四季秋海棠无土栽培技术的研究
|
摘要
四季秋海棠(egonia semperflorens Link et Otto)是一种优良的花坛和盆花植物,在世界花卉产业中具有重要的地位。由于目前花坛和盆花广泛应用的栽培基质是土壤,浇灌的是水,按普通的施肥方式施肥,直接影响了花卉的品质,尤其是夏季高温时四季秋海棠长势不好,不利于工厂化生产四季秋海棠盆花。随着无土栽培技术在蔬菜生产上的成熟应用,把无土栽培的技术应用于花卉生产也成为众多学者研究的热点。本文对四季秋海棠的无土栽培技术体系进行了研究,为四季秋海棠的工厂化生产提供了重要的理论基础。
本试验由两部分组成:第一部分采用4种营养液配方,以铁十字秋海棠配方为对照,进行四季秋海棠水培试验,营养液循环使用,筛选最适宜四季秋海棠营养生长和生殖生长的营养液配方。4种营养液配方为:①铁十字秋海棠配方(T1);②银星秋海棠配方(T2);③Hoagland和Snyde(1938)通用配方(T4);④日本园试通用配方(T7);第二部分采用4种不同基质,以土壤为对照,在塑料花盆中栽培四季秋海棠,根据水培试验中筛选营养液配方的结果,用最适营养液进行浇灌,筛选最适宜四季秋海棠的栽培基质。4种基质为:①土壤(M1);②草炭:珍珠岩=2:1(M2);③陶粒(M3);④蛭石:缓释肥=25:1(M4)。
经过系统研究,水培试验结果如下:
①以T1为对照,比较研究了四季秋海棠的叶片数、分枝数、花序数、小花数、雄花数、雌花数、株高、冠幅、雄花径、雄花葶长和生长量,说明Hoagland和Snyde(1938)(T4)通用配方对四季秋海棠的叶片数、分枝数、株高、冠幅、生长量、花序数、小花数、雄花数和雌花数的增加效果显著,但对雄花径和雄花葶长的作用不显著;日本园试通用配方(T7)对四季秋海棠的花序数、小花数、雄花数、雌花数、雄花径、株高和冠幅的增加效果显著,而对叶片数、分枝数和雄花葶长度的作用不显著。银星秋海棠配方(T2)对四季秋海棠的生长作用与T1的差异不显著。
②研究了四季秋海棠在不同营养液中的地上部和地下部的鲜重和干重,以及根系长度和最大叶面积,说明T4和T7营养液都有利于四季秋海棠的地上和地下部的生物量的增加和根系生长、叶面积增大,其中T4的作用优于T7。
③从不同营养液对四季秋海棠P、K、Mg含量的影响看,T4有利于植物对K和Mg的吸收,而T7只是促进植物对K的吸收。根据不同配方营养液的pH变化趋势,发现在营养液的酸碱度的稳定性上,T7是一种比较好的营养液。
基质培试验结果如下:
①通过不同栽培基质对四季秋海棠盆花观赏特性和营养特性的影响,在四季秋海棠的营养生长期和生殖生长期进行观测,数据说明,与土壤(M1)相比较,3种无土基质都有利于小花数的增多,但草炭:珍珠岩=2:1(M2)的基质是最有利于四季秋海棠株高的增加、冠幅的增大和小花数的增多,蛭石:缓释肥=25:1(M4)次之。
②研究了四季秋海棠在不同基质中的地上部和地下部的鲜重和干重,以及根系长度,说明M2基质最有利于四季秋海棠的地上和地下部的生物量的增加,M4次之。通过对四季秋海棠营养生长期称量盆花重量,M2、M3(陶粒)、M4基质都比对照M1轻,且差异显著,说明无土栽培可使基质向轻基质发展,其中M2最轻,是比较好的轻基质。
③从不同基质对四季秋海棠C、H、N、S含量的影响看,除了元素H、N外,M2在C、S元素含量方面与对照组土壤(M1)的差异都十分明显。在不同基质的理化性质方面,M2基质在多项指标上都比较适宜于四季秋海棠的栽培。
根据试验结果可以得出如下结论:在进行四季秋海棠无土栽培时,营养生长时期可选用T4营养液配方,生殖生长时期可选用T7营养液配方。通过对四季秋海棠的观赏特性和营养特性分析,在进行四季秋海棠无土基质培时,M2是一种比较优良的基质。
Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto is an excellent plant for the garden and potted flower, which plays an important role in the flower industry. At present, the standard planting substrate of the parterre and potted flower is soil, and the normal tending is watering and fertilization, which can affect direcT1y the quality of the flower, especially the impaird growth in the high temperature during the summer. Therefore, the standard system may not be suitable for the production of Begonia semperflorens in large scale. In the meantime, the technology of soilless culture is getting mature and has been successfully applied to the industrialized production of vegetables. Great attention has been drawn for the application of this technique in the flower industry. However, the reports on the technique of soilless culture in Begonia semperflorens are few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soilless culture technique in the Begonia semperflorens which can provide significant information on the implementation and basic pathway for the industrialized production of Begonia semperflorens.
