黄土高原子午岭辽东栋与油松根际微生物生态学研究
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摘要
辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)与油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)是黄土高原子午岭地区最为常见且具有重要生态及经济价值的森林植被类型,二者在黄土高原森林植被演替过程中的承递关系受到广泛关注。对辽东栎与油松根际微生物群落的比较研究,不仅可以丰富和完善林木根际微生物生态学的研究内容,进一步认识根际微生物群落与植物群落的相互关系,而且能够使我们从微生物-植物相互关系的角度深入理解辽东栎与油松在植被演替中的竞争关系,这对于该地区森林植被保护和恢复具有重要的借鉴作用。
本研究利用“平板培养法”、“最大或然数法(MPN)”和“末端标记限制性片段长度多态性法(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP) "分别测定了辽东栎与油松根际微生物三大类群、主要功能群以及遗传多样性组成；利用“熏蒸提取-容量分析法”测定了根际微生物生物量碳(MBC)状况；利用高锰酸钾滴定法、苯酚钠比色法、磷酸苯二钠比色法、铜盐比色法、碘量滴定法、葡萄糖标准溶液比色法和3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法分别测定了根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶和转化酶的活性；利用“浸提-抽滤”法制备了根组织提取液,通过处理土壤,研究了根组织提取液对各类土壤微生物数量的影响情况。
研究结果显示,辽东栎根际多项变量指标均高于油松根际,这些指标主要是土壤微生物总数量、放线菌数量、真菌数量、氨化细菌数量、固氮菌数量、纤维素分解菌数量、根际MBC含量、脲酶活性和蛋白酶活性；用根组织提取液处理土壤,随着根组织提取液浓度的增加,放线菌数量也随之增加,辽东栎根组织提取液比油松根组织提取液更能促进放线菌数量、固氮菌数量、纤维素分解菌数量和硝化细菌数量的增加;辽东栎根际微生物遗传多样性高于油松根际。
研究结果表明,植物根系确实能够促进土壤微生物的生长发育；辽东栎根系可能通过对氨化细菌和固氮菌的促生作用,以及通过增加脲酶和蛋白酶的活性来加速氮素循环；辽东栎对放线菌的富集作用强于油松,这可能有助于提高辽东栎抵御病害的能力；辽东栎与油松在根际营养物质循环积累的方式和效率上的差别,可能是这两种植物共处同一生境时,表现出不同的适应和竞争能力的主要原因之一,辽东栎丰富的根际微生物组成有益于其对土壤养分的转化、吸收与利用,并在与油松的竞争过程中处于优势地位。
Quercus liaotungensis and Pinus tabulaeformis, which are of important ecological and economic value, are the most common types of forest vegetation in the region of Ziwuling of loess plateau. Their successive relationship during the period of the forest vegetation evolution of loess plateau is paid extensive attention. Comparison study about community of the rhizosphere microorganism between Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis has not only enriched and improved the research content about rhizosphere microorganism of forest, it is also useful for us to know the bionomics relationship between the rhizosphere microorganism and plant community, and to know the competition relationship between Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis during the succession period from the point of relationship between microorganism and plant. These researches are important sources of reference to the protection and recovery of forest vegetation of that region.
This research uses plate counting method, MPN method to measure the composition of microorganism in rhizosphere of Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis, researching the inherited diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganism through T-RFLP. Using fumigation extraction-capacity analysis measure microorganism biomass C, Potassium Permanganate Volumetric Method, Colorimetric phenol sodium, Disodium phenyl phosphate assay, Copper assay, Iodometric titration, Glucose standard solution assay and 3,5-Dinitrosalicylicacidcolorimetr measure the calalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, protease, polypherol, cellulase, and invertase about rhizosphere microorganism. Preparing root tissue extract by extraction-filtration method and research the effecting to the microorganism quantity with root tissue extract.
As the result showns, the total quantity of soil microorganism, actinomycetes, fungi, ammonifiers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-docomposing, content of MBC, urease and protease of Q. liaotungensis are all greater than those of P. tabulaeformis. With the concentration is becoming greater, whether use Q. liaotungensis or P. tabulaeformis to dispose the soil, the quantity of actinomycetes is increased, also, the microbial functional groups of soil microorganism is increased. Comparing with the root tissue extract of Q. liaotungensis is more useful in increasing the number of soil microorganism. Also, the inherited diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganism of Q. liaotungensis is greater than P. tabulaeformis.
The result showns that root system of plant can indeed promote growing of soil microorganism; through expediting the propagation of ammonifiers and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and also increasing the activity of urease and protease, rhizosphere of Q. liaotungensis may accelerate nitrogen cycle. Compare with P. tabulaeformis, Q. liaotungensis is more effective to actinomycetes; this may improve the protection against plant disease. Differention of rhizosphere nutrient substance cycle and accumulative mode and efficiency in converting and accumulating soil nutrient substance of Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis. These may the main reason for their different adaptive capacity and competitive strength in the same environment. Abundant rhizosphere soil microorganism composition of Q. liaotungensis is useful to convert, absorb and utilize soil nutrient, also be in superiority position in competition with P. tabulaeformis.
