鞍山市中小企业集群发展研究
摘要
在世界经济不断发展的今天,中小企业已成为我国最活跃、发展速度最快的经济组织,在促进市场变革、商业竞争、科技成果转化、吸纳就业人员等方面发挥了极其重要的作用。近些年来,集群已成为中小企业合作的主流模式,中小企业集群在经济增长中的作用也越来越重要。中小企业集群的企业组织形式是源于中小企业为谋求改变自身的生存环境所形成的一种“结盟”,并随着分工与专业化的发展而发展；它能为企业带来基础设施同享的外部规模经济、增加知识交流与传播、降低交易费用和成本。
鞍山市的中小企业以其特有的方式发挥着对经济增长的作用,并已经成为提升鞍山经济竞争力的重要因素。鞍山市的中小企业集群已经初步形成,如何引导其发展方向,强化其竞争优势,是当前地方政府和集群内企业急需解决的问题。本文采用规范研究和实证研究相结合的方法,首先从理论上澄清企业集群的相关概念,以规范的分析方法综述了前人的理论成果,然后从鞍山市中小企业群集出发,研究了鞍山市中小企业集群的发展情况,剖析了鞍山市中小企业集群发展存在的问题及原因,最后为推进鞍山市中小企业集群发展提出了一系列对策和建议。
In nowadays,with the continuous development of the world economy, small and medium-sized enterprises, have already become the most active economic organization with the fastest developing speed of our country. They have played an extremely important role in the fields including promoting market innovation commercial competition, transformation of scientific and technical result and absorbing employees etc. In recent years, cluster has already become the major cooperative mode of the small and medium-sized enterprises and begun to play more and more important role in economic growth. In order to change its living environment, the enterprise organization form of the cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises originated from one kind of "form an alliance", and it followed the development of labor division and specialization.This kind of form can bring the external economies of scale which could fulfill the share of the infrastructure together to the enterprises in the cluster, increase communication and spread of the knowledge, reduce expenses and cost of the bargain.
Small and Medium-sized enterprises of Anshan contribute to the development of economy by its unique way and have already become the important factor in promoting the Anshan economic competition. After the preliminary formation of Anshan small and medium-sized enterprises clusters, what we should think about is how to guide its development direction and strengthen its competitive advantage, which is the current local government and enterprises in the clusters urgently need to be resolved. This article uses both the standard research and the real diagnosis research. First, the related concepts of clusters were clarified clearly and the predecessor's theories are summarized by the standard analysis method in the article. Second, based on the Anshan small and Medium-sized enterprises clusters circumstances, I studied its development and analyzed its existence question and the reason. Finally, I proposed a series of countermeasures and suggestion to advance Anshan small and medium-sized enterprises cluster.
鞍山市的中小企业以其特有的方式发挥着对经济增长的作用,并已经成为提升鞍山经济竞争力的重要因素。鞍山市的中小企业集群已经初步形成,如何引导其发展方向,强化其竞争优势,是当前地方政府和集群内企业急需解决的问题。本文采用规范研究和实证研究相结合的方法,首先从理论上澄清企业集群的相关概念,以规范的分析方法综述了前人的理论成果,然后从鞍山市中小企业群集出发,研究了鞍山市中小企业集群的发展情况,剖析了鞍山市中小企业集群发展存在的问题及原因,最后为推进鞍山市中小企业集群发展提出了一系列对策和建议。
In nowadays,with the continuous development of the world economy, small and medium-sized enterprises, have already become the most active economic organization with the fastest developing speed of our country. They have played an extremely important role in the fields including promoting market innovation commercial competition, transformation of scientific and technical result and absorbing employees etc. In recent years, cluster has already become the major cooperative mode of the small and medium-sized enterprises and begun to play more and more important role in economic growth. In order to change its living environment, the enterprise organization form of the cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises originated from one kind of "form an alliance", and it followed the development of labor division and specialization.This kind of form can bring the external economies of scale which could fulfill the share of the infrastructure together to the enterprises in the cluster, increase communication and spread of the knowledge, reduce expenses and cost of the bargain.
Small and Medium-sized enterprises of Anshan contribute to the development of economy by its unique way and have already become the important factor in promoting the Anshan economic competition. After the preliminary formation of Anshan small and medium-sized enterprises clusters, what we should think about is how to guide its development direction and strengthen its competitive advantage, which is the current local government and enterprises in the clusters urgently need to be resolved. This article uses both the standard research and the real diagnosis research. First, the related concepts of clusters were clarified clearly and the predecessor's theories are summarized by the standard analysis method in the article. Second, based on the Anshan small and Medium-sized enterprises clusters circumstances, I studied its development and analyzed its existence question and the reason. Finally, I proposed a series of countermeasures and suggestion to advance Anshan small and medium-sized enterprises cluster.
引文
1.郑健壮,吴晓波.中小企业集群经济持续发展动因[J],经济理论与经济管理,2007,(3)：31-34
2.何健.企业群理论的形成与演进[J],经济管理,2004,(10)：25-29
3.马歇尔.经济学原理[M],北京：商务印书馆,1997,46-50
4.仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M],上海：复旦大学出版社,1999：65-72
5.亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究[M],北京：商务印书馆,1997：23-27
6.韦伯.工业区位论[M],北京：商务印书馆,1997：34-36
7.奥利弗·E,威廉姆森著.资本主义经济制度：论企业签约与市场签约[M],北京：商务印书馆,2002：56-61
8.迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M],北京：华夏出版社,2003：26-34
9.史东明.核心能力论：构筑企业与产业的国际竞争力[M],北京：北京大学出版社,2005：84-87
10. Michael E. Porter." Clusters and the New Economics of Competition.", Harvard Business Review,1998,Nov-Dec:77-90
11 Jacobs Dany and Ard-Pieter DeMan. "Clusters, Industrial Policy and Firm Stratge" 2001:74-77
12.朱华晟.中小企业集群化的几点思考[J],改革与战略,2005(4)：21-24.
