粉质土路基沉降机理与发展规律研究
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摘要
本文从粉质土的工程特性和动力特性的试验入手,全面系统地探讨了粉质土的动、静力学特性,紧密结合粉质土的各种力学特性,着重分析了粉质土路基的沉降机理,从而提出了适用于粉质土地区路基的沉降发展规律。最后通过对濮阳市某高速公路现场沉降观测试验的设计及其观测数据的整理和分析,并将理论计算结果与实测结果进行对比和分析,进而印证了本文提出的粉质土路基沉降发展规律。取得的主要研究成果如下:
通过标准击实试验、静力压实试验、直剪试验、渗透试验、单向压缩试验,以及大应变条件下的动三轴试验等一系列试验,全面系统地认识了粉质土的工程特性,得到了粉质土的静压力和渗透系数k与孔隙比,动弹模与动应变,动剪应力与动剪应变,抗剪强度与压实度、振动频率以及含水量之间,振动频率与临界动应变、临界动强度之间,压缩模量与压实度、含水量之间;压实的难易程度与颗粒级配以及液限等物理量之间的变化规律;并提出了一种新的试样质量好而且方便快捷制样方法,而且通过采取一定措施成功地预防粉质土遇水散化现象对试验结果造成的影响。
紧密结合粉质土的工程特性,详细分析粉质土路基的沉降机理,提出了计算粉质土路基最终沉降量的方法——“改进的分层总和法”和“修正的邓肯-张模型”,并依据一维固结法存在的不足以及粉质土渗透试验成果,提出了“改进的一维固结法”用于计算粉质土路基沉降随时间的发展规律,从而为粉质土路基的沉降计算提供了实用的计算方法及其理论依据。
According to the data of the physical mechanical test and dynamical test of silty soil property, all kinds of mechanical properties are systematically analyzed. The settlement mechanism of silty soil subgrade is emphatically discussed according to the mechanical properties. A method of settlement calculation of silty soil subgrade has been put forward . The measured data of silty soil subgrade settlement has been collected based on a field settlement observation scheme of a freeway designed in Puyang City. Compared with these observed data, calculated result fits well.The following main achievements are obtained by study in this dissertationA series of tests have been carried out, such as standard indoor compaction test, static compaction test, direct shear test, permeability test, axial compression test, dynamic tri-axial test in great strain state. Static and dynamic mechanics characteristics of silty soil have been systemicly realized. The relationships have been obtained of static pressure versus permeability coefficient (k), static pressure versus void ratio, dynamic modulus of elasticity versus dynamic strain, dynamic shearing strength versus dynamic shearing strain and degree of compaction, vibration frequency versus water content, critical dynamic strain and critical dynamic strength, modulus of compressibility versus compaction degree and water content, the difficulties of compaction versus gradation of grain and liquid limit, and so on. Also a convenient new sample making method has been put forward, which is able to make high-quality samples. Furthermore, certain measures have been taken to prevent effectively the influence to test result by the fact of silty soil loosening when encountering water.According closely to the engineering characteristics of silty soil, settlement mechanism is analyzed in detail for silty soil subgrade. An advanced by-layer summation method and modified Duncan-Chang model have been put forward to calculate the final settlement for silty soil subgrade. And according to the disadvantages existing in the one-dimension consolidation theory and the test result of silty soil permeability test, one-dimension consolidation theory has been improved to explain the developing regularity of settlement for silty soil subgrade. As a result, the applied calculation method and theory basic to calculate the settlement for silty soil subgrade has been provided.
