运用信息化手段提高制造企业核心竞争力研究
|
摘要
21世纪信息技术突飞猛进,引发了一场新的技术革命。信息技术的发展,不仅打造新兴的电子信息装备制造业,而且已经渗透和辐射到了传统制造业。信息技术使得机械、冶金、化工、纺织等传统制造业发生了深刻的变化,信息化成为当今制造企业发展的一大发展趋势。而作为现代制造企业的竞争,不单纯是规模与价格的竞争,最根本的是企业核心竞争力的竞争,企业竞争的实质是看谁能够赢得持续的领先优势,这就要求企业不断提高核心竞争力作为长期制胜之本。
由于当今社会随着全球经济竞争的加剧,产品更新换代和设计制造周期的缩短以及客户化定制生产方式的形成,迫切要求制造企业采取全新的产品研发、生产及销售模式,以快速响应市场的需求和满足制造伙伴的协作要求。面对信息革命这一严峻挑战,党的十六大报告明确提出了“以信息化带动工业化,以工业化促进信息化”的制造业信息化发展战略,用信息技术来改造和提升传统产业,提高制造企业的核心竞争力。
我国制造企业的信息化大体经过了产品设计信息化、生产制造过程信息化、企业管理信息化和市场营销信息化几个发展阶段,目前已经取得了一些成效,但也存在着不少问题,主要表现为企业信息化战略定位模糊、缺少统一规划,企业战略和企业文化与信息化相冲突,企业组织结构和业务流程不合理,信息化应用领域较窄,信息化人才缺少,信息化资金投入不足等。
运用信息化手段能够起到提高制造企业核心竞争力的重大作用。运用信息化手段提高制造企业核心竞争力,需要制造企业在进行信息化建设过程中首先制定好企业的信息化战略、同时需要注重培育适宜于信息化的企业文化,建立适应于信息化的组织架构,搭建基于信息化的软硬件基础平台以及实施关键环节的信息化改造和进行基于信息化的内外资源整合等。制造企业在实施关键环节的信息化改造过程中需要进行产品信息化、设计过程信息化、生产过程信息化、管理信息化和市场营销信息化等多维度推进,可以起到提高企业产品附加值、缩短产品开发周期、提高生产效率、降低成本、扩大企业品牌影响和提高市场占有率等作用。
In 21 century, information technology developed rapidly, which caused a new technology revolution. The development of information technology not only has built the rising electronic equipment manufacturing, but also has infiltrated and radiated to the traditional manufacturing. Information technology has made the traditional manufacturing’s profound changes happened, such as the area of machine, metallurgy, chemical Industry and textile. So, informatization has become another developing trend of the present manufacturing. Fundamentally speaking, the competitiveness of modern manufacturing enterprises is on the core competitiveness of enterprises, but not only on scale and price. The essence of competitiveness is who can win the continued leading strength, which requires the enterprises to improve the core competitiveness, and this will be the root of success in the long run.
In modern society, the global economy competition becomes more and more intense, the products renewal and design manufacture period is shorter and shorter, and the customer orientation production mode has formed, all these require the manufacturing enterprises to take the new product development, new production mode and new sales mode, so as to respond the market’s demands and to cater to the manufacture parterners’needs. Facing the information revolution, a so serious challenge, the report of the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of china put forward a strategy of manufacturing industry’s informatization development that using informatization to drive industrialization, using industrialization to accelerate informatization, it pointed out that using information technology to reform and promote traditional industry, then enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises.
The development of Chinese manufacturing’s informatization experienced the following stages: the informatization of products design, the informatization of produce process, the informatization of business management and the informatization of marketing. Nowadays, manufacturing’s informatization has produced some effects, but there are also some problems exist in it. For example, enterprises informatization’s strategy orientation are unclear and their unified plans are short, there are conflicts between enterprises’strategies and their culture and informatization, the organization of the enterprises and the profession process are unreasonable, informatization’s applied area is narrow, talent of the informatization is short, the investment of the informatization is not enough and so on.
