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崇明东滩硅藻植物研究
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摘要
湿地是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,其中蕴藏着丰富的藻类资源。我国的湿地面积广阔,从寒温带到热带、从沿海到内陆、从平原到高原山区都有湿地分布。崇明东滩位于长江入海口,是我国重要的河口湿地之一。迄今为止,鸟类,鱼类,浮游动物已有调查,有关硅藻方面的研究报道较少。本论文对崇明东滩的硅藻种类多样性进行了初步的调查和研究,为崇明东滩藻类资源调查及藻类多样性和湿地生态学研究提供资料,也为我国藻类资源调查提供基础资料。
     2008年3月、7月、10月,2009年1月分别对崇明东滩进行了四次藻类标本采集。对其中的硅藻门植物进行了种类鉴定,并初步分析了硅藻的种类组成和生态特征,共鉴定硅藻有169个分类单位,包括148种21变种,隶属于3纲18目34科58属。其中中国新纪录14种3变种。
     本文还对崇明东滩湿地硅藻的种类组成和生态分布特点进行了初步分析与探讨:
     1.崇明东滩大部分硅藻种类为海水种及半咸水种,也存在一些淡水种,还发现了部分典型生境的代表种类。
     2.崇明东滩硅藻种类丰富,主要特点是以普生性种类为主,绝大多数都是世界性的广布种或是北半球广泛分布的种类。
     3.生境条件下的偶见种多,优势种和常见种少。在观察到的标本中仅有6种称为较明显的优势种。
     4.四种生境中,光滩共鉴定有硅藻73个分类单位;海三棱藨草区鉴定有硅藻61个分类单位;互花米草—芦苇区共鉴定有硅藻140个分类单位;潮沟有硅藻69个分类单位。
     5.四个季节中,春天种类组成最为丰富,共鉴定有硅藻138个分类单位;夏季共鉴定硅藻51个分类单位;秋季种类较少,共发现硅藻49个分类单位;冬季共发现64个分类单位。
Wetlands, which is very vast in our country, scatter mainly in cold temperate, tropical,the coast, the inland, the inland plateau, the mountains and so on, is a systematic important component of natural ecology contained rich alga resource among them. Chongming Island is located in Yangtze River estuary,and play a very important role in china, So far, bird, fish, zooplankton have been investigated, but the research of diatom is relative weakness. In this paper,preliminary investigation and study have been done about the diversity of diatom in Chongming Island and provide important data to algae resource investigations, diversity of algae and wetland ecology research to Chongming Island, also provides the basis data to our country’s algae investigation.
     We have carried out four times of alga specimen collection at Chongming Dongtan in March , July and October 2008, January 2009. The light microscope is made use of observation on all specimens and take photos, unit making use of scanning electron microscope to observe and take photos, 169 taxa have been identified, including 148 species, 21varieties, which belong to 3 classes 18 orders 34 families and 58 genera. Among them 14 species and 3 varieties are newly recorded in China.
     The species composition and distribution of diatom in Chongming Dongtan were discussed preliminarily:
     1. Majority of species in Chongming Island are marine species and brackish water species, some freshwater species also appeared, some representative species of typical habitat also discovered.
     2. Chongming Island have diversity rich diatom species, the main characteristic is mainly of these taxa are general widespread species, most of all is the world’s widely distributed species or scattering broadly in the Northern Hemisphere.
     3. In the habitat conditions, the occasional species are many, the dominant and common species are rare. In all taxa only 6 species obvious dominant species and these species are all present in autumn.
     4. In the four kinds of habitats, 73 taxa are identified in the area of bare beach. 61 taxa are identified in the area of Scirpus mariqueter community. 140 taxa are identified in the area of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis community. 69 taxa are identified in the area of tridal creek.
     5. Among four seasons, spring has the most abundant composition, 138 taxa are identified. In summer, 51 taxa are identified. In autumn, the species are less, 49 taxa are identified in total. In winter, 64 taxa are identified.
引文
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