In order to select the optimum nutrient solution and planting substrate, four types of formulations (including Begonia massoniana formulation (T1), Formulation of Begonia×argenteo-guttata (T2), Formulations of Hoagland and Snyde (T4), and Japanese YuanShi formulation (T7)) and substrates (including Ml (soil), M2 (peat: pearlite = 2:1), M3 (ceramsite), and M4 (vermiculite:slow-release organic fertilizer = 25:1)) were used in this study. The growth indices (including plant height, crown diameter, biomass, the number of leaf and branch etc.) and flower trait indices (including flower diameter and number) were investigated for determination of the best nutrient solution formulation and substrate for Begonia semperflorens. The results from the study are as following.
a) For T4, significant differences were found in leaf number, branch number, plant height, crown diameter, growth amount, inflorescence number, floret number, staminate flower number, female flower number between T4 and T1, excepting no significant differences in staminate flower diameter and staminate flower peduncle length. For T7, there were obvious differences in inflorescence number, floret number, staminate flower number, female flower number, staminate flower diameter, plant height, crown diameter between T7 and T1, with no clear difference in leaf number, branch number and staminate flower peduncle length. However, there were no obvious differences in growth between T2 and T1. It suggested that T4 are better for the nutritional growth and T7 are better for the reproductive growth of Begonia semperflorens than T1 and T2.
b) We also compared the wet and dry weight of Begonia semperflorens for the portions above and under earth, length of root, and most leaf area in various nutrient solution, It was found that T4 and T7 increased the above- and below-ground of Begonia semperflorens, root length, and the leaf area, and T4 was more effective than T7.
c) Moreover, T4 could promote Begonia semperflorens to absorp more K and Mg, while T7 could promote the absorption of K and keep pH stable .
d) Judging from the appreciating characters, nutrient feature, and the observation of growth stage of vegetation and reproduction, three soilless substrates were all in favor of the increase of floret number. M2 was the best one for the increase of height, crown diameter, and floret number. It followed by M4.
e) The measurement of wet and dry above- and below-ground weight of Begonia semperflorens and root length showed that M2 was the best to increase the above-and below-ground biomass, and the second was M4. The weights of the potted flower in vegetation period were significanT1y decreased with substrate M2, M3 and M4 than with M1. The substrate M2 was the lightest and a better medium.
f) Begonia semperflorens growing in M2 showed higher contents of C and S than in M1, although the similar contents of H and N. Moreover, the substrate M2 was very suitable for planting of Begonia semperflorens in many aspects on the basis of the characteristics of physics and chemistry.
In conclusion, the study show that the formulation of nutrient solution T4 (Hoagland and Snyde 1938) could be used to promote nutritional growth, while the Japanese YuanShi formulation T7 to promote reproductive growth for Begonia semperflorens in soilless culture. From the analysis of different culture substrate on appreciating characters and nutrient feature of Begonia semperflorens, the medium M2 is the best material for soilless culture .
本试验由两部分组成:第一部分采用4种营养液配方,以铁十字秋海棠配方为对照,进行四季秋海棠水培试验,营养液循环使用,筛选最适宜四季秋海棠营养生长和生殖生长的营养液配方。4种营养液配方为:①铁十字秋海棠配方(T1);②银星秋海棠配方(T2);③Hoagland和Snyde(1938)通用配方(T4);④日本园试通用配方(T7);第二部分采用4种不同基质,以土壤为对照,在塑料花盆中栽培四季秋海棠,根据水培试验中筛选营养液配方的结果,用最适营养液进行浇灌,筛选最适宜四季秋海棠的栽培基质。4种基质为:①土壤(M1);②草炭:珍珠岩=2:1(M2);③陶粒(M3);④蛭石:缓释肥=25:1(M4)。
经过系统研究,水培试验结果如下:
①以T1为对照,比较研究了四季秋海棠的叶片数、分枝数、花序数、小花数、雄花数、雌花数、株高、冠幅、雄花径、雄花葶长和生长量,说明Hoagland和Snyde(1938)(T4)通用配方对四季秋海棠的叶片数、分枝数、株高、冠幅、生长量、花序数、小花数、雄花数和雌花数的增加效果显著,但对雄花径和雄花葶长的作用不显著;日本园试通用配方(T7)对四季秋海棠的花序数、小花数、雄花数、雌花数、雄花径、株高和冠幅的增加效果显著,而对叶片数、分枝数和雄花葶长度的作用不显著。银星秋海棠配方(T2)对四季秋海棠的生长作用与T1的差异不显著。
②研究了四季秋海棠在不同营养液中的地上部和地下部的鲜重和干重,以及根系长度和最大叶面积,说明T4和T7营养液都有利于四季秋海棠的地上和地下部的生物量的增加和根系生长、叶面积增大,其中T4的作用优于T7。
③从不同营养液对四季秋海棠P、K、Mg含量的影响看,T4有利于植物对K和Mg的吸收,而T7只是促进植物对K的吸收。根据不同配方营养液的pH变化趋势,发现在营养液的酸碱度的稳定性上,T7是一种比较好的营养液。
基质培试验结果如下:
①通过不同栽培基质对四季秋海棠盆花观赏特性和营养特性的影响,在四季秋海棠的营养生长期和生殖生长期进行观测,数据说明,与土壤(M1)相比较,3种无土基质都有利于小花数的增多,但草炭:珍珠岩=2:1(M2)的基质是最有利于四季秋海棠株高的增加、冠幅的增大和小花数的增多,蛭石:缓释肥=25:1(M4)次之。
②研究了四季秋海棠在不同基质中的地上部和地下部的鲜重和干重,以及根系长度,说明M2基质最有利于四季秋海棠的地上和地下部的生物量的增加,M4次之。通过对四季秋海棠营养生长期称量盆花重量,M2、M3(陶粒)、M4基质都比对照M1轻,且差异显著,说明无土栽培可使基质向轻基质发展,其中M2最轻,是比较好的轻基质。
③从不同基质对四季秋海棠C、H、N、S含量的影响看,除了元素H、N外,M2在C、S元素含量方面与对照组土壤(M1)的差异都十分明显。在不同基质的理化性质方面,M2基质在多项指标上都比较适宜于四季秋海棠的栽培。
根据试验结果可以得出如下结论:在进行四季秋海棠无土栽培时,营养生长时期可选用T4营养液配方,生殖生长时期可选用T7营养液配方。通过对四季秋海棠的观赏特性和营养特性分析,在进行四季秋海棠无土基质培时,M2是一种比较优良的基质。
Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto is an excellent plant for the garden and potted flower, which plays an important role in the flower industry. At present, the standard planting substrate of the parterre and potted flower is soil, and the normal tending is watering and fertilization, which can affect direcT1y the quality of the flower, especially the impaird growth in the high temperature during the summer. Therefore, the standard system may not be suitable for the production of Begonia semperflorens in large scale. In the meantime, the technology of soilless culture is getting mature and has been successfully applied to the industrialized production of vegetables. Great attention has been drawn for the application of this technique in the flower industry. However, the reports on the technique of soilless culture in Begonia semperflorens are few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soilless culture technique in the Begonia semperflorens which can provide significant information on the implementation and basic pathway for the industrialized production of Begonia semperflorens.
