高速列车牵引制动过程的动力学性能仿真
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摘要
目前,我国已开通京沪、京广、哈大、郑西等多条高速客运专线,列车最高运营时速达到300km。随着列车运行速度的提高,横风和轨道激励对高速列车的动力学性能影响也随之增大。本文通过建立高速列车动力学模型,分析了不同横风速度以及轨道激励作用下列车牵引/制动过程的动力学性能。
首先,建立6M2T的列车动力学模型,其中头车和尾车为拖车。根据高速列车在横风作用下的气动性能,将横风效应简化为集中力和力矩加载到车体上。将列车运行基本阻力以函数的形式分别加载到各车上。根据列车牵引计算公式,计算出每根动轴加载牵引力矩的大小,然后加载到模型上。在制动仿真过程中,制动力的大小根据不同工况下轮轨粘着力大小确定。
其次,考虑到横风对高速列车粘着力的影响,建立轮轨粘着控制模型。以蠕滑速度为判据,通过改变牵引/制动力矩大小,控制列车在牵引/制动工况下的粘着利用情况。
最后,研究了高速列车在不同横风速度和轨道激励下的平均启动加速度、制动距离、蠕滑速度,以及牵引/制动力的变化情况。分析了各工况下的动力学性能,研究了横风和轨道激励对列车运行安全性及车轮磨耗的影响。结果表明,横风对高速牵引动力学性能影响最大,轨道激励次之。并给出了高速列车在横风作用下的运行安全域。
Now high speed passenger dedicated lines such as Jing-Hu, Jing-Guang, Ha-Da and Zheng-Xi, etc., have gone into operation, and the highest running speed is300km/h. As the train speed increases, the influence of cross wind and track excitation on high speed train dynamic performance increases. Through building the dynamic model of the high speed train, the dynamic performance of the train in traction and braking is analyzed by considering different cross winds and track excitations.
Firstly, the dynamic model of a high speed train with train formation6M2T is established, and the front car and rear car are trailer cars. According to the aerodynamic performance of the train under cross wind, the cross wind effect is simplified as concentrated forces and torques and exerted on the carboy. The basic running resistance of the train is loaded on each car as the function of speed. The traction torque on each wheelset is calculated according to the traction calculation formula. The braking force is determined by the wheel/rail adhesion force under different operating condistions.
Secondly, the adhesion control model is set up by considering the effect of cross wind on the adhesion force of the high speed train. The creep velocity is taken as the control variable and adhesion utilization in traction and braking is controlled through changing the traction and braking toques.
Finally, the average start acceleration, braking distance, creep velocity, traction and braking forces are studied for the high speed trains under different cross winds and track excitations. The dynamic performance is calculated under different condition, and the running safety and wheel wear index are investigated. The result shows that, the cross wind has significant influence on the traction dynamic performance compared with the effect of the track excitation. Then, the operating safety margin of the high speed train under cross wind is suggested.
首先,建立6M2T的列车动力学模型,其中头车和尾车为拖车。根据高速列车在横风作用下的气动性能,将横风效应简化为集中力和力矩加载到车体上。将列车运行基本阻力以函数的形式分别加载到各车上。根据列车牵引计算公式,计算出每根动轴加载牵引力矩的大小,然后加载到模型上。在制动仿真过程中,制动力的大小根据不同工况下轮轨粘着力大小确定。
其次,考虑到横风对高速列车粘着力的影响,建立轮轨粘着控制模型。以蠕滑速度为判据,通过改变牵引/制动力矩大小,控制列车在牵引/制动工况下的粘着利用情况。
最后,研究了高速列车在不同横风速度和轨道激励下的平均启动加速度、制动距离、蠕滑速度,以及牵引/制动力的变化情况。分析了各工况下的动力学性能,研究了横风和轨道激励对列车运行安全性及车轮磨耗的影响。结果表明,横风对高速牵引动力学性能影响最大,轨道激励次之。并给出了高速列车在横风作用下的运行安全域。
Now high speed passenger dedicated lines such as Jing-Hu, Jing-Guang, Ha-Da and Zheng-Xi, etc., have gone into operation, and the highest running speed is300km/h. As the train speed increases, the influence of cross wind and track excitation on high speed train dynamic performance increases. Through building the dynamic model of the high speed train, the dynamic performance of the train in traction and braking is analyzed by considering different cross winds and track excitations.
Firstly, the dynamic model of a high speed train with train formation6M2T is established, and the front car and rear car are trailer cars. According to the aerodynamic performance of the train under cross wind, the cross wind effect is simplified as concentrated forces and torques and exerted on the carboy. The basic running resistance of the train is loaded on each car as the function of speed. The traction torque on each wheelset is calculated according to the traction calculation formula. The braking force is determined by the wheel/rail adhesion force under different operating condistions.
Secondly, the adhesion control model is set up by considering the effect of cross wind on the adhesion force of the high speed train. The creep velocity is taken as the control variable and adhesion utilization in traction and braking is controlled through changing the traction and braking toques.
Finally, the average start acceleration, braking distance, creep velocity, traction and braking forces are studied for the high speed trains under different cross winds and track excitations. The dynamic performance is calculated under different condition, and the running safety and wheel wear index are investigated. The result shows that, the cross wind has significant influence on the traction dynamic performance compared with the effect of the track excitation. Then, the operating safety margin of the high speed train under cross wind is suggested.
引文
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