高速公路交通量调查观测站点布局规划研究
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摘要
高速公路交通调查是高速公路建设与管理的一项基础性工作,对促进公路交通事业的健康发展,为公路规划、建设、管理养护及公路信息化提供基础数据,具有重要的支持和保障作用。本论文依托于交通部规划研究院项目《国家高速公路网交通量调查观测点布局规划》,针对高速公路交通量调查观测点布局规划方法进行研究,具有重要理论意义与实用价值。
本文在总结国内外公路交通调查的发展历史及研究现状的基础上,分析了交通调查存在的问题,根据用户需求分析的结果,对观测站点的功能进行分类;然后确定了交通量观测站布设的指导思想和基本原则,利用路网规划中的总量控制法和交通流状态估计模型提出了各类观测站的布设方法,并给出了具体的工作步骤;最后在充分分析了各种评价方法的基础上,制定了交通量观测站综合评价指标体系,确定了层次分析法结合模糊评价的综合评价方法对交通量观测站进行综合评价,并进行了实例应用。
研究表明,本文得到两类观测站点的布局方法:一类站点的布设按照路段累计重要度的概念,解决了现状交通量数据不完善的问题;二类站点以交通流理论为基础,运用交通流状态评估模型进行布设。这种方法简便易用,具有很强的可操作性;将重要度的概念首次引入交通量观测站的布局规划中,是对在缺少历史交通量观测数据的情况下进行观测站点布局的一次探索。
The highway traffic survey is a foundational work of the highway construction and management, it has the important support and the safeguard function to promote the highway traffic enterprise's healthy development, and provide the essential data for the highway planning, the construction, the management maintenance and the road informationization. The dissertation depends on the Ministry of Communications plans the research institute project "National High speed Highway network Volume of traffic To investigate Observation point Layout Plan", investigates the observation point layout plan method in view of the highway volume of traffic to conduct the research, has the important theory significance and the use value.
This article in summarizes the domestic and foreign highway traffic survey historical development and in the research present situation foundation, has analyzed the traffic survey existence question, according to the user's needs analysis's result, to carry on the classification to the function of the observation station; Then had determined the volume of traffic observation station build's guiding principle and the basic principle, in the use road network plan's total quantity control method and handed over the throughflow state estimation model to propose each kind of observation station's build method, and has given the concrete job step; Finally abase on the foundation of having been analyzed in fully each kind of assessment method, the synthetic evaluation indicator system of the traffic observation station has been formulated, had determined the analytic hierarchy process union fuzzy appraisal's quality synthetic evaluation method carries on the quality synthetic evaluation to the traffic observation station, and has carried on the example application.
The research indicated that this article obtains two kinds of layout method of the observation station: the first kind stand's build according to the road section accumulation importance's concept, has solved the present situation volume of traffic data imperfect problem; The second kind stands take the throughflow theory as the foundation, utilizate the throughflow condition appraisal model to carry on the build. This method is simple and easy to use, and having the very strong feasibility; Introduces t the importance concept of the traffic observation station for the first time into the layout plan, it is an exploration in lacks the historical volume of traffic observation data in the situation to carry on observation station layout.
本文在总结国内外公路交通调查的发展历史及研究现状的基础上,分析了交通调查存在的问题,根据用户需求分析的结果,对观测站点的功能进行分类;然后确定了交通量观测站布设的指导思想和基本原则,利用路网规划中的总量控制法和交通流状态估计模型提出了各类观测站的布设方法,并给出了具体的工作步骤;最后在充分分析了各种评价方法的基础上,制定了交通量观测站综合评价指标体系,确定了层次分析法结合模糊评价的综合评价方法对交通量观测站进行综合评价,并进行了实例应用。
研究表明,本文得到两类观测站点的布局方法:一类站点的布设按照路段累计重要度的概念,解决了现状交通量数据不完善的问题;二类站点以交通流理论为基础,运用交通流状态评估模型进行布设。这种方法简便易用,具有很强的可操作性;将重要度的概念首次引入交通量观测站的布局规划中,是对在缺少历史交通量观测数据的情况下进行观测站点布局的一次探索。
The highway traffic survey is a foundational work of the highway construction and management, it has the important support and the safeguard function to promote the highway traffic enterprise's healthy development, and provide the essential data for the highway planning, the construction, the management maintenance and the road informationization. The dissertation depends on the Ministry of Communications plans the research institute project "National High speed Highway network Volume of traffic To investigate Observation point Layout Plan", investigates the observation point layout plan method in view of the highway volume of traffic to conduct the research, has the important theory significance and the use value.