In order to select the optimum nutrient solution and planting substrate, four types of formulations (including Begonia massoniana formulation (T1), Formulation of Begonia×argenteo-guttata (T2), Formulations of Hoagland and Snyde (T4), and Japanese YuanShi formulation (T7)) and substrates (including Ml (soil), M2 (peat: pearlite = 2:1), M3 (ceramsite), and M4 (vermiculite:slow-release organic fertilizer = 25:1)) were used in this study. The growth indices (including plant height, crown diameter, biomass, the number of leaf and branch etc.) and flower trait indices (including flower diameter and number) were investigated for determination of the best nutrient solution formulation and substrate for Begonia semperflorens. The results from the study are as following.
a) For T4, significant differences were found in leaf number, branch number, plant height, crown diameter, growth amount, inflorescence number, floret number, staminate flower number, female flower number between T4 and T1, excepting no significant differences in staminate flower diameter and staminate flower peduncle length. For T7, there were obvious differences in inflorescence number, floret number, staminate flower number, female flower number, staminate flower diameter, plant height, crown diameter between T7 and T1, with no clear difference in leaf number, branch number and staminate flower peduncle length. However, there were no obvious differences in growth between T2 and T1. It suggested that T4 are better for the nutritional growth and T7 are better for the reproductive growth of Begonia semperflorens than T1 and T2.
b) We also compared the wet and dry weight of Begonia semperflorens for the portions above and under earth, length of root, and most leaf area in various nutrient solution, It was found that T4 and T7 increased the above- and below-ground of Begonia semperflorens, root length, and the leaf area, and T4 was more effective than T7.
c) Moreover, T4 could promote Begonia semperflorens to absorp more K and Mg, while T7 could promote the absorption of K and keep pH stable .
d) Judging from the appreciating characters, nutrient feature, and the observation of growth stage of vegetation and reproduction, three soilless substrates were all in favor of the increase of floret number. M2 was the best one for the increase of height, crown diameter, and floret number. It followed by M4.
e) The measurement of wet and dry above- and below-ground weight of Begonia semperflorens and root length showed that M2 was the best to increase the above-and below-ground biomass, and the second was M4. The weights of the potted flower in vegetation period were significanT1y decreased with substrate M2, M3 and M4 than with M1. The substrate M2 was the lightest and a better medium.
f) Begonia semperflorens growing in M2 showed higher contents of C and S than in M1, although the similar contents of H and N. Moreover, the substrate M2 was very suitable for planting of Begonia semperflorens in many aspects on the basis of the characteristics of physics and chemistry.
In conclusion, the study show that the formulation of nutrient solution T4 (Hoagland and Snyde 1938) could be used to promote nutritional growth, while the Japanese YuanShi formulation T7 to promote reproductive growth for Begonia semperflorens in soilless culture. From the analysis of different culture substrate on appreciating characters and nutrient feature of Begonia semperflorens, the medium M2 is the best material for soilless culture .