Using information technology tools can enhance the manufacturing enterprises’core competitiveness. Using information technology tools to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises focus on following aspects during the course of the information construction: making strategies of the enterprises informatization, cultivating the enterprises culture which are suitable to informatization, building structure adapted to informatization, setting up software and hardware platform based on the informatization, implementing the informatization reform in the key links and integrating the inside and outside resources based on informatization. During the course of informatization reform in the key links, manufacturing enterprises must promote many things, such as products informatization, design process informatization, produce process informatization, management informatization and marketing informatization, which will help the enterprises to improve the additional value of the products, to accelerate the products development, to shorten the products development period, to raise the productivity, to cut the cost, to extend enterprises’brand influence and to improve the marketing possession rate.
由于当今社会随着全球经济竞争的加剧,产品更新换代和设计制造周期的缩短以及客户化定制生产方式的形成,迫切要求制造企业采取全新的产品研发、生产及销售模式,以快速响应市场的需求和满足制造伙伴的协作要求。面对信息革命这一严峻挑战,党的十六大报告明确提出了“以信息化带动工业化,以工业化促进信息化”的制造业信息化发展战略,用信息技术来改造和提升传统产业,提高制造企业的核心竞争力。
我国制造企业的信息化大体经过了产品设计信息化、生产制造过程信息化、企业管理信息化和市场营销信息化几个发展阶段,目前已经取得了一些成效,但也存在着不少问题,主要表现为企业信息化战略定位模糊、缺少统一规划,企业战略和企业文化与信息化相冲突,企业组织结构和业务流程不合理,信息化应用领域较窄,信息化人才缺少,信息化资金投入不足等。
运用信息化手段能够起到提高制造企业核心竞争力的重大作用。运用信息化手段提高制造企业核心竞争力,需要制造企业在进行信息化建设过程中首先制定好企业的信息化战略、同时需要注重培育适宜于信息化的企业文化,建立适应于信息化的组织架构,搭建基于信息化的软硬件基础平台以及实施关键环节的信息化改造和进行基于信息化的内外资源整合等。制造企业在实施关键环节的信息化改造过程中需要进行产品信息化、设计过程信息化、生产过程信息化、管理信息化和市场营销信息化等多维度推进,可以起到提高企业产品附加值、缩短产品开发周期、提高生产效率、降低成本、扩大企业品牌影响和提高市场占有率等作用。
In 21 century, information technology developed rapidly, which caused a new technology revolution. The development of information technology not only has built the rising electronic equipment manufacturing, but also has infiltrated and radiated to the traditional manufacturing. Information technology has made the traditional manufacturing’s profound changes happened, such as the area of machine, metallurgy, chemical Industry and textile. So, informatization has become another developing trend of the present manufacturing. Fundamentally speaking, the competitiveness of modern manufacturing enterprises is on the core competitiveness of enterprises, but not only on scale and price. The essence of competitiveness is who can win the continued leading strength, which requires the enterprises to improve the core competitiveness, and this will be the root of success in the long run.
In modern society, the global economy competition becomes more and more intense, the products renewal and design manufacture period is shorter and shorter, and the customer orientation production mode has formed, all these require the manufacturing enterprises to take the new product development, new production mode and new sales mode, so as to respond the market’s demands and to cater to the manufacture parterners’needs. Facing the information revolution, a so serious challenge, the report of the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of china put forward a strategy of manufacturing industry’s informatization development that using informatization to drive industrialization, using industrialization to accelerate informatization, it pointed out that using information technology to reform and promote traditional industry, then enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises.
The development of Chinese manufacturing’s informatization experienced the following stages: the informatization of products design, the informatization of produce process, the informatization of business management and the informatization of marketing. Nowadays, manufacturing’s informatization has produced some effects, but there are also some problems exist in it. For example, enterprises informatization’s strategy orientation are unclear and their unified plans are short, there are conflicts between enterprises’strategies and their culture and informatization, the organization of the enterprises and the profession process are unreasonable, informatization’s applied area is narrow, talent of the informatization is short, the investment of the informatization is not enough and so on.