This article in summarizes the domestic and foreign highway traffic survey historical development and in the research present situation foundation, has analyzed the traffic survey existence question, according to the user's needs analysis's result, to carry on the classification to the function of the observation station; Then had determined the volume of traffic observation station build's guiding principle and the basic principle, in the use road network plan's total quantity control method and handed over the throughflow state estimation model to propose each kind of observation station's build method, and has given the concrete job step; Finally abase on the foundation of having been analyzed in fully each kind of assessment method, the synthetic evaluation indicator system of the traffic observation station has been formulated, had determined the analytic hierarchy process union fuzzy appraisal's quality synthetic evaluation method carries on the quality synthetic evaluation to the traffic observation station, and has carried on the example application.
The research indicated that this article obtains two kinds of layout method of the observation station: the first kind stand's build according to the road section accumulation importance's concept, has solved the present situation volume of traffic data imperfect problem; The second kind stands take the throughflow theory as the foundation, utilizate the throughflow condition appraisal model to carry on the build. This method is simple and easy to use, and having the very strong feasibility; Introduces t the importance concept of the traffic observation station for the first time into the layout plan, it is an exploration in lacks the historical volume of traffic observation data in the situation to carry on observation station layout.
引文
[1] Cristian Estan,George Varghese.New Directions in Traffic Measurement and Accounting.2002.
[2] N.Brownlee,C.Mills,and G.Ruth.Traffic flow measurement: Architecture. RFC2722,Oct.1999.
[3] The Institution of Traffic Engineers(ite).traffic engineering survey manual.1997.
[4] 严宝杰.交通调查与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.
[5] Wolfgang S.Homburger.Transportation and Traffic Engineering handbook,1982.
[6] R.L.Gordon,R.A.Reiss,H.Haenel,E.R.Case,R.L.French,A.Mohddes,and R.Wolcott. Traffic Control Systems Handbook,FHWA-SA-95-032,1996.
[7] Paul Lamorlette.PHOTO-ELECTRICAL VEHICLE DETECTING DEVICE FOR TRAFFIC SURVEX[M],1969.
[8] 赵祥模,靳引利.张洋高速公路监测系统理论及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,11.
[9] 翁小雄.高速公路机电系统.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,9.
[10] Lawrence A. Klein, P.E..Traffic Parameter Measurement Technology Evaluation[C]. Ottawa - VNIS’93,IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference,1993.
[11] Oliver P. Pearson.A Traffic Survey of Microtus-Reithrodontomys Runways [J].Journal of Mammalogy,1959,40(2).
[12] Dudek,Conrad L.,Ullman,Gerald L.Freeway corridor management.Washington D.C.SPIE 1995.
[13] 交通部公路规划设计院.公路交通调查指南.北京:人民交通出版社,1990.
[14] 王建军.交通调查与分析(第二版).北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[15] 交通部公路规划设计院.公路交通情况调查技术规范.2006.
[16] 严维.交通量观测系统研究[硕士学位论文],西安:长安大学,2003.
[17] 邵晓明. 公路交通情况调查系统研究[硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学,2007.
[18] 李寿生. 交通观测系统评价体系与方法研究[硕士论文].西安:长安大学,2004.
[19] 邓毅萍.高速公路路段运行状况评价与分析研究[硕士学位论文],南京:东南大学, 2005.
[20] 同济大学交通运输学院.上海市公路网交通量观测点布设研究报告[R].2001.