引文
1.刘士哲.现代实用无土栽培技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
2.卜崇兴.储液储气式无土栽培系统的技术创新与开发.上海交通大学博士后研究工作报告,2004,(11):5-12
3.李福恒.无土栽培技术研究的历史、现状与进展.农业系统科学与综合研究,1999,15(4):313-314
4.王化.中国蔬菜无土栽培发展历史的初步探讨.上海蔬菜,1997,(1):11-12,42
5.邢禹贤.世界无土栽培及其发展趋势.农业新技术新方法,1997,(3):17-22
6.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军,等.中国大陆无土栽培发展概况.农业工程学报,2001,17(1):10-15
7.张广楠.无土栽培技术研究的现状与发展前景.甘肃农业科技,2004,(2):6-8
8.郭世荣.无土栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2003
9.邢禹贤.新编无土栽培原理与技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2003
10.徐永艳.我国无土栽培发展的动态研究.云南林业科技,2002,100(3):90-94
11.查丁石.不同基质和营养液对茄子的育苗效果.上海农业学报,1998,14(1):63-66
12.周艺敏,程奕,孟昭芳,等.不同营养液及基质对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.华北农学报,2002,17(1):82-87
13.杨旭,邹志荣,贺忠群,等.蔬菜无土栽培营养液中的氮素及其调控.西北植物学报,2003,23(9):1644-1649
14.徐志豪,张德威,P.Adam.改善水培作物根际氧气供给的原理和实践.浙江农业学报,1994,6(1):44-48
15.王凤英.4种观叶花卉水培营养液的效果比较.甘肃科学学报,2000,12(3):67-70
16.宋丽华,曹兵,秦娟.几种观叶植物的水培繁殖试验.北方园艺,2003,(3):48-52
17.高杨,方正,陈段芬,等.水培条件下不同品种新几内亚凤仙根系活力及酶活性的比较.河北农业大学学报,2003,5:134-136
18.林东教,罗健,刘士哲,等.仙人球水培种植初探.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(2):13-16
19.郭秀珠,王月英,黄品湖,等.君子兰水培方法试验.农业科技通讯,2005,(8):51
20.邢书慧,罗健,陈泳慧,等.通气对几种水培观赏植物生长的影响.农业工程学报, 2005,(S2):36-40
21.原红娟.白鹤芋等三种观叶植物水培试验研究.运城学院学报,2006,24(2):42-43
22.王月英,郭秀珠,陈义增,等.生长调节物质及营养液对5种水培花卉的影响.浙江林学院学报,2006,23(2):232-235
23.田吉林.番茄无土基质栽培的营养特征.上海农业学报,2001,17(3):76-79
24.肖海华,张毅功,方正,等.不同保水剂对基质保水性和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响.河北农业大学学报,2002,25(3):45-48,53
25.田吉林,奚振邦,陈春宏.设施蔬菜无土栽培复合基质的理化性质及其应用效果.上海农业学报,2003,19(3):73-75
26.王久兴,郝永平,闫立英,等.不同基质及供养方式对生菜立体无土栽培生长的影响.河北农业科学,2004,8(4):52-55
27.董亮,张志国.不同用量白云质石灰石对泥炭pH的调节试验.北方园艺,2005,(2):62-63
28.赵九洲,陈沽敏,王义庆,等.六种无土栽培代用基质理化特性的比较.莱阳农学院学报,2001,18(3):161-164
29.陈丽平,赵方贵,邹志荣,等.有机生态型无土栽培辣椒的研究初报.莱阳农学院学报,2003,20(2):122-124
30.朱雨薇,卜崇兴,朱月林.蛭石添加无土栽培有机缓释肥进行黄瓜育苗的试验研究.上海农业学报,2006,22(1):72-74
31.李贵民,赵红霞,孟凡珍,等.安祖花无土栽培研究进展.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2):322-324
32.冯嘉玥,邹志荣,文颖强,等.不同基质中IBA与NAA对矮牵牛扦插生根的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(8):34-42
33.庄应强,沈玉英.不同栽培基质对切花非洲菊生长和开花的影响.中国农学通报,2004,20(3):173-186
34.赵九洲,陈沽敏,王奎玲,等.代用基质对仙客来幼苗素质的影响.莱阳农学院学报,1999,16(1):13-15
35.王国良,汪有良,宗良纲,等.定植密度和盆栽基质对微型月季生长发育的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):37-50
36.王鸿昌,梁杰,黄子锋,等.东方百合无土栽培基质配方研究初报.广东农业科学.2005,(2):44-45
37.王宝钦.非洲菊无土栽培苗期基质的选择.江西林业科技,2005,25(4):11-12
38.薛秋华.小苍兰无土栽培营养条件的初步研究.福建农业大学学报,1998,27(1):62-68
39.谢嘉霖,刘荣华,叶启芳,等.无土栽培基质电导率和pH值测定条件的研究.安徽农业科学,2006,34(3):415-416
40.张源盛,余昌明,韦丽娜,等.无土栽培基质对菊花生长发育及产量的影响.浙江农业学报,1998,10(3):158-160
41.佟小刚,蒋卫杰,尹明安,等.无土栽培基质中的微生物及其对作物生长发育的影响.园艺学报,2005,32(3):544-550
42.王宝钦.文心兰无土栽培基质的选择.福建林业科技,2004,31(4):64-66
43.雷泽湘,雷中英,费永俊,等.食用仙人掌有机生态型栽培基质配方筛选.安徽农业科学,2006,34(1):32-44
44.李泉森,张明,金仕勇.石斛无土栽培基质的初步研究.中国中药杂志,2000,25(1):23-24
45.张启翔,康红梅,唐菁,等.切花月季无土栽培技术的研究.北京林业大学学报,2003,25(3):22-27
46.刘晓红,戴思兰.菊花无土栽培基质试验分析初探.河北科技师范学院学报,2004,18(1):23-26
47.黄冬华,宋小民,陶秀花,等.金边瑞香无土栽培研究初报.江西农业学报,2001,13(1):40-43
48.荆延德,张志国.花卉栽培基质研究进展.浙江林业科技,2001,21(6):68-71
49.孙映波,马曼庄,段昆生,等.广东主要盆花无土栽培技术研究.广东农业科学,1997,(5):28-30
50.李文杰,方正,陈段芬,等.丽格海棠无土栽培基质的优化筛选.河北农业大学学报,2004,27(3):56-67
51.俞晓艳,张光弟,庞亚平.宁夏常见花卉品种无土栽培技术的研究.北方园艺,2002,(6):36-37
