TiAl基合金表面改性层组织与摩擦磨损性能研究
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摘要
TiAl金属间化合物具有密度低、熔点高以及较高的高温强度等特性,是航空航天飞行器理想的新型高温结构材料。然而该合金耐磨性能的不足,使得其应用受到限制。航空、航天和导弹等领域中有许多摩擦副零件对材料表面的耐摩擦磨损提出了很高的要求。为了尽快满足航空航天以及国防军工等部门对轻比重、高性能的高温结构材料的迫切需求,TiAl金属间化合物摩擦磨损性能的提高已成为急需解决的关键问题。
本文利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术对TiAl合金进行离子渗铌处理之后再经过离子渗碳处理,通过优化试验的工艺参数,得到典型的合金渗层。随后用OM、GDS、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM分析改性层的显微组织、化学成分及其组成相,并测试其显微硬度。摩擦磨损性能的试验,采用了常温以及600℃高温下的干摩擦磨损性能试验两种方法,对其摩擦磨损机制进行了探讨。
试验结果表明:(1)在一定的试验参数下,TiAl基合金表面处理后可以获得理想的改性层组织,改性层与基体之间属于冶金结合,没有性能突变的界面,因此具有较强的结合力。(2)TiAl合金渗铌处理之后,形成含AlNb_2和β-AlNbTi_2等相的合金层;TiAl合金Nb+C复合渗后,形成了具有NbC与Nb_2C两种高硬相的合金层。(3)双辉等离子渗铌之后再进行等离子渗碳处理,可以大大改善等离子渗碳效果。(4)TiAl基合金离子渗铌和Nb+C复合渗可以显著提高抗摩擦磨损性能。但由于高温摩擦与室温摩擦的摩擦机理不同,室温摩擦TiAl基合金Nb+C复合渗的抗摩擦磨损性能与基体和渗铌处理相比效果最好,而高温下渗铌的抗摩擦磨损性能较Nb+C复合渗更优越。
Ti-Al intermetallic compounds have specialties of low density,high melting point,high specific strength and so on,so that regarded as new ideal structural materials for elevated temperature applications in aeronautics and astronautics. However, there are also some disadvantages in the wear resistance of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds that have restricted their actual uses. There are many friction couples in aeronautics,astronautics,missileries and so on, which demand satisfactory performances of resisting to wears and frictions. As the need for high temperature structural materials is so urgent in aeronautics and astronautics especially for defence purposes, improving the wear resistance of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds has become a key problem.
In the paper, the typical alloyed layer was obtained by double glow plasma alloying niobium and following plasma carburization on the TiAl based alloy after optimizing technics parameters. The microstructure,composition and phase structure of the surface modified layers will be analyzed by means of OM、GDS、XRD、SEM、EDS and TEM respectively,and the hardness was also tested.The evaluation of wear behaviors and mechanism were studied through ball-on-disc dry rubbing under room temperature and 600℃.
The experimental results show that:(1) The better modified layers can be acquired under specifically technological parameters, the modified layer had strong combine force because of metallurgically bonding to the TiAl substrate without spalling; (2) After alloying niobium on TiAl based alloy, AlNb_2 ,β-AlNbTi_2 and so on were formed on the alloyed layer; After compound alloying NbC on TiAl based alloy, NbC and Nb_2C both high hardness phases were formed on the alloyed layer, (3)The process of the plasma carburization after the plasma niobizing can greatly accelerate plasma carburization;(4)Both plasma alloying Nb and compound alloying Nb+C on TiAl based alloy can improve greatly wear resistance.Because of the different wear mechanism under room temperature and high temperature,the wear resistance of compound alloying NbC was better than the substate and plasma alloying Nb under room temperature,but the wear resistance of plasma alloying Nb was better than compound alloying NbC under high temperature.
本文利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术对TiAl合金进行离子渗铌处理之后再经过离子渗碳处理,通过优化试验的工艺参数,得到典型的合金渗层。随后用OM、GDS、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM分析改性层的显微组织、化学成分及其组成相,并测试其显微硬度。摩擦磨损性能的试验,采用了常温以及600℃高温下的干摩擦磨损性能试验两种方法,对其摩擦磨损机制进行了探讨。
试验结果表明:(1)在一定的试验参数下,TiAl基合金表面处理后可以获得理想的改性层组织,改性层与基体之间属于冶金结合,没有性能突变的界面,因此具有较强的结合力。(2)TiAl合金渗铌处理之后,形成含AlNb_2和β-AlNbTi_2等相的合金层;TiAl合金Nb+C复合渗后,形成了具有NbC与Nb_2C两种高硬相的合金层。(3)双辉等离子渗铌之后再进行等离子渗碳处理,可以大大改善等离子渗碳效果。(4)TiAl基合金离子渗铌和Nb+C复合渗可以显著提高抗摩擦磨损性能。但由于高温摩擦与室温摩擦的摩擦机理不同,室温摩擦TiAl基合金Nb+C复合渗的抗摩擦磨损性能与基体和渗铌处理相比效果最好,而高温下渗铌的抗摩擦磨损性能较Nb+C复合渗更优越。
Ti-Al intermetallic compounds have specialties of low density,high melting point,high specific strength and so on,so that regarded as new ideal structural materials for elevated temperature applications in aeronautics and astronautics. However, there are also some disadvantages in the wear resistance of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds that have restricted their actual uses. There are many friction couples in aeronautics,astronautics,missileries and so on, which demand satisfactory performances of resisting to wears and frictions. As the need for high temperature structural materials is so urgent in aeronautics and astronautics especially for defence purposes, improving the wear resistance of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds has become a key problem.
In the paper, the typical alloyed layer was obtained by double glow plasma alloying niobium and following plasma carburization on the TiAl based alloy after optimizing technics parameters. The microstructure,composition and phase structure of the surface modified layers will be analyzed by means of OM、GDS、XRD、SEM、EDS and TEM respectively,and the hardness was also tested.The evaluation of wear behaviors and mechanism were studied through ball-on-disc dry rubbing under room temperature and 600℃.
The experimental results show that:(1) The better modified layers can be acquired under specifically technological parameters, the modified layer had strong combine force because of metallurgically bonding to the TiAl substrate without spalling; (2) After alloying niobium on TiAl based alloy, AlNb_2 ,β-AlNbTi_2 and so on were formed on the alloyed layer; After compound alloying NbC on TiAl based alloy, NbC and Nb_2C both high hardness phases were formed on the alloyed layer, (3)The process of the plasma carburization after the plasma niobizing can greatly accelerate plasma carburization;(4)Both plasma alloying Nb and compound alloying Nb+C on TiAl based alloy can improve greatly wear resistance.Because of the different wear mechanism under room temperature and high temperature,the wear resistance of compound alloying NbC was better than the substate and plasma alloying Nb under room temperature,but the wear resistance of plasma alloying Nb was better than compound alloying NbC under high temperature.
引文
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