本研究利用“平板培养法”、“最大或然数法(MPN)”和“末端标记限制性片段长度多态性法(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP) "分别测定了辽东栎与油松根际微生物三大类群、主要功能群以及遗传多样性组成；利用“熏蒸提取-容量分析法”测定了根际微生物生物量碳(MBC)状况；利用高锰酸钾滴定法、苯酚钠比色法、磷酸苯二钠比色法、铜盐比色法、碘量滴定法、葡萄糖标准溶液比色法和3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法分别测定了根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶和转化酶的活性；利用“浸提-抽滤”法制备了根组织提取液,通过处理土壤,研究了根组织提取液对各类土壤微生物数量的影响情况。
研究结果显示,辽东栎根际多项变量指标均高于油松根际,这些指标主要是土壤微生物总数量、放线菌数量、真菌数量、氨化细菌数量、固氮菌数量、纤维素分解菌数量、根际MBC含量、脲酶活性和蛋白酶活性；用根组织提取液处理土壤,随着根组织提取液浓度的增加,放线菌数量也随之增加,辽东栎根组织提取液比油松根组织提取液更能促进放线菌数量、固氮菌数量、纤维素分解菌数量和硝化细菌数量的增加;辽东栎根际微生物遗传多样性高于油松根际。
研究结果表明,植物根系确实能够促进土壤微生物的生长发育；辽东栎根系可能通过对氨化细菌和固氮菌的促生作用,以及通过增加脲酶和蛋白酶的活性来加速氮素循环；辽东栎对放线菌的富集作用强于油松,这可能有助于提高辽东栎抵御病害的能力；辽东栎与油松在根际营养物质循环积累的方式和效率上的差别,可能是这两种植物共处同一生境时,表现出不同的适应和竞争能力的主要原因之一,辽东栎丰富的根际微生物组成有益于其对土壤养分的转化、吸收与利用,并在与油松的竞争过程中处于优势地位。
Quercus liaotungensis and Pinus tabulaeformis, which are of important ecological and economic value, are the most common types of forest vegetation in the region of Ziwuling of loess plateau. Their successive relationship during the period of the forest vegetation evolution of loess plateau is paid extensive attention. Comparison study about community of the rhizosphere microorganism between Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis has not only enriched and improved the research content about rhizosphere microorganism of forest, it is also useful for us to know the bionomics relationship between the rhizosphere microorganism and plant community, and to know the competition relationship between Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis during the succession period from the point of relationship between microorganism and plant. These researches are important sources of reference to the protection and recovery of forest vegetation of that region.
This research uses plate counting method, MPN method to measure the composition of microorganism in rhizosphere of Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis, researching the inherited diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganism through T-RFLP. Using fumigation extraction-capacity analysis measure microorganism biomass C, Potassium Permanganate Volumetric Method, Colorimetric phenol sodium, Disodium phenyl phosphate assay, Copper assay, Iodometric titration, Glucose standard solution assay and 3,5-Dinitrosalicylicacidcolorimetr measure the calalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, protease, polypherol, cellulase, and invertase about rhizosphere microorganism. Preparing root tissue extract by extraction-filtration method and research the effecting to the microorganism quantity with root tissue extract.
As the result showns, the total quantity of soil microorganism, actinomycetes, fungi, ammonifiers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-docomposing, content of MBC, urease and protease of Q. liaotungensis are all greater than those of P. tabulaeformis. With the concentration is becoming greater, whether use Q. liaotungensis or P. tabulaeformis to dispose the soil, the quantity of actinomycetes is increased, also, the microbial functional groups of soil microorganism is increased. Comparing with the root tissue extract of Q. liaotungensis is more useful in increasing the number of soil microorganism. Also, the inherited diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganism of Q. liaotungensis is greater than P. tabulaeformis.
The result showns that root system of plant can indeed promote growing of soil microorganism; through expediting the propagation of ammonifiers and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and also increasing the activity of urease and protease, rhizosphere of Q. liaotungensis may accelerate nitrogen cycle. Compare with P. tabulaeformis, Q. liaotungensis is more effective to actinomycetes; this may improve the protection against plant disease. Differention of rhizosphere nutrient substance cycle and accumulative mode and efficiency in converting and accumulating soil nutrient substance of Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis. These may the main reason for their different adaptive capacity and competitive strength in the same environment. Abundant rhizosphere soil microorganism composition of Q. liaotungensis is useful to convert, absorb and utilize soil nutrient, also be in superiority position in competition with P. tabulaeformis.
引文
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