13.吴思华.高科技企业的经营战略[J], 中外管理,2004(7)：31-33
14.李永刚.祝青,浙江小企业集群式发展初探[J],财经论丛,2004.(9)：34-37
15.鲁慧君.产业群战略与区域经济发展[J],经济管理,2006(7)：12-15
16.徐康宁.开放经济条件下的产业集群及竞争力研究[J],中国工业经济,2005(11)：34-37
17.魏江.产业集群—创新系统与技术学习[M],北京：科学出版社,2004：194-197
18.蔡铂,聂鸣.社会网络对企业集群技术创新的影响[J],科学学与科学技术管理,2006(7)：29-32
19. John. Humphrey.principles of promoting clusters networks of SMEs, Institete on Development Strdies.Univesity of Sussex,1995.october
20.姜红.积聚效应与企业集群发展[J],工业经济,2005(11)：34-36
21.魏守华.集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析[J],中国工业经济,2006(1)：28-34
22.杨建梅,杨静.评价企业集群竞争力的GEM模型及其应用[J],科学与科学技术管理,2003(9)：23-26
23.王缉慈.地方产业集群战略[J],中国工业经济,2002(3)：58-59
24.刘艳,刘东.关于发展南京企业集群的研究[J],南京社会科学,2004增刊：27-30
25.钱平凡,振兴东.北老工业基地要实施产业集群发展战略[J],经济纵横.2005(1)：31-34
26.鞍山市2005年政府工作报告,2006.02
27.王缉慈.企业集群与区域发展[M],北京：北京大学出版社,2001：239-242
28.谯薇.中小企业集群存在与发展的理论基础[J],兰州商学院学报,2005,(1)：4-6
29.郭劲光,高静美.网络、资源与竞争优势[J],中国工业经济,2004(3)79-86
30.魏守华,刘光海,邵东涛.产业集群内中小企业间接融资特点及策略研究[J],财经研究,2005(9)53-60
2.何健.企业群理论的形成与演进[J],经济管理,2004,(10)：25-29
3.马歇尔.经济学原理[M],北京：商务印书馆,1997,46-50
4.仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M],上海：复旦大学出版社,1999：65-72
5.亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究[M],北京：商务印书馆,1997：23-27
6.韦伯.工业区位论[M],北京：商务印书馆,1997：34-36
7.奥利弗·E,威廉姆森著.资本主义经济制度：论企业签约与市场签约[M],北京：商务印书馆,2002：56-61
8.迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M],北京：华夏出版社,2003：26-34
9.史东明.核心能力论：构筑企业与产业的国际竞争力[M],北京：北京大学出版社,2005：84-87
10. Michael E. Porter." Clusters and the New Economics of Competition.", Harvard Business Review,1998,Nov-Dec:77-90
11 Jacobs Dany and Ard-Pieter DeMan. "Clusters, Industrial Policy and Firm Stratge" 2001:74-77
12.朱华晟.中小企业集群化的几点思考[J],改革与战略,2005(4)：21-24.
13.吴思华.高科技企业的经营战略[J], 中外管理,2004(7)：31-33
14.李永刚.祝青,浙江小企业集群式发展初探[J],财经论丛,2004.(9)：34-37
15.鲁慧君.产业群战略与区域经济发展[J],经济管理,2006(7)：12-15
16.徐康宁.开放经济条件下的产业集群及竞争力研究[J],中国工业经济,2005(11)：34-37
17.魏江.产业集群—创新系统与技术学习[M],北京：科学出版社,2004：194-197
18.蔡铂,聂鸣.社会网络对企业集群技术创新的影响[J],科学学与科学技术管理,2006(7)：29-32
19. John. Humphrey.principles of promoting clusters networks of SMEs, Institete on Development Strdies.Univesity of Sussex,1995.october
20.姜红.积聚效应与企业集群发展[J],工业经济,2005(11)：34-36
21.魏守华.集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析[J],中国工业经济,2006(1)：28-34
22.杨建梅,杨静.评价企业集群竞争力的GEM模型及其应用[J],科学与科学技术管理,2003(9)：23-26
23.王缉慈.地方产业集群战略[J],中国工业经济,2002(3)：58-59
24.刘艳,刘东.关于发展南京企业集群的研究[J],南京社会科学,2004增刊：27-30
25.钱平凡,振兴东.北老工业基地要实施产业集群发展战略[J],经济纵横.2005(1)：31-34
26.鞍山市2005年政府工作报告,2006.02
27.王缉慈.企业集群与区域发展[M],北京：北京大学出版社,2001：239-242
28.谯薇.中小企业集群存在与发展的理论基础[J],兰州商学院学报,2005,(1)：4-6
29.郭劲光,高静美.网络、资源与竞争优势[J],中国工业经济,2004(3)79-86
30.魏守华,刘光海,邵东涛.产业集群内中小企业间接融资特点及策略研究[J],财经研究,2005(9)53-60