52.柯存祥.不同处理对四季秋海棠扦插生根的影响研究.中国农学通报,2006,22(4):331-334
53.时双,李立柱.四季海棠的栽培管理.吉林蔬菜.2003,(5):28-29
54.王嘉祥.四季秋海棠栽培技术.花草苗木.2005,(11):36
55.周鑫,孙凤杰,李亚军.四季海棠的组织培养.中国林副特产,2002,61(2):39
56.郭激.四季海棠栽培技术.甘肃农业科技.2006,(6):62-63
57.薛勇.四季秋海棠的种苗生产.绿化与生活.2002,106(6):15
58.田兴旺,李莉.日光温室培育四季秋海棠实生苗技术.甘肃农业科技.2001,(3):28
59.颜宁,杨小凤.四季秋海棠的离体培养及植株再生.邵阳学院学报(自然科学版).2004,1(1):107-109
60.秦贺兰.四季海棠穴盘育苗.中国花卉园艺,2002,(10):22-23
61.秦贺兰,姚士才.四季海棠盆花生产.中国花卉园艺,2005,(22):25-27
62.北京林业大学园林系花卉教研组.花卉学.北京:中国林业出版社,2002
63.骆建霞,孙建设.园艺植物科学研究导论.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
64.陈段芬,方正,肖建忠,等.中国花卉无土栽培研究进展.河北农业大学学报,2002,25(9):135-137
65.袁梅,林萍,何银生,等.中国水培花卉研究现状及发展趋势.西南园艺,2006,34(3):35-37
66.陈殿奎,刘伟.从荷兰温室园艺的发展反思我国工厂化生产。中国蔬菜,2004,(6):42-43
67.余树勋.中国名花丛书:秋海棠.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000
68.王意成,刘树珍.百花盆栽图说丛书:秋海棠,北京:中国林业出版社,2004
69.中国科学院植物研究所主编.中国高等植物图鉴(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1972
70.韦三立.花卉无土栽培.北京:中国林业出版社,2001
71.中华人民共和国国家质量技术监督局,GB/T 18247.2-2000.中华人民共和国国家标准-主要花卉产品等级(第2部分):盆花.北京:中国标准出版社,2001
72.朱雨薇,卜崇兴,朱月林.蛭石添加无土栽培有机缓释肥进行黄瓜育苗的试验研究.上海农业学报,2006,22(1):72-74
73.李小强,卜崇兴,郭世荣,等.现代化温室小果型番茄品种引进筛选试验.上海农业学报,2006,22(1):69-71
74.周静波,卜崇兴,姚永康,等.四季秋海棠无土栽培营养液配方的筛选.安徽农业大学学报,2007(已接受)
75.杨其长,张成波.植物工厂概论.北京,中国农业科学技术出版社,2005
76.余莉,任爽英,董丽.地被植物评价标准研究.南京:中国观赏园艺研究进展2005(论文集)
77.王月英,郭秀珠,黄品湖,等.不同类型花卉植物体营养分析及其在营养液配制中的应用.浙江林学院学报,2004,21(4):413-417
78.陈段芬.无土盆栽新几内亚凤仙养分调控及影响机理的初步研究.河北农业大学硕士学位毕业论文,2003
79.连兆煌.无土栽培技术与原理.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
80.鲁涤非.花卉学.北京:中国农业出版社,1999
81.施宗明.云南名花鉴赏.昆明:云南科技出版社,1999
82.杨先芬.工厂化花卉生产.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
83.张福墁.设施园艺学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001
84.李艳,李莲梅,张莹,等.红掌在北方地区的无土栽培新技术,陕西林业科技,2004,(2):91-92
85.吴竹华.非洲菊无土周年高效栽培技术研究.南京林业大学学报,1999,(4):36-37
86.赵玉兰,罗海龙,叶广炎.室内花卉种植的新方法-无土栽培研究.嘉应大学学报(自然科学版),1994,(2):74-82
87.蒋卫杰,郑光华,汪浩,等.有机生态型无土栽培技术及其营养生理基础.园艺学报,1996,23(2):139-144
88.秦松,孙锐锋,熊元.花卉栽培基质配方筛选研究.贵州农业科学,2001,29(4):38-39
89.郁书君,李贞植,俞奉植.杜鹃无土栽培基质配方的研究??????
90.王久兴,王子华,尚玉锋.插管式栽培柱立体无土栽培系统的研制与应用.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(4):489-493
91.张丽华,陈吉虎.长草垫无土栽培初步研究.华北工学院学报,2004,25(3):209-211
92.徐燕,赵春燕,孙军德.臭氧对无土栽培营养液的消毒作用研究.微生物学杂志,2004,24(6):60-61
93.唐宇力,章银柯,包志毅.园林植物容器栽培的矿质营养供应问题.南京:中国观赏园艺研究进展2005(论文集)
94.佟小刚,蒋卫杰,尹明安,等.无土栽培基质中的微生物及其对作物的影响.园艺学报,2005,32(3):544-550
95.陈双臣,贺超兴,邹志荣,等.温室有机土栽培番茄营养吸收特性研究.植物营养与肥料学报.2005,11(3):369-374
96.黄科,吴秋云.无土栽培的现状与展望.建农业科技,2001,(2):108-110
97.黄亦明,姚乃华,黄小东.静止营养液栽培法.上海农业学报,1994,10(1):78-82
98.杨世民,朱果利,刘熔山.生菜无土栽培营养液配方的优选.四川农业大学学报,1996,14(4):501-504,540
99.尹华.室内花卉水培技术.热带农业科学,2002,22(3):36-40
100.郭鸿英,储蓉.水培花卉.西南园艺,2003,22(3):39-40
101.赵和文,柳振亮,刘建斌,等.无土栽培营养液PH值对黄连木幼苗生长及营养元素吸收的影响.北京农学院学报,2004,19(4):48-50
102.赵九州,陈洁敏,陈松笔,等.无土基质与营养液值对切花菊生长发育的影响.园艺学报,1999,26(5):327-330
103.傅松玲,傅玉兰,高正辉.非洲菊有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选.园艺学报,2001,28(6):538-543
104.周学青,连本中,张洪良,等.满天星无土栽培试验初报.上海农业学报,1994,12(2):107-112
105.习金根,孙光明,陆超忠.植物磷营养效率差异的遗传及生理生化特性研究进展.华南热带农业大学学报,2005,11(3):41-46
106.崔国贤,李宗道.植物钾营养基因型的差异及其机理研究进展.作物研究,1997,(1):43-48
107.Rodriguez J.C,Cantliffe D.J,Shaw N.L.Soilless media and containers for greenhouse production of 'Galia'type muskmelon.Hortscience.2006,41(5):1200-1205
108.Fascella G,Zizzo GV.Effect of growing media on yield and quality of soilless cultivated rose.Proceedings of The International Symposium on Soilless Culture and Hydroponics.2005,(697):133-138