Using information technology tools can enhance the manufacturing enterprises’core competitiveness. Using information technology tools to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises focus on following aspects during the course of the information construction: making strategies of the enterprises informatization, cultivating the enterprises culture which are suitable to informatization, building structure adapted to informatization, setting up software and hardware platform based on the informatization, implementing the informatization reform in the key links and integrating the inside and outside resources based on informatization. During the course of informatization reform in the key links, manufacturing enterprises must promote many things, such as products informatization, design process informatization, produce process informatization, management informatization and marketing informatization, which will help the enterprises to improve the additional value of the products, to accelerate the products development, to shorten the products development period, to raise the productivity, to cut the cost, to extend enterprises’brand influence and to improve the marketing possession rate.
引文
[1] Aaker D A, Keller K L.,“Consumer evaluation and brand extension”,Journal of Marketing,1990,54:27-41.
[2] Aaker D A.,“Brand Extensions:The Good,the Bad,and the Ugly”,Sloan Management Review,1980,31(2):47-56.
[3] Aaker D A.,“Building Strong Brands”,New York:The Free Press,1996.
[4] Aaker, D.A.,“Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name”, New York: The Free Press,1991.
[5] Adams,J.S.“Inequity insocial exchange ,in Berkowit, L.(ed)’:Advances in Experimental Psychology”, Acad.Press,New York,NY, 1965,267-299.
[6] Albert M.Muniz,Jr.;Thomas C.O'Guinn,“Brand Community“,The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.27,No. 4. Mar.2001,412-432.
[7] Alchain,Armen and Harold Demsetz. ,“Production, information costs and economic organization”,The American Economic Review,1972,Vol 62: 777—795.
[8] Allan D.Shocke, Rajendrak .Srivasta,“Challenges and opportunities facing brand management: An introduction to the special issue”,Journal of Marketing Research,Vol.31,No.2,1994.5, 149-158.
[9] Allen.N.J. and Meyer,J.P.“Affective continuance and normaltive commitment to the organization:An examination of construct vality”,Journal of Locational Behavior, Vol.49. 1996,252-276.
[10] Ambler, Tim, C. B. Bhattacharya, Julie Edell, Kevin Lane Keller,Katherine N. Lemon, and Vikas Mittal,“Relatin Brand and Customer Perspectives on Marketing Management”,Journal of Service Research, 5 August, 2002. 13-25.
[11] Anderson E W, Sullivan M W.,”the Antecedents & Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms”, Marketing Science, 12(2):1993, 125-143.
[12] Archer A, Tardos E.,“Truthful mechanism for one-parameter agents”, In:Proc.of the 42nd IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science, October 2001.482-491
[13] Assael, H.,”Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action”, New York: New York University Press,1992.
[14] Assael,H.,“Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action”, Boston: Kent Publishing Company, 1987.
[15] Rogers, Everett M. 2000. Informatization, globalization, and privatization in the new millennium. The Asian Journal of Communication Volume 10 Number 2. pp 71-92.
[16] Kluver, Randy. Globalization, Informatization and Intercultural Communication.
[17]张维迎.竞争力与企业成长[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:16-22.
[18]程春.企业的核心竞争力及其打造[J].管理方略,2008,9:108.
[19]葛金田,刘卫国.对企业核心竞争力理论的再认识[J].山东社会科学,2008,12:54.
[20]李元授.新闻信息概论[M].武汉大学出版社,1994,18.
[21]陈定学.究竟什么是信息[J].中州学刊,2006,6:6.
[22]蔡长年.三十年来的信息论[J].通信学报,1980,1:2.
[23]谢阳群.信息化的兴起与内涵[J].图书情报工作,1996,2:36-40.
[24]胡迟.企业信息化建设中的策略选择[J].中国科技投资,2009,2:2.
[25]黄培.对中国制造业信息化的战略思考[J].中国机电工业, 2002(22):2426.
[26]雷波,王江.论制造业的信息化工程[J].现代商贸工业,2008,9:345.
[27]李俊德.浅议我国机械制造业管理信息化[J].科技风, 2008,9:34.
[28]李素英.浅谈企业核心竞争力的培养[J].中国市场, 2007(35).
[29]李玉.剖析制造业信息化中的八个核心关系[J].信息化,2008:2-6.
[30]林毅夫.信息化与我国的经济增长及社会转型,[J].博客中国,2005.
[31]莫春晖.论构建企业核心竞争力的途径[J].现代商业,2008:64.
[32]赵苹.企业信息战略管理[M].北京清华大学出版社,2006.