[21] 孙海浩,林航飞,陈小鸿.地区公路网交通量观测点布设研究.广东公路交通,2004,(1):59-63
[22] 陈红,崔世华.交通量观测站宏观布设方法.交通运输工程学报,2004,4(3):64-68
[23] 李晓红.兰州地区公路网交通量观测点布设研究.甘肃科技,2004,20(8):8-10
[24] 胡秀全.关于公路交通量观测点布设问题的研究.公路交通技术,2005,(4):166-168
[25] 李林英.浅谈地区公路网交通情况调查统计站点的布设.北京公路,2003,(5):29-30
[26] 杨棋.用于OD反推的路段交通量观测点设置研究[J].中国公路学报,1999,12(5):74-77
[27] 王殿海.交通流理论.北京:人民交通出版社,2002,9.
[28] 李洪兴,汪培庄.模糊数学[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2000.
[29] 胡淑礼.模糊数学及其应用[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1994.
[30] 汪荣鑫.数理统计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1996.
[31] 交通部.国家高速公路网规划.2005,2.
[32] 浙江省公路管理局.浙江省公路交通情况调查分析研究.浙江:西泠印社出版社,2005.
[33] 交通部规划研究院.全国公路交通情况调查统计资料[R].2007.
[34] 交通部公路司.JTGB01-2003,公路工程技术标准.北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[35] 江苏省交通厅.江苏省计重收费实践[J].第六届中国高速公路机电项目研讨会论文 集.2004,6:27-33
[36] 赵鹏.浅析公路交通调查数据在公路养护管理工作中的作用[J].公路.2005,2.
[37] 白雁,万传风等.农村公路网布局规划方法研究.北京:北京交通大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(4):33-36
[38] 王炜等.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.
[39] 杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价方法与案例精选.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[40]刘灿齐.现代交通规划学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[41]秦寿康.综合评价原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[42]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[43] 史其信等.智能交通系统评价技术与方法.北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.
[44] 胡永红,贺思辉.综合评价方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000,10.
[45] 陈加洪.浅谈公路网现状分析与综合评价[J].云南交通科技,2000,16(2):1-3,20
[46] 比哓丽,洪伟.生态环境综合评价方法的研究进展[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2001,17(2):122-126
[47] 陈衍泰,陈国宏,李美娟.综合评价方法分类及研究进展.管理科学学报,2004,7(2):69-79
[48] 邱冬.多指标评价方法的系统分析[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1991.
[49] 仁科社.交通运输系统规划.北京:人民交通出版社,2005,8.
[50] 吴泽宇,张超等.工程项目系统评价.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002,9.
[51] 谢家平.绿色设计评价与优化.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2005,8.
[52] 董小林.公路建设项目环境后评价.北京:人民交通出版社,2004,6.
[53] 交通部.JTG H30-2004,公路养护安全作业规程.北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[54] 杨涛,肖秋生.公路网规划[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[55] 周宪华.公路网规划与设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[2] N.Brownlee,C.Mills,and G.Ruth.Traffic flow measurement: Architecture. RFC2722,Oct.1999.
[3] The Institution of Traffic Engineers(ite).traffic engineering survey manual.1997.
[4] 严宝杰.交通调查与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.
[5] Wolfgang S.Homburger.Transportation and Traffic Engineering handbook,1982.
[6] R.L.Gordon,R.A.Reiss,H.Haenel,E.R.Case,R.L.French,A.Mohddes,and R.Wolcott. Traffic Control Systems Handbook,FHWA-SA-95-032,1996.
[7] Paul Lamorlette.PHOTO-ELECTRICAL VEHICLE DETECTING DEVICE FOR TRAFFIC SURVEX[M],1969.
[8] 赵祥模,靳引利.张洋高速公路监测系统理论及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,11.
[9] 翁小雄.高速公路机电系统.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,9.
[10] Lawrence A. Klein, P.E..Traffic Parameter Measurement Technology Evaluation[C]. Ottawa - VNIS’93,IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference,1993.