109.Lopez J,Vasquez F,Ramos E Effect of substrate culture on growth,yield and fruit quality of the greenhouse tomato.Proceedings of The International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climate:Production,Pest Management and Global Competition,2004,VOLS 1 AND 2(659):417-424
110.Meier S.Soilless culture management.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer Verlag,1995
111.Paradiso R,Raimondi G,De Pascale S.Growth and yield of rose in a closed soilless system on two inert substrates.Proceedings of The Sixth International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climate:Product and Process Innovation,2003,VOLS 1 AND 2(614):193-198
112.A.Pardossi,G.Bagnoli,F.Malorgio.NaCl effects on celery(Apium graveolens L.)grown in NFT.Scientia Horticulturae.1999,(81)229-242
113.J.Myster,O.Junttila,B.Lindgard.Temperature alternations and the influence of gibberellins and indoleaceticacid on elongation growth and flowering of Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch.Plant Growth Regulation.1997,21:135-144
114.L.Dufour,V.Guerin.Nutrient solution effects on the developmentand yield of Anthurium andreanum Lind.in tropical soilless conditions.Scientia Horticulturae.2005,(105):269-282
115.Dietmar Schwarz,Rita Grosch.Influence of nutrient solution concentration anda root pathogen(Pythium aphanidermatum)on tomato root growth and morphology.Scientia Horticulturae.2003,(97):109-120
116.Javier Lopez,Nicolas Tremblay,Wim Voogt.Effects of varying sulphate concentrations on growth,physiology and yield of the greenhouse Tomato.Scientia Horticulturae.1996,(67):207-217
2.卜崇兴.储液储气式无土栽培系统的技术创新与开发.上海交通大学博士后研究工作报告,2004,(11):5-12
3.李福恒.无土栽培技术研究的历史、现状与进展.农业系统科学与综合研究,1999,15(4):313-314
4.王化.中国蔬菜无土栽培发展历史的初步探讨.上海蔬菜,1997,(1):11-12,42
5.邢禹贤.世界无土栽培及其发展趋势.农业新技术新方法,1997,(3):17-22
6.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军,等.中国大陆无土栽培发展概况.农业工程学报,2001,17(1):10-15
7.张广楠.无土栽培技术研究的现状与发展前景.甘肃农业科技,2004,(2):6-8
8.郭世荣.无土栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2003
9.邢禹贤.新编无土栽培原理与技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2003
10.徐永艳.我国无土栽培发展的动态研究.云南林业科技,2002,100(3):90-94
11.查丁石.不同基质和营养液对茄子的育苗效果.上海农业学报,1998,14(1):63-66
12.周艺敏,程奕,孟昭芳,等.不同营养液及基质对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.华北农学报,2002,17(1):82-87
13.杨旭,邹志荣,贺忠群,等.蔬菜无土栽培营养液中的氮素及其调控.西北植物学报,2003,23(9):1644-1649
14.徐志豪,张德威,P.Adam.改善水培作物根际氧气供给的原理和实践.浙江农业学报,1994,6(1):44-48
15.王凤英.4种观叶花卉水培营养液的效果比较.甘肃科学学报,2000,12(3):67-70
16.宋丽华,曹兵,秦娟.几种观叶植物的水培繁殖试验.北方园艺,2003,(3):48-52
17.高杨,方正,陈段芬,等.水培条件下不同品种新几内亚凤仙根系活力及酶活性的比较.河北农业大学学报,2003,5:134-136
18.林东教,罗健,刘士哲,等.仙人球水培种植初探.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(2):13-16
19.郭秀珠,王月英,黄品湖,等.君子兰水培方法试验.农业科技通讯,2005,(8):51
20.邢书慧,罗健,陈泳慧,等.通气对几种水培观赏植物生长的影响.农业工程学报, 2005,(S2):36-40
21.原红娟.白鹤芋等三种观叶植物水培试验研究.运城学院学报,2006,24(2):42-43
22.王月英,郭秀珠,陈义增,等.生长调节物质及营养液对5种水培花卉的影响.浙江林学院学报,2006,23(2):232-235
23.田吉林.番茄无土基质栽培的营养特征.上海农业学报,2001,17(3):76-79
24.肖海华,张毅功,方正,等.不同保水剂对基质保水性和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响.河北农业大学学报,2002,25(3):45-48,53
25.田吉林,奚振邦,陈春宏.设施蔬菜无土栽培复合基质的理化性质及其应用效果.上海农业学报,2003,19(3):73-75
26.王久兴,郝永平,闫立英,等.不同基质及供养方式对生菜立体无土栽培生长的影响.河北农业科学,2004,8(4):52-55
27.董亮,张志国.不同用量白云质石灰石对泥炭pH的调节试验.北方园艺,2005,(2):62-63
28.赵九洲,陈沽敏,王义庆,等.六种无土栽培代用基质理化特性的比较.莱阳农学院学报,2001,18(3):161-164
