车辆典型热交换器流动传热微观机制研究及性能优化
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摘要
现代车辆技术的发展要求冷却系统为整车经济性能、排放性能、可靠性和舒适性等指标的全面提升“保驾护航”,即现代车辆冷却系统要求既能各种运行工况下的散热需求,保证关键零部件可靠工作,又要尽量减少能量损失,提高系统热力效率。毫无疑问,冷却系统中各个热交换器的性能优化设计是先进冷却系统设计的基础,而流动传热传质的相关理论及影响机制又是换热器以及系统性能优化设计的重中之重。近年来,尽管各种强化传热技术不断取得进展并付诸应用,但是它们普遍存在一个问题,即以更多的流动阻力增加换取了传热强化的效果。可以认为,研发理想冷却系统的最大瓶颈在于流动传热理论的不完善以及不甚清晰的流动传热微观影响机制。
本文主要是遵循流动传热细微化和计算精确化这个引导趋势,研究流动传热性能的影响因素并进行机制分析；并实现换热单元温度场分布可视化,以验证本文采用的数值仿真方法。本文的主要研究内容主要有以下几个方面：
温度场可视化实验搭建流动传热性能研究的数值仿真平台,并设计温度场可视化实验台,实现换热翅片表面传热情况的可视化,以此验证并完善适用于换热单元热力性能计算的数值仿真平台；
典型换热单元的流动传热分析对车用三种典型换热器的换热单元进行流动传热性能的计算,探索影响性能的微观因素并分析机制,确定相对最优的翅片结构尺寸以及匹配形式；
换热器整体流动传热分析数值仿真两种车用换热器整体热力性能,探索性能影响机制并进行结构以及性能优化设计,寻求提高换热器性能的方法,并进行了实验验证；
流动传热性能分析方法在数值仿真流动传热性能的同时,寻求适合于热力性能数据分析的方法。
通过上述研究工作,本文获得了以下主要结论：
(1)将红外摄像技术与流动传热性能测试实验相结合,可以实现换热单元温度场的可视化研究,为仿真研究流动传热性能提供了验证手段；
(2)通过对换热单元进行热力性能仿真,得到了典型换热器中紊流片与散热带的最优化匹配形式,分析了翅片结构等参数对性能的影响机制并进行了参数优化;
(3)通过对换热器整体热力性能的仿真和实验研究,分析了热力性能的影响因素以及影响机制,可以从冷、热侧出入口位置、流道内翅片排列形式以及冷却工质等角度优化换热器的热力性能；
(4)将人工神经网络技术、灵敏度分析技术、多目标优化技术等与仿真技术相结合,可以拓展研究思路,提高热力性能分析效率。
本文采用数值仿真研究方法结合部分实验工作,研究了换热单元以及换热器的热力性能,分析了性能影响因素以及影响机制,并从不同的角度研究了性能优化途径,为车用换热器的优化设计提供了方向指导。
With the development of the modern vehicular technologies, it is required that vehicular cooling system play an escort role for improving the performances of economic, emission, safety and comfort of vehicles.That is, modern vehicular cooling system is demanded to meet the need of heat dissipation under various operation conditions and guarantee the normal operation of key parts, simultaneously, it must reduce energy loss and improve thermodynamic efficiency of vehicluar system.There is no doubt that performance optimal design of heat exchangers in cooling system is the foundation of realizing advanced cooling system, and the principles and performance effecting mechanisms of fluid flow and heat transfer are the key points to performance optimal design of heat exchangers and even systems. Recently, various enhancing heat transfer technologies are developed and applied, however, it must be at the cost of more flow resistance. As a result, the imperfect flow and heat transfer principles and unclear effect micro-mechanisms are the bottlenecks to research and develop ideal cooling systems.
Following the trend of subtle analysis and precise computation of fluid flow and heat transfer, this thesis investigated the thermodynamic performance effect factors and analyzed the effct mechanisms, and carried out temperature field visualization experiments of heat transfer units to authenticate the numerical methods used in the thesis. The main contents are as follows:
Temperature contour visualization experiments:establishing a numerical platform for thermodynamic performance simulation, setting up test-rig and carrying out temperature field visualization experiments of heat transfer units to authenticate the numerical simulation method.
Thermodynamic performance analysis of typical heat transfer units:the thermodynamic performances of three kinds of typical vehicular heat transfer units were investigated, and the performance effect factors and mechanisms were analyzed, the optimal matching of turbulators and fins and were determined and the structural parameters of fins were optimally designed.
The thermodynamic performance analysis of heat exchangers:the thermodynamic performances of two kinds of vehicular heat exchanges were numerical simulated, the performance effect mechanisms were analyzed and the structure of a heat exchanger was optimally designed. Nanofluid was used as coolant to improve the performance. Experiments were carried out to verify the above simulation results.
The thermodynamic performance analysis methods:artificial neural networks, parameters sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization methods were combined with numerica simulation to analyze the thermodynamic performances.
The main conclusions were as follows:
(1) Infrared camera technology was combined with thermodynamic performance experiments to realize the temperature field visualization of heat transfer units which is the authentication of numerical simulations.
(2) The optimal matching of turbulator and fin was determined by simulating the thermodynamic performances of typical vehicular heat transfer units. The effect mechanisms of structural parameters of fin on performances were analyzed and the parameters were optimized.
(3) The performance effect factors and mechanisms were investigated by simulating the thermodynamic performances of heat exchangers. The location of inlet and outlet of a heat exchanger, the fin arrangement and coolant were important factors to improve the performance.