通过标准击实试验、静力压实试验、直剪试验、渗透试验、单向压缩试验,以及大应变条件下的动三轴试验等一系列试验,全面系统地认识了粉质土的工程特性,得到了粉质土的静压力和渗透系数k与孔隙比,动弹模与动应变,动剪应力与动剪应变,抗剪强度与压实度、振动频率以及含水量之间,振动频率与临界动应变、临界动强度之间,压缩模量与压实度、含水量之间;压实的难易程度与颗粒级配以及液限等物理量之间的变化规律;并提出了一种新的试样质量好而且方便快捷制样方法,而且通过采取一定措施成功地预防粉质土遇水散化现象对试验结果造成的影响。
紧密结合粉质土的工程特性,详细分析粉质土路基的沉降机理,提出了计算粉质土路基最终沉降量的方法——“改进的分层总和法”和“修正的邓肯-张模型”,并依据一维固结法存在的不足以及粉质土渗透试验成果,提出了“改进的一维固结法”用于计算粉质土路基沉降随时间的发展规律,从而为粉质土路基的沉降计算提供了实用的计算方法及其理论依据。
According to the data of the physical mechanical test and dynamical test of silty soil property, all kinds of mechanical properties are systematically analyzed. The settlement mechanism of silty soil subgrade is emphatically discussed according to the mechanical properties. A method of settlement calculation of silty soil subgrade has been put forward . The measured data of silty soil subgrade settlement has been collected based on a field settlement observation scheme of a freeway designed in Puyang City. Compared with these observed data, calculated result fits well.The following main achievements are obtained by study in this dissertationA series of tests have been carried out, such as standard indoor compaction test, static compaction test, direct shear test, permeability test, axial compression test, dynamic tri-axial test in great strain state. Static and dynamic mechanics characteristics of silty soil have been systemicly realized. The relationships have been obtained of static pressure versus permeability coefficient (k), static pressure versus void ratio, dynamic modulus of elasticity versus dynamic strain, dynamic shearing strength versus dynamic shearing strain and degree of compaction, vibration frequency versus water content, critical dynamic strain and critical dynamic strength, modulus of compressibility versus compaction degree and water content, the difficulties of compaction versus gradation of grain and liquid limit, and so on. Also a convenient new sample making method has been put forward, which is able to make high-quality samples. Furthermore, certain measures have been taken to prevent effectively the influence to test result by the fact of silty soil loosening when encountering water.According closely to the engineering characteristics of silty soil, settlement mechanism is analyzed in detail for silty soil subgrade. An advanced by-layer summation method and modified Duncan-Chang model have been put forward to calculate the final settlement for silty soil subgrade. And according to the disadvantages existing in the one-dimension consolidation theory and the test result of silty soil permeability test, one-dimension consolidation theory has been improved to explain the developing regularity of settlement for silty soil subgrade. As a result, the applied calculation method and theory basic to calculate the settlement for silty soil subgrade has been provided.
引文
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[23] Tianqiang G, Shamsher P. Liquefaction of silts and silty-clay mixtures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1999, 125(8): 706-710
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[32] Nikhilesh R, Parth S. Strainratebehavior of compacted silt. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineerings, 1976, 102(GT4): 347-360
[33] Yao Y. Testing and modeling of silty and sulphide-rich soils:[Ph. Ddissertation]. Sweden. Lule University of Technology, 1993, 20-50
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[35] [印度]S.普拉卡什著.土动力学.徐攸在,王志良,王余庆等译.第一版.北京:水利电力出版社.1984,70-85
[36] Yamamuro Jerry A, Covert Kelly M. Monotonic and cyclic liquefaction of very loose sands with high silt content. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2001, 127(4): 314-324
[37] Amini F, Liquefaction GZ Qi. Testing of stratified silty sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2000, 126(3): 208-217
[38] Sun L, Xuejun D. Predicting vertical dynamic loads caused by vehicle-pavement interaction. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1998, 124(5): 470-478
[39] Liang Robert Y, Zhu J X. Dynamic analysis of infinite beam on modified vlasov subgrade. Journal of Transportation Engineeri.ng, 1995, 121 (5): 434-442
[40] Jonathan D B, Rodolfo B S, Turan D et al. Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in adapazari, turkey. Journal of Geotechnieal and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2004, 130(7): 673-685
[41] Altun S, Goktepe A B, Akguner C. Cyclic shear strength of silts and sands under cyclic loading. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2005, 33(1): 1-11
[42] Yasuhara K, Murakami S, Byung-Woong S et al. Postcyclic degradation of strength and stiffness for low plasticity silt. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2003, 129(8): 756-769