29.陈丽平,赵方贵,邹志荣,等.有机生态型无土栽培辣椒的研究初报.莱阳农学院学报,2003,20(2):122-124
30.朱雨薇,卜崇兴,朱月林.蛭石添加无土栽培有机缓释肥进行黄瓜育苗的试验研究.上海农业学报,2006,22(1):72-74
31.李贵民,赵红霞,孟凡珍,等.安祖花无土栽培研究进展.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2):322-324
32.冯嘉玥,邹志荣,文颖强,等.不同基质中IBA与NAA对矮牵牛扦插生根的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(8):34-42
33.庄应强,沈玉英.不同栽培基质对切花非洲菊生长和开花的影响.中国农学通报,2004,20(3):173-186
34.赵九洲,陈沽敏,王奎玲,等.代用基质对仙客来幼苗素质的影响.莱阳农学院学报,1999,16(1):13-15
35.王国良,汪有良,宗良纲,等.定植密度和盆栽基质对微型月季生长发育的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):37-50
36.王鸿昌,梁杰,黄子锋,等.东方百合无土栽培基质配方研究初报.广东农业科学.2005,(2):44-45
37.王宝钦.非洲菊无土栽培苗期基质的选择.江西林业科技,2005,25(4):11-12
38.薛秋华.小苍兰无土栽培营养条件的初步研究.福建农业大学学报,1998,27(1):62-68
39.谢嘉霖,刘荣华,叶启芳,等.无土栽培基质电导率和pH值测定条件的研究.安徽农业科学,2006,34(3):415-416
40.张源盛,余昌明,韦丽娜,等.无土栽培基质对菊花生长发育及产量的影响.浙江农业学报,1998,10(3):158-160
41.佟小刚,蒋卫杰,尹明安,等.无土栽培基质中的微生物及其对作物生长发育的影响.园艺学报,2005,32(3):544-550
42.王宝钦.文心兰无土栽培基质的选择.福建林业科技,2004,31(4):64-66
43.雷泽湘,雷中英,费永俊,等.食用仙人掌有机生态型栽培基质配方筛选.安徽农业科学,2006,34(1):32-44
44.李泉森,张明,金仕勇.石斛无土栽培基质的初步研究.中国中药杂志,2000,25(1):23-24
45.张启翔,康红梅,唐菁,等.切花月季无土栽培技术的研究.北京林业大学学报,2003,25(3):22-27
46.刘晓红,戴思兰.菊花无土栽培基质试验分析初探.河北科技师范学院学报,2004,18(1):23-26
47.黄冬华,宋小民,陶秀花,等.金边瑞香无土栽培研究初报.江西农业学报,2001,13(1):40-43
48.荆延德,张志国.花卉栽培基质研究进展.浙江林业科技,2001,21(6):68-71
49.孙映波,马曼庄,段昆生,等.广东主要盆花无土栽培技术研究.广东农业科学,1997,(5):28-30
50.李文杰,方正,陈段芬,等.丽格海棠无土栽培基质的优化筛选.河北农业大学学报,2004,27(3):56-67
51.俞晓艳,张光弟,庞亚平.宁夏常见花卉品种无土栽培技术的研究.北方园艺,2002,(6):36-37
52.柯存祥.不同处理对四季秋海棠扦插生根的影响研究.中国农学通报,2006,22(4):331-334
53.时双,李立柱.四季海棠的栽培管理.吉林蔬菜.2003,(5):28-29
54.王嘉祥.四季秋海棠栽培技术.花草苗木.2005,(11):36
55.周鑫,孙凤杰,李亚军.四季海棠的组织培养.中国林副特产,2002,61(2):39
56.郭激.四季海棠栽培技术.甘肃农业科技.2006,(6):62-63
57.薛勇.四季秋海棠的种苗生产.绿化与生活.2002,106(6):15
58.田兴旺,李莉.日光温室培育四季秋海棠实生苗技术.甘肃农业科技.2001,(3):28
59.颜宁,杨小凤.四季秋海棠的离体培养及植株再生.邵阳学院学报(自然科学版).2004,1(1):107-109
60.秦贺兰.四季海棠穴盘育苗.中国花卉园艺,2002,(10):22-23
61.秦贺兰,姚士才.四季海棠盆花生产.中国花卉园艺,2005,(22):25-27
62.北京林业大学园林系花卉教研组.花卉学.北京:中国林业出版社,2002
63.骆建霞,孙建设.园艺植物科学研究导论.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
64.陈段芬,方正,肖建忠,等.中国花卉无土栽培研究进展.河北农业大学学报,2002,25(9):135-137
65.袁梅,林萍,何银生,等.中国水培花卉研究现状及发展趋势.西南园艺,2006,34(3):35-37
66.陈殿奎,刘伟.从荷兰温室园艺的发展反思我国工厂化生产。中国蔬菜,2004,(6):42-43
67.余树勋.中国名花丛书:秋海棠.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000
68.王意成,刘树珍.百花盆栽图说丛书:秋海棠,北京:中国林业出版社,2004
69.中国科学院植物研究所主编.中国高等植物图鉴(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1972
70.韦三立.花卉无土栽培.北京:中国林业出版社,2001
71.中华人民共和国国家质量技术监督局,GB/T 18247.2-2000.中华人民共和国国家标准-主要花卉产品等级(第2部分):盆花.北京:中国标准出版社,2001
72.朱雨薇,卜崇兴,朱月林.蛭石添加无土栽培有机缓释肥进行黄瓜育苗的试验研究.上海农业学报,2006,22(1):72-74
73.李小强,卜崇兴,郭世荣,等.现代化温室小果型番茄品种引进筛选试验.上海农业学报,2006,22(1):69-71
74.周静波,卜崇兴,姚永康,等.四季秋海棠无土栽培营养液配方的筛选.安徽农业大学学报,2007(已接受)
75.杨其长,张成波.植物工厂概论.北京,中国农业科学技术出版社,2005
76.余莉,任爽英,董丽.地被植物评价标准研究.南京:中国观赏园艺研究进展2005(论文集)
77.王月英,郭秀珠,黄品湖,等.不同类型花卉植物体营养分析及其在营养液配制中的应用.浙江林学院学报,2004,21(4):413-417
78.陈段芬.无土盆栽新几内亚凤仙养分调控及影响机理的初步研究.河北农业大学硕士学位毕业论文,2003
79.连兆煌.无土栽培技术与原理.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
80.鲁涤非.花卉学.北京:中国农业出版社,1999
81.施宗明.云南名花鉴赏.昆明:云南科技出版社,1999
82.杨先芬.工厂化花卉生产.北京:中国农业出版社,2002
83.张福墁.设施园艺学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001
84.李艳,李莲梅,张莹,等.红掌在北方地区的无土栽培新技术,陕西林业科技,2004,(2):91-92
85.吴竹华.非洲菊无土周年高效栽培技术研究.南京林业大学学报,1999,(4):36-37
86.赵玉兰,罗海龙,叶广炎.室内花卉种植的新方法-无土栽培研究.嘉应大学学报(自然科学版),1994,(2):74-82
87.蒋卫杰,郑光华,汪浩,等.有机生态型无土栽培技术及其营养生理基础.园艺学报,1996,23(2):139-144
88.秦松,孙锐锋,熊元.花卉栽培基质配方筛选研究.贵州农业科学,2001,29(4):38-39
89.郁书君,李贞植,俞奉植.杜鹃无土栽培基质配方的研究??????
