中国岩石圈三维结构数据库集成及其管理系统开发研究
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摘要
本论文内容是基于ArcGIS 8.1平台下中国岩石圈三维结构数据库总库管理系统(简称3DLGIS)的开发研究,主要包括中国岩石圈三维结构数据库(简称3DL数据库)的建立、3DLGIS开发和通用地图符号库模型的研究等三方面内容。
3DL数据库采用ERSI最新的地理数据模型——Geodatabase提供的空间数据、属性数据和栅格数据管理模式,用计算机辅助软件工程(CASE)工具创建存储和管理统一的3DL地理数据库模型,构建集空间数据、属性数据和栅格数据一体化的3DL数据库。
应用COM技术,依托ESRI公司ArcGIS 8.1平台,通过ArcObjects实现基于三层式C/S体系结构的3DLGIS软件平台。面向岩石圈研究地质专家的3DLGIS软件作为客户端,ArcSDE空间数据引擎为中间层,以SQL Server 2000支持的地理数据库为数据库服务器。
充分利用XML语言强大的自我描述能力、开放性、平台无关性和灵活性特点,建立基于XML的通用地图符号描述模型;提出异构GIS软件平台间地图符号共享解决方案。
With the popularization and development of GIS, the two problems should be solvedurgently. (1) The first one is to effectively organize and manage large volume of data forthe purpose of integrating the large volume and diversiform data and promoting datashare;(2) The second one is to effectively develope the GIS application systems andintegrating the GIS application systems with others application systems and specializedapplication models to improve the efficiency of the GIS application systems. In thisdissertation, the writer will research on the two problems based on the project of “China3-dimensional lithosphere structure database (3DL database)”.
The lithosphere exploration and research is a large-scale fundamental geoscience'sprogram, and a leading problem of current geosciences. It plays a significant role ingeosciences. By using the technology of GIS 、 special database、oriented-objects、COMand XML, the general destination of the program “China three-dimensional lithospherestructure database” is to efficiently manage the lithosphere exploring data that has beenaccumulated in the past decades, and create the synthesized large-scale lithosphereexploratory and research database system of multi-sciences, to make a breakthrough forshowing the structure and evolvement of China 3-dimensional lithosphere and creating aglobal geo-scientific theory.
The main contents of the dissertation include three parts, namely the creation of 3DLdatabase、the development of the 3DLGIS software based on ArcGIS 8.1 platform and theresearch of the universal map-symbol model.
1. The Creation of 3DL Database
China lithosphere exploring data is a kind of large volume and multiple sources data.The 3DL database includes the contents of more than 10 sub-databases. Thesesub-databases are gravity and magnetics, terrestrial heat-flow, magnetotelluric, deepseismic sounding , broadband seismic, geochemistry, geoscience transect, deep tectonicsof basins, deep seismic reflection, paleomagnetism, tectonic numeric modeling ,tectonicsframework, and tectonic numeric modeling. The type of data includes vector data、attribute data、raster data、originally recording data and metadata and the amount of datawill be 308G. Creating such a voluminous and complex database should depend on anadvanced, reliable and mature special database management technology. In thedissertation, study on using Geodatabase data model of ESRI and object-relation databasemanagement system to integrate vector data、attribute data、raster data and originallyrecording data together into the 3DL database.The creation of 3DL database is on the foundation of data collection, regularizationof sub-databases. During the sub-database analysis process, the database reversionengineering technology of visio is applied to obtain the E-R diagrams of sub-databases,analyzing the inherent associations between various entities, and then the schemas ofsub-databases are simplified and unified, and represented by UML class diagrams to formthe reconstructed sub-database model. And finally, all the regularized sub-databasemodels are integrated into the 3DL geodatabase model.Using CASE tool to create storage and management unified 3DL geodatabase model.The attributes of every object class and feature class are designed in Visio Enterprise2000, and the correct relationships between every object class and feature class are builtup, the suitable static structure diagrams are drown, and the complete 3DL geodatabasemodel is formed. And then exporting the 3DL geodatabase model to Microsoft Repository.The ESRI geodatabase schema is created in ArcCatalog with the Schema Wizard.Finally,a suitable interface program is written to import the data from sub-databases to the 3DLdatabase. The 3DL database is based on Geodatabase data model, therefore, it breaks outthe traditional map-layer oriented processing pattern, and realizes the data-oriented andproblem-oriented processing, promotes the abilities for maintenance, querying andprocessing.The metadata standard for 3DL database is established on the foundation of FGDCstandard, referring to the existed criteria of corresponding ministries or departments of