[33]盛革.面向制造业企业的协同电子商务模式研究[J].改革与战略, 2008,8.
[34]宋立民.加快制造业信息化发展进程[J].问题探讨, 2008:48.
[35]田贞训,袁向华.试论企业核心竞争力的培养[J].商场现代化, 2007(12):77~78.
[36]童婷婷.信息化——企业核心竞争力的加速器[J].管理探索,2008(9):34.
[37]李翔.企业信息化系列-定义篇[J].中国营销传播网,2001.
[38]钟载国.对提高企业核心竞争力的思考[J].商场现代化,2008:130.
[39]赵守香.企业信息化[J].制造企业信息化,2008.
[40]赵光忠编著.核心竞争力与资源整合策划[M].中国经济出版社,2003.
[41]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店,1996.
[42]程春.企业的核心竞争力及其打造[J].管理方略,2008,9:108.
[43]李俊德.浅议我国机械制造业管理信息化[J].科技风, 2008,9:34.
[44]杨海成.中国制造业信息化的机遇与挑战[J].中国制造业信息化, 2009(1):39.
[45]杨皆芹.核心竞争力是企业的生命源泉[M].红旗出版社, 2007.
[46]国务院办公厅. 2006-2020年国家信息化发展战略. 2006.
[47]曾翔,张文涛,喻良涛.提高我国企业国际竞争力的途径研究[J].科技创业,2007(4):15-17.
[48]深圳中小企业生产力促进中心. 2009年中小企业信息化年终回顾.
[49]丁兴良.价格到品牌.直面价格战争[M].经济管理出版社,2008:133.
[50]林尚扬.焊接行业现状与自主创新战略.焊接资讯网, 2006.
[51]赵国浩.企业核心竞争力理论与实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[52]张黄付.我国商业银行的信贷业务流程再造研究,[D].2005(1):6.
[53]周伟.企业信息系统规划步骤及方法探讨[D].2000.
[54]周华.浅析企业核心竞争力,太原城市职业技术学院学报[J]. 2008(8):39.
[55]周冰.金达仁谈我国制造业转移及其信息化[N].特别报道,2008.
[56]钟载国.对提高企业核心竞争力的思考[J].商场现代化, 2008:130.
[57]芬恩.瓦伦丁.跨国兼并对丹麦企业成长的影响[M].李东红,译.北京:东北财经大学出版社,1998:221-223.
[2] Aaker D A.,“Brand Extensions:The Good,the Bad,and the Ugly”,Sloan Management Review,1980,31(2):47-56.
[3] Aaker D A.,“Building Strong Brands”,New York:The Free Press,1996.
[4] Aaker, D.A.,“Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name”, New York: The Free Press,1991.
[5] Adams,J.S.“Inequity insocial exchange ,in Berkowit, L.(ed)’:Advances in Experimental Psychology”, Acad.Press,New York,NY, 1965,267-299.
[6] Albert M.Muniz,Jr.;Thomas C.O'Guinn,“Brand Community“,The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.27,No. 4. Mar.2001,412-432.
[7] Alchain,Armen and Harold Demsetz. ,“Production, information costs and economic organization”,The American Economic Review,1972,Vol 62: 777—795.
[8] Allan D.Shocke, Rajendrak .Srivasta,“Challenges and opportunities facing brand management: An introduction to the special issue”,Journal of Marketing Research,Vol.31,No.2,1994.5, 149-158.
[9] Allen.N.J. and Meyer,J.P.“Affective continuance and normaltive commitment to the organization:An examination of construct vality”,Journal of Locational Behavior, Vol.49. 1996,252-276.
[10] Ambler, Tim, C. B. Bhattacharya, Julie Edell, Kevin Lane Keller,Katherine N. Lemon, and Vikas Mittal,“Relatin Brand and Customer Perspectives on Marketing Management”,Journal of Service Research, 5 August, 2002. 13-25.
[11] Anderson E W, Sullivan M W.,”the Antecedents & Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms”, Marketing Science, 12(2):1993, 125-143.
[12] Archer A, Tardos E.,“Truthful mechanism for one-parameter agents”, In:Proc.of the 42nd IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science, October 2001.482-491
[13] Assael, H.,”Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action”, New York: New York University Press,1992.