90.王久兴,王子华,尚玉锋.插管式栽培柱立体无土栽培系统的研制与应用.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(4):489-493
91.张丽华,陈吉虎.长草垫无土栽培初步研究.华北工学院学报,2004,25(3):209-211
92.徐燕,赵春燕,孙军德.臭氧对无土栽培营养液的消毒作用研究.微生物学杂志,2004,24(6):60-61
93.唐宇力,章银柯,包志毅.园林植物容器栽培的矿质营养供应问题.南京:中国观赏园艺研究进展2005(论文集)
94.佟小刚,蒋卫杰,尹明安,等.无土栽培基质中的微生物及其对作物的影响.园艺学报,2005,32(3):544-550
95.陈双臣,贺超兴,邹志荣,等.温室有机土栽培番茄营养吸收特性研究.植物营养与肥料学报.2005,11(3):369-374
96.黄科,吴秋云.无土栽培的现状与展望.建农业科技,2001,(2):108-110
97.黄亦明,姚乃华,黄小东.静止营养液栽培法.上海农业学报,1994,10(1):78-82
98.杨世民,朱果利,刘熔山.生菜无土栽培营养液配方的优选.四川农业大学学报,1996,14(4):501-504,540
99.尹华.室内花卉水培技术.热带农业科学,2002,22(3):36-40
100.郭鸿英,储蓉.水培花卉.西南园艺,2003,22(3):39-40
101.赵和文,柳振亮,刘建斌,等.无土栽培营养液PH值对黄连木幼苗生长及营养元素吸收的影响.北京农学院学报,2004,19(4):48-50
102.赵九州,陈洁敏,陈松笔,等.无土基质与营养液值对切花菊生长发育的影响.园艺学报,1999,26(5):327-330
103.傅松玲,傅玉兰,高正辉.非洲菊有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选.园艺学报,2001,28(6):538-543
104.周学青,连本中,张洪良,等.满天星无土栽培试验初报.上海农业学报,1994,12(2):107-112
105.习金根,孙光明,陆超忠.植物磷营养效率差异的遗传及生理生化特性研究进展.华南热带农业大学学报,2005,11(3):41-46
106.崔国贤,李宗道.植物钾营养基因型的差异及其机理研究进展.作物研究,1997,(1):43-48
107.Rodriguez J.C,Cantliffe D.J,Shaw N.L.Soilless media and containers for greenhouse production of 'Galia'type muskmelon.Hortscience.2006,41(5):1200-1205
108.Fascella G,Zizzo GV.Effect of growing media on yield and quality of soilless cultivated rose.Proceedings of The International Symposium on Soilless Culture and Hydroponics.2005,(697):133-138
109.Lopez J,Vasquez F,Ramos E Effect of substrate culture on growth,yield and fruit quality of the greenhouse tomato.Proceedings of The International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climate:Production,Pest Management and Global Competition,2004,VOLS 1 AND 2(659):417-424
110.Meier S.Soilless culture management.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer Verlag,1995
111.Paradiso R,Raimondi G,De Pascale S.Growth and yield of rose in a closed soilless system on two inert substrates.Proceedings of The Sixth International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climate:Product and Process Innovation,2003,VOLS 1 AND 2(614):193-198
112.A.Pardossi,G.Bagnoli,F.Malorgio.NaCl effects on celery(Apium graveolens L.)grown in NFT.Scientia Horticulturae.1999,(81)229-242
113.J.Myster,O.Junttila,B.Lindgard.Temperature alternations and the influence of gibberellins and indoleaceticacid on elongation growth and flowering of Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch.Plant Growth Regulation.1997,21:135-144
114.L.Dufour,V.Guerin.Nutrient solution effects on the developmentand yield of Anthurium andreanum Lind.in tropical soilless conditions.Scientia Horticulturae.2005,(105):269-282
115.Dietmar Schwarz,Rita Grosch.Influence of nutrient solution concentration anda root pathogen(Pythium aphanidermatum)on tomato root growth and morphology.Scientia Horticulturae.2003,(97):109-120
116.Javier Lopez,Nicolas Tremblay,Wim Voogt.Effects of varying sulphate concentrations on growth,physiology and yield of the greenhouse Tomato.Scientia Horticulturae.1996,(67):207-217