(4) Artificial neural networks, sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization methods can be usde in thermodynamic performance analysis combined with numerical simulation results, which can broaden the research ideas and improve the analysis efficiency.
Numerical simulation method combined with some experiments was used in the thesis to investigate the thermodynamic performance of typical and vehicular heat transfer units and heat exchangers. The work analyzed the performance effect factors and mechanisms and carried out performance optimal design from several different aspects, which will guide the optimal design directon of vehicular heat exchangers.
本文主要是遵循流动传热细微化和计算精确化这个引导趋势,研究流动传热性能的影响因素并进行机制分析；并实现换热单元温度场分布可视化,以验证本文采用的数值仿真方法。本文的主要研究内容主要有以下几个方面：
温度场可视化实验搭建流动传热性能研究的数值仿真平台,并设计温度场可视化实验台,实现换热翅片表面传热情况的可视化,以此验证并完善适用于换热单元热力性能计算的数值仿真平台；
典型换热单元的流动传热分析对车用三种典型换热器的换热单元进行流动传热性能的计算,探索影响性能的微观因素并分析机制,确定相对最优的翅片结构尺寸以及匹配形式；
换热器整体流动传热分析数值仿真两种车用换热器整体热力性能,探索性能影响机制并进行结构以及性能优化设计,寻求提高换热器性能的方法,并进行了实验验证；
流动传热性能分析方法在数值仿真流动传热性能的同时,寻求适合于热力性能数据分析的方法。
通过上述研究工作,本文获得了以下主要结论：
(1)将红外摄像技术与流动传热性能测试实验相结合,可以实现换热单元温度场的可视化研究,为仿真研究流动传热性能提供了验证手段；
(2)通过对换热单元进行热力性能仿真,得到了典型换热器中紊流片与散热带的最优化匹配形式,分析了翅片结构等参数对性能的影响机制并进行了参数优化;
(3)通过对换热器整体热力性能的仿真和实验研究,分析了热力性能的影响因素以及影响机制,可以从冷、热侧出入口位置、流道内翅片排列形式以及冷却工质等角度优化换热器的热力性能；
(4)将人工神经网络技术、灵敏度分析技术、多目标优化技术等与仿真技术相结合,可以拓展研究思路,提高热力性能分析效率。
本文采用数值仿真研究方法结合部分实验工作,研究了换热单元以及换热器的热力性能,分析了性能影响因素以及影响机制,并从不同的角度研究了性能优化途径,为车用换热器的优化设计提供了方向指导。
With the development of the modern vehicular technologies, it is required that vehicular cooling system play an escort role for improving the performances of economic, emission, safety and comfort of vehicles.That is, modern vehicular cooling system is demanded to meet the need of heat dissipation under various operation conditions and guarantee the normal operation of key parts, simultaneously, it must reduce energy loss and improve thermodynamic efficiency of vehicluar system.There is no doubt that performance optimal design of heat exchangers in cooling system is the foundation of realizing advanced cooling system, and the principles and performance effecting mechanisms of fluid flow and heat transfer are the key points to performance optimal design of heat exchangers and even systems. Recently, various enhancing heat transfer technologies are developed and applied, however, it must be at the cost of more flow resistance. As a result, the imperfect flow and heat transfer principles and unclear effect micro-mechanisms are the bottlenecks to research and develop ideal cooling systems.
Following the trend of subtle analysis and precise computation of fluid flow and heat transfer, this thesis investigated the thermodynamic performance effect factors and analyzed the effct mechanisms, and carried out temperature field visualization experiments of heat transfer units to authenticate the numerical methods used in the thesis. The main contents are as follows:
Temperature contour visualization experiments:establishing a numerical platform for thermodynamic performance simulation, setting up test-rig and carrying out temperature field visualization experiments of heat transfer units to authenticate the numerical simulation method.
Thermodynamic performance analysis of typical heat transfer units:the thermodynamic performances of three kinds of typical vehicular heat transfer units were investigated, and the performance effect factors and mechanisms were analyzed, the optimal matching of turbulators and fins and were determined and the structural parameters of fins were optimally designed.
The thermodynamic performance analysis of heat exchangers:the thermodynamic performances of two kinds of vehicular heat exchanges were numerical simulated, the performance effect mechanisms were analyzed and the structure of a heat exchanger was optimally designed. Nanofluid was used as coolant to improve the performance. Experiments were carried out to verify the above simulation results.
The thermodynamic performance analysis methods:artificial neural networks, parameters sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization methods were combined with numerica simulation to analyze the thermodynamic performances.
The main conclusions were as follows:
(1) Infrared camera technology was combined with thermodynamic performance experiments to realize the temperature field visualization of heat transfer units which is the authentication of numerical simulations.
(2) The optimal matching of turbulator and fin was determined by simulating the thermodynamic performances of typical vehicular heat transfer units. The effect mechanisms of structural parameters of fin on performances were analyzed and the parameters were optimized.
(3) The performance effect factors and mechanisms were investigated by simulating the thermodynamic performances of heat exchangers. The location of inlet and outlet of a heat exchanger, the fin arrangement and coolant were important factors to improve the performance.
(4) Artificial neural networks, sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization methods can be usde in thermodynamic performance analysis combined with numerical simulation results, which can broaden the research ideas and improve the analysis efficiency.
Numerical simulation method combined with some experiments was used in the thesis to investigate the thermodynamic performance of typical and vehicular heat transfer units and heat exchangers. The work analyzed the performance effect factors and mechanisms and carried out performance optimal design from several different aspects, which will guide the optimal design directon of vehicular heat exchangers.
引文
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