china, and the standards of other countries or organizations. According to the metadatastandard of the 3DL database, designing the component of 3DL metadata editor and 3DLmetadata browser to realize the standardization management of 3DL metadata.Creating data dictionary for the 3DL database will be benefit to users to understandthe meaning of the professional glossaries and improve the efficiency of data using. It canvisually display the various geology types features in a map and export a perfect map bycreating a 3DL symbol database.2. The Development of 3DLGIS SoftwareComGIS accords to the development trend of software technology. The technologyof ComGIS takes great convenience to develop GIS application systems and integratesystems. Designing three-tier C/S architecture of the 3DLGIS software with thetechnology of COM and GIS secondary development based on ESRI ArcGIS 8.1platform. The 3DLGIS software, which is oriented to the geologists who study on thelithosphere, acts as the client;the spatial data engine ArcSDE, as the intermediary;andthe geodatabase supported by SQL Server 2000, as the database server.To maintain and update the 3DLGIS software much better, every function model ofthe 3DLGIS is made into a DLL or an ActiveX control, finally, all of these models areintegrated together to make up of the 3DLGIS software. During the development of the3DLGIS, the functions of the sub-databases management systems are fully analyzed andspecialized application models are extracted from them. Every specialized applicationmodel is also made into a DLL and integrated into the 3DLGIS to guarantee the 3DLGIShas powerful analysis ability of geology.3. The Research of Universal Map-Symbol ModelSo far, no a specific and uniform standard is established to define map-symbolstructure in the GIS field. The mechanism of describing、drawing and managing map-symbol by the map-symbol managers of different GIS platforms is different. Therefore, itshould be pay more attention to research how to share map-symbols span different GISplatforms.
Taking advantage of the self-descriptive、opening、platform-free and flexiblecharacteristics of XML to try to create an universal map-symbol describing model basedon XML. The solution was presented to realize map-symbols sharing span GIS platforms;Designing a map-symbol manager which does not depend on anyone GIS platform;Designing a map-symbol converter which can transform map-symbol information to theuniversal map-symbol model. Research on the arithmetic of point、line and polygonfeature symbolization and designing a map symbolized component to display a map withsymbols which stored in the universal map-symbol model on different GIS platforms.The successful creation of 3DL database will be great worth for the research on thelithosphere. The 3DLGIS is an opening and evolving system with the advancement oftechnique. The component architecture and object-oriented Geodatabase model mayensure maintenance and improvement of the system. The creation of the universalmap-symbol model based on XML that will contribute to define a specific、uniform andstandard map-symbol structure in the GIS field in the future.
3DL数据库采用ERSI最新的地理数据模型——Geodatabase提供的空间数据、属性数据和栅格数据管理模式,用计算机辅助软件工程(CASE)工具创建存储和管理统一的3DL地理数据库模型,构建集空间数据、属性数据和栅格数据一体化的3DL数据库。
应用COM技术,依托ESRI公司ArcGIS 8.1平台,通过ArcObjects实现基于三层式C/S体系结构的3DLGIS软件平台。面向岩石圈研究地质专家的3DLGIS软件作为客户端,ArcSDE空间数据引擎为中间层,以SQL Server 2000支持的地理数据库为数据库服务器。
充分利用XML语言强大的自我描述能力、开放性、平台无关性和灵活性特点,建立基于XML的通用地图符号描述模型;提出异构GIS软件平台间地图符号共享解决方案。
With the popularization and development of GIS, the two problems should be solvedurgently. (1) The first one is to effectively organize and manage large volume of data forthe purpose of integrating the large volume and diversiform data and promoting datashare;(2) The second one is to effectively develope the GIS application systems andintegrating the GIS application systems with others application systems and specializedapplication models to improve the efficiency of the GIS application systems. In thisdissertation, the writer will research on the two problems based on the project of “China3-dimensional lithosphere structure database (3DL database)”.
The lithosphere exploration and research is a large-scale fundamental geoscience'sprogram, and a leading problem of current geosciences. It plays a significant role ingeosciences. By using the technology of GIS 、 special database、oriented-objects、COMand XML, the general destination of the program “China three-dimensional lithospherestructure database” is to efficiently manage the lithosphere exploring data that has beenaccumulated in the past decades, and create the synthesized large-scale lithosphereexploratory and research database system of multi-sciences, to make a breakthrough forshowing the structure and evolvement of China 3-dimensional lithosphere and creating aglobal geo-scientific theory.
The main contents of the dissertation include three parts, namely the creation of 3DLdatabase、the development of the 3DLGIS software based on ArcGIS 8.1 platform and theresearch of the universal map-symbol model.