[14] Assael,H.,“Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action”, Boston: Kent Publishing Company, 1987.
[15] Rogers, Everett M. 2000. Informatization, globalization, and privatization in the new millennium. The Asian Journal of Communication Volume 10 Number 2. pp 71-92.
[16] Kluver, Randy. Globalization, Informatization and Intercultural Communication.
[17]张维迎.竞争力与企业成长[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:16-22.
[18]程春.企业的核心竞争力及其打造[J].管理方略,2008,9:108.
[19]葛金田,刘卫国.对企业核心竞争力理论的再认识[J].山东社会科学,2008,12:54.
[20]李元授.新闻信息概论[M].武汉大学出版社,1994,18.
[21]陈定学.究竟什么是信息[J].中州学刊,2006,6:6.
[22]蔡长年.三十年来的信息论[J].通信学报,1980,1:2.
[23]谢阳群.信息化的兴起与内涵[J].图书情报工作,1996,2:36-40.
[24]胡迟.企业信息化建设中的策略选择[J].中国科技投资,2009,2:2.
[25]黄培.对中国制造业信息化的战略思考[J].中国机电工业, 2002(22):2426.
[26]雷波,王江.论制造业的信息化工程[J].现代商贸工业,2008,9:345.
[27]李俊德.浅议我国机械制造业管理信息化[J].科技风, 2008,9:34.
[28]李素英.浅谈企业核心竞争力的培养[J].中国市场, 2007(35).
[29]李玉.剖析制造业信息化中的八个核心关系[J].信息化,2008:2-6.
[30]林毅夫.信息化与我国的经济增长及社会转型,[J].博客中国,2005.
[31]莫春晖.论构建企业核心竞争力的途径[J].现代商业,2008:64.
[32]赵苹.企业信息战略管理[M].北京清华大学出版社,2006.
[33]盛革.面向制造业企业的协同电子商务模式研究[J].改革与战略, 2008,8.
[34]宋立民.加快制造业信息化发展进程[J].问题探讨, 2008:48.
[35]田贞训,袁向华.试论企业核心竞争力的培养[J].商场现代化, 2007(12):77~78.
[36]童婷婷.信息化——企业核心竞争力的加速器[J].管理探索,2008(9):34.
[37]李翔.企业信息化系列-定义篇[J].中国营销传播网,2001.
[38]钟载国.对提高企业核心竞争力的思考[J].商场现代化,2008:130.
[39]赵守香.企业信息化[J].制造企业信息化,2008.
[40]赵光忠编著.核心竞争力与资源整合策划[M].中国经济出版社,2003.
[41]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店,1996.
[42]程春.企业的核心竞争力及其打造[J].管理方略,2008,9:108.
[43]李俊德.浅议我国机械制造业管理信息化[J].科技风, 2008,9:34.
[44]杨海成.中国制造业信息化的机遇与挑战[J].中国制造业信息化, 2009(1):39.
[45]杨皆芹.核心竞争力是企业的生命源泉[M].红旗出版社, 2007.
[46]国务院办公厅. 2006-2020年国家信息化发展战略. 2006.
[47]曾翔,张文涛,喻良涛.提高我国企业国际竞争力的途径研究[J].科技创业,2007(4):15-17.
[48]深圳中小企业生产力促进中心. 2009年中小企业信息化年终回顾.
[49]丁兴良.价格到品牌.直面价格战争[M].经济管理出版社,2008:133.
[50]林尚扬.焊接行业现状与自主创新战略.焊接资讯网, 2006.
[51]赵国浩.企业核心竞争力理论与实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[52]张黄付.我国商业银行的信贷业务流程再造研究,[D].2005(1):6.
[53]周伟.企业信息系统规划步骤及方法探讨[D].2000.
[54]周华.浅析企业核心竞争力,太原城市职业技术学院学报[J]. 2008(8):39.
[55]周冰.金达仁谈我国制造业转移及其信息化[N].特别报道,2008.
[56]钟载国.对提高企业核心竞争力的思考[J].商场现代化, 2008:130.
[57]芬恩.瓦伦丁.跨国兼并对丹麦企业成长的影响[M].李东红,译.北京:东北财经大学出版社,1998:221-223.