[11] Oliver P. Pearson.A Traffic Survey of Microtus-Reithrodontomys Runways [J].Journal of Mammalogy,1959,40(2).
[12] Dudek,Conrad L.,Ullman,Gerald L.Freeway corridor management.Washington D.C.SPIE 1995.
[13] 交通部公路规划设计院.公路交通调查指南.北京:人民交通出版社,1990.
[14] 王建军.交通调查与分析(第二版).北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[15] 交通部公路规划设计院.公路交通情况调查技术规范.2006.
[16] 严维.交通量观测系统研究[硕士学位论文],西安:长安大学,2003.
[17] 邵晓明. 公路交通情况调查系统研究[硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学,2007.
[18] 李寿生. 交通观测系统评价体系与方法研究[硕士论文].西安:长安大学,2004.
[19] 邓毅萍.高速公路路段运行状况评价与分析研究[硕士学位论文],南京:东南大学, 2005.
[20] 同济大学交通运输学院.上海市公路网交通量观测点布设研究报告[R].2001.
[21] 孙海浩,林航飞,陈小鸿.地区公路网交通量观测点布设研究.广东公路交通,2004,(1):59-63
[22] 陈红,崔世华.交通量观测站宏观布设方法.交通运输工程学报,2004,4(3):64-68
[23] 李晓红.兰州地区公路网交通量观测点布设研究.甘肃科技,2004,20(8):8-10
[24] 胡秀全.关于公路交通量观测点布设问题的研究.公路交通技术,2005,(4):166-168
[25] 李林英.浅谈地区公路网交通情况调查统计站点的布设.北京公路,2003,(5):29-30
[26] 杨棋.用于OD反推的路段交通量观测点设置研究[J].中国公路学报,1999,12(5):74-77
[27] 王殿海.交通流理论.北京:人民交通出版社,2002,9.
[28] 李洪兴,汪培庄.模糊数学[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2000.
[29] 胡淑礼.模糊数学及其应用[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1994.
[30] 汪荣鑫.数理统计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1996.
[31] 交通部.国家高速公路网规划.2005,2.
[32] 浙江省公路管理局.浙江省公路交通情况调查分析研究.浙江:西泠印社出版社,2005.
[33] 交通部规划研究院.全国公路交通情况调查统计资料[R].2007.
[34] 交通部公路司.JTGB01-2003,公路工程技术标准.北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[35] 江苏省交通厅.江苏省计重收费实践[J].第六届中国高速公路机电项目研讨会论文 集.2004,6:27-33
[36] 赵鹏.浅析公路交通调查数据在公路养护管理工作中的作用[J].公路.2005,2.
[37] 白雁,万传风等.农村公路网布局规划方法研究.北京:北京交通大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(4):33-36
[38] 王炜等.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.
[39] 杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价方法与案例精选.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[40]刘灿齐.现代交通规划学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[41]秦寿康.综合评价原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[42]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[43] 史其信等.智能交通系统评价技术与方法.北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.
[44] 胡永红,贺思辉.综合评价方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000,10.
[45] 陈加洪.浅谈公路网现状分析与综合评价[J].云南交通科技,2000,16(2):1-3,20
[46] 比哓丽,洪伟.生态环境综合评价方法的研究进展[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2001,17(2):122-126
[47] 陈衍泰,陈国宏,李美娟.综合评价方法分类及研究进展.管理科学学报,2004,7(2):69-79
[48] 邱冬.多指标评价方法的系统分析[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1991.
[49] 仁科社.交通运输系统规划.北京:人民交通出版社,2005,8.
[50] 吴泽宇,张超等.工程项目系统评价.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002,9.
[51] 谢家平.绿色设计评价与优化.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2005,8.
[52] 董小林.公路建设项目环境后评价.北京:人民交通出版社,2004,6.
[53] 交通部.JTG H30-2004,公路养护安全作业规程.北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[54] 杨涛,肖秋生.公路网规划[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[55] 周宪华.公路网规划与设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.