1. The Creation of 3DL Database
China lithosphere exploring data is a kind of large volume and multiple sources data.The 3DL database includes the contents of more than 10 sub-databases. Thesesub-databases are gravity and magnetics, terrestrial heat-flow, magnetotelluric, deepseismic sounding , broadband seismic, geochemistry, geoscience transect, deep tectonicsof basins, deep seismic reflection, paleomagnetism, tectonic numeric modeling ,tectonicsframework, and tectonic numeric modeling. The type of data includes vector data、attribute data、raster data、originally recording data and metadata and the amount of datawill be 308G. Creating such a voluminous and complex database should depend on anadvanced, reliable and mature special database management technology. In thedissertation, study on using Geodatabase data model of ESRI and object-relation databasemanagement system to integrate vector data、attribute data、raster data and originallyrecording data together into the 3DL database.The creation of 3DL database is on the foundation of data collection, regularizationof sub-databases. During the sub-database analysis process, the database reversionengineering technology of visio is applied to obtain the E-R diagrams of sub-databases,analyzing the inherent associations between various entities, and then the schemas ofsub-databases are simplified and unified, and represented by UML class diagrams to formthe reconstructed sub-database model. And finally, all the regularized sub-databasemodels are integrated into the 3DL geodatabase model.Using CASE tool to create storage and management unified 3DL geodatabase model.The attributes of every object class and feature class are designed in Visio Enterprise2000, and the correct relationships between every object class and feature class are builtup, the suitable static structure diagrams are drown, and the complete 3DL geodatabasemodel is formed. And then exporting the 3DL geodatabase model to Microsoft Repository.The ESRI geodatabase schema is created in ArcCatalog with the Schema Wizard.Finally,a suitable interface program is written to import the data from sub-databases to the 3DLdatabase. The 3DL database is based on Geodatabase data model, therefore, it breaks outthe traditional map-layer oriented processing pattern, and realizes the data-oriented andproblem-oriented processing, promotes the abilities for maintenance, querying andprocessing.The metadata standard for 3DL database is established on the foundation of FGDCstandard, referring to the existed criteria of corresponding ministries or departments of
china, and the standards of other countries or organizations. According to the metadatastandard of the 3DL database, designing the component of 3DL metadata editor and 3DLmetadata browser to realize the standardization management of 3DL metadata.Creating data dictionary for the 3DL database will be benefit to users to understandthe meaning of the professional glossaries and improve the efficiency of data using. It canvisually display the various geology types features in a map and export a perfect map bycreating a 3DL symbol database.2. The Development of 3DLGIS SoftwareComGIS accords to the development trend of software technology. The technologyof ComGIS takes great convenience to develop GIS application systems and integratesystems. Designing three-tier C/S architecture of the 3DLGIS software with thetechnology of COM and GIS secondary development based on ESRI ArcGIS 8.1platform. The 3DLGIS software, which is oriented to the geologists who study on thelithosphere, acts as the client;the spatial data engine ArcSDE, as the intermediary;andthe geodatabase supported by SQL Server 2000, as the database server.To maintain and update the 3DLGIS software much better, every function model ofthe 3DLGIS is made into a DLL or an ActiveX control, finally, all of these models areintegrated together to make up of the 3DLGIS software. During the development of the3DLGIS, the functions of the sub-databases management systems are fully analyzed andspecialized application models are extracted from them. Every specialized applicationmodel is also made into a DLL and integrated into the 3DLGIS to guarantee the 3DLGIShas powerful analysis ability of geology.3. The Research of Universal Map-Symbol ModelSo far, no a specific and uniform standard is established to define map-symbolstructure in the GIS field. The mechanism of describing、drawing and managing map-symbol by the map-symbol managers of different GIS platforms is different. Therefore, itshould be pay more attention to research how to share map-symbols span different GISplatforms.
Taking advantage of the self-descriptive、opening、platform-free and flexiblecharacteristics of XML to try to create an universal map-symbol describing model basedon XML. The solution was presented to realize map-symbols sharing span GIS platforms;Designing a map-symbol manager which does not depend on anyone GIS platform;Designing a map-symbol converter which can transform map-symbol information to theuniversal map-symbol model. Research on the arithmetic of point、line and polygonfeature symbolization and designing a map symbolized component to display a map withsymbols which stored in the universal map-symbol model on different GIS platforms.The successful creation of 3DL database will be great worth for the research on thelithosphere. The 3DLGIS is an opening and evolving system with the advancement oftechnique. The component architecture and object-oriented Geodatabase model mayensure maintenance and improvement of the system. The creation of the universalmap-symbol model based on XML that will contribute to define a specific、uniform andstandard map-symbol structure in the GIS field in the future.
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