[43] 王翠莲,李燕,史三元.饱和粉土动参数的试验分析.建筑结构,2003,33(11):42-44
[44] 叶银灿,来向华.杭州湾粉质土动强度特性研究.海洋科学,2003,27(2):56-59
[45] 黄博,陈云敏,殷建华等.粉土和粉砂的动力特性试验研究.浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,36(2):143-147
[46] Miller G A, Teh S Y, Li D, et al. Cyclic shear strength of soft railroad subgrade. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2000, 126(2): 139-147
[47] 王丽霞,凌贤长,刘红艳等.多年冻土场地路基地震动位移性状研究.世界地震工程,2004,20(2):112-116
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[3] 刘福臣.对粉土定名的商榷.岩土工程技术,1999,(1):58-60
[4] 赵忠宝.黄河的六次大变迁.陕西水利,1996,(1):45
[5] Kaare H, Rune D, Sandbaekken G. Strength of undisturbed versus reconstituted silt and silty sand specimens. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Enginee-ring, 2000, July: 606～617
[6] Salgado R, Bandini P, Karim A. Shear strength and stiffness of silty sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2000, 126(5): 451-462
[7] Saul S, Yamamuro Jerry, A. Effects of silt on three-dimensional stress-strain behavior of loose sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Enginee-ring, 2003, 129(1): 1-11
[8] Yamamuro Jerry A, Lade Poul V. Steady-state concepts and static liquefaction of silty sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1998, 124(9): 868-877
[9] 潘振华.粉砂土路基工程特性及其整治.铁道标准设计,2002,(7):51-53
[10] 商庆森,刘树堂,姚占勇等.二灰稳定黄河冲(淤)积粉土的研究.公路交通科技,1998,15(4):7-11
[11] 苗宝珠,郭大进,胡力群等.高速公路水泥稳定粉土底基层研究.公路交通科技,2003,20(1):174-177
[12] 商庆森,姚占勇,刘树堂.提高石灰稳定粉土的强度及抗冻性的研究.山东工业大学学报,1997,27(1):8-15
[13] 姚占勇,刘树堂,商庆森.生石灰粉稳定黄河冲(淤)积粉土的可行性探讨.山东工业大学学报,1999,29(1):77-80
[14] 曹右生.粉土承载力评价探讨.勘察科学技术,1995,(2):20-25
[15] 孟毅.潍坊市区低塑性粉土标贯击数与承载力标准值回归关系.西部探矿工程,1997.5,(5):33
[16] 袁灿勤,韩爱民,严三保.南京城区漫滩相浅层粉土的承载力.南京建筑工 程学院学报,1999,(2):34-38
[17] 杨鸿钧.用孔隙比修正评价粉土的容许承载力和密实度.港工技术,2003,(3):53-55
[18] 曹婧.浅谈高速公路粉质土路基填筑施工质量控制.内蒙古科技与经济,2004,(3):49-50
[19] 申爱琴,郑南翔,苏毅等.含砂低液限粉土填筑路基压实机理及施工技术研究.中国公路学报,2000,13(4):12-15
[20] 王维桥,商庆森,王川等.黄河冲积粉砂土的可塑性与压实控制标准分析.山东大学学报(工学版),2003,33(5):589-592
[21] 吴德纯.燕京地区粉土的工程特性.岩土工程界,2001,4(10):32-33
[22] 牛琪瑛,裘以惠,史美筠.粉土抗液化特性的试验研究.太原理工大学学报,1996,27(3):5-9
[23] Tianqiang G, Shamsher P. Liquefaction of silts and silty-clay mixtures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1999, 125(8): 706-710
[24] 赵明华主编.土力学与基础工程.第一版.武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000年,30
[25] 周翠英.土体微观结构研究与土力学的发展方向—若干进展与思考.地球科学.中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):215-220
[26] 曾超,肖锋,唐仲华.应用灰色模型(G,M)预测软土路基沉降量.安全与环境工程,2002,9(1):17-19
[27] Marche R, Menoret A, Philippe M. Preloading at the south end of confignon tunnel. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1997, 123(4): 355-368
[28] 张士励,徐海.粉质土地基施工的沉降问题及其处理方法.公路与汽运,2004,(2):48-49
[29] 刘增贤.软基工后沉降的观测与分析.中外公路,2002,33(2):33-35
[30] 阮永芬,刘岳东.昆明盆地粉土的特性研究与利用.岩土力学,2003,24(增):199-202
[31] 喻萍,袁苏跃,王海莹.昆明地区粉、砂土液化判别存在问题的讨论.昆明理工大学学报,2004,29(2):99-102
[32] Nikhilesh R, Parth S. Strainratebehavior of compacted silt. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineerings, 1976, 102(GT4): 347-360
[33] Yao Y. Testing and modeling of silty and sulphide-rich soils:[Ph. Ddissertation]. Sweden. Lule University of Technology, 1993, 20-50
[34] 杨少丽,林霖.改进的室内粉土制样技术.岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):379-380
[35] [印度]S.普拉卡什著.土动力学.徐攸在,王志良,王余庆等译.第一版.北京:水利电力出版社.1984,70-85
[36] Yamamuro Jerry A, Covert Kelly M. Monotonic and cyclic liquefaction of very loose sands with high silt content. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2001, 127(4): 314-324
[37] Amini F, Liquefaction GZ Qi. Testing of stratified silty sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2000, 126(3): 208-217
[38] Sun L, Xuejun D. Predicting vertical dynamic loads caused by vehicle-pavement interaction. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1998, 124(5): 470-478
[39] Liang Robert Y, Zhu J X. Dynamic analysis of infinite beam on modified vlasov subgrade. Journal of Transportation Engineeri.ng, 1995, 121 (5): 434-442
[40] Jonathan D B, Rodolfo B S, Turan D et al. Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in adapazari, turkey. Journal of Geotechnieal and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2004, 130(7): 673-685
[41] Altun S, Goktepe A B, Akguner C. Cyclic shear strength of silts and sands under cyclic loading. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2005, 33(1): 1-11
[42] Yasuhara K, Murakami S, Byung-Woong S et al. Postcyclic degradation of strength and stiffness for low plasticity silt. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2003, 129(8): 756-769
[43] 王翠莲,李燕,史三元.饱和粉土动参数的试验分析.建筑结构,2003,33(11):42-44
[44] 叶银灿,来向华.杭州湾粉质土动强度特性研究.海洋科学,2003,27(2):56-59
[45] 黄博,陈云敏,殷建华等.粉土和粉砂的动力特性试验研究.浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,36(2):143-147
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