[24] 蒋新松,张申生. 敏捷竞争的挑战和思考. 计算机集成制造系统 ,1996,2 (1 ) :3～10
[25] 吴爱萍,梁陈剑等: 网络化敏捷制造. 机械工程师, 2001,2(2):5～7
[26] 李亚伟,周明天. J2EE与CORBA名字互操作的设计与实现. 计算机应用2001,9 vol21:57~59
[27] 胡锦敏,张申生. 支持企业动态联盟的敏捷工作流系统. 计算机研究与发展, 1999(12)
[28] 冯大可. 多智能体CAPP-车间控制集成系统关键技术研究. 北京：清华大学精密仪器系，2000