不同水分和钾用量对烤烟钾素吸收、分布和循环的影响
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摘要
2002～2003年，以K326为供试品种，以河南省襄城县的褐土为盆栽用土，在河南农业大学科教园区进行了不同水分和钾用量对烤烟钾素吸收、分布和循环影响的试验。试验结果总结如下：
1不同水分和钾用量对烟株钾素吸收的影响
在各生育期，较高的土壤水分（FC>≥80%）和钾用量（N/K≥1/3）能够提高根系活力和根系ATP酶活性，降低根系质膜透性和K+外渗率，增加烟株总吸钾量、地下部钾积累量、地上部钾积累量及烤后烟叶含钾量，降低地下部K积累量/地上部K积累量。
随土壤水分和钾用量的增加，根际土壤中的速效钾和缓效钾含量升高，而非根际土壤中的速效钾含量呈降低的趋势，对非根际缓效钾含量的影响强度稍低；较高的土壤水分和钾用量提高各生育期土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量，土壤水分对速效钾的增加效果表现为旺长期>现蕾期>成熟期，增施钾肥时，土壤水分对速效钾的增加效果表现为成熟期>现蕾期>旺长期。
2不同水分和钾用量对烟株体内钾素分布的影响
较高的土壤水分（FC≥80%）和钾用量(N/K≥1/3)能够增加各生育期烟株的干重，促进地上部钾素的积累和分配，提高中、上部茎和下部茎的钾浓度梯度，明显增加各部位烟叶的含钾量。
对于叶片各组织含钾量而言，在旺长期，上部叶和中部叶均表现为栅栏组织>海绵组织>下表皮>上表皮；在现蕾期，上部叶表现为栅栏组织>海绵组织>上、下表皮，中部叶多表现为海绵组织>栅栏组织>下表皮>上表皮；在成熟期，上部叶和中部叶均表现为栅栏组织>海绵组织，下表皮>上表皮。土壤水分和钾用量能提高叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织的含钾量。
对于叶脉各组织含钾量而言，在旺长期，上部叶表现为远轴薄壁组织>近轴薄壁组织>韧皮部>木质部，中部叶整体上为韧皮部>木质部>远轴薄壁组织>近轴薄壁组织；在现蕾期，上部叶整体上表现为韧皮部>木质部>远轴薄壁组织>近轴薄壁组织，韧皮部中的含钾量最高；中部叶表现为近、远轴薄壁组织>韧皮部>木质部的模式；在成熟期，上部叶整体上表现为近轴薄壁组织>木质部>远轴薄壁组织>韧皮部，中部叶表现为远轴薄壁组织>韧皮部>近轴薄壁组织>木质部。土壤水分和钾用量能够提高叶脉各组织的含钾量，降低组织间的浓度梯度。
对茎部各组织而言，在旺长期，皮层、韧皮部和髄的含钾量在中部茎含量最高,而木质部的含钾量则随茎部位的升高而增加；在现蕾期，最明显的特征是下部茎各组织含钾量显著降低，而中、上部茎保持不变或呈轻微的降低趋势；在成熟期，中部茎各组织含钾量最大，各组织的含钾量多表现为中部>上部>下部；较高的土壤水分（FC≥80%）和钾用量(N/K≥1/3)能够提高中、上部茎各组织的含钾量，减少水分较小处理下部茎各组织含钾量。
整体上看，各个生育期烟叶钾分布模式均表现为叶脉>叶片；叶脉上表现为基部>中部>顶部；叶片上表现为叶基部>叶中部>叶顶部，近叶脉部分>叶缘。
在旺长期，各处理上部叶的钾素分布模式基本不变；较少的土壤水分（FC≤80％）能够增加中部叶叶脉中的相对含钾量，降低叶片边缘的相对含钾量，使钾素的分布侧重于叶脉及近邻部位，叶片边缘分布较少；土壤水分能够显著改变旺长期下部叶叶脉的含钾量，较少的土壤水分（FC≤80％）能增大叶片钾分布的不均匀性。增施钾肥能够提高叶脉中的含钾量，减小不同水分处理在叶片钾分布上的差异。
在现蕾期，土壤水分明显影响上部叶的钾分布模式，随着土壤水分的减少，叶脉中的含钾量较稳定，叶缘却显著降低；土壤水分能使中部叶中的钾素更多地分配到叶片中去，增施钾肥能使各处理叶片的最大钾浓度梯度趋于一致；随土壤水分的减少，下部叶中的钾素更多的分布在叶脉中，致使叶片边缘的含钾量相对较少，增施钾肥不改变现蕾期下部叶的钾分布。
在成熟期，土壤水分和钾用量对上部叶钾分布的影响与前期较为相似；较高的土壤水分（FC≥80％）和钾用量（N/K≥1/3）使中部叶上的钾素相对更均匀,明显降低下部叶上的钾浓度梯度，使叶缘保持相对较高的含钾量，这在一定程度上减少了钾素的外移。
3不同水分和钾用量对烟株钾素循环的影响
烟株所吸收的钾素中，除了用于地上部生长外，大部分又通过韧皮部重新回流到根部，在地上部/根间形成钾的循环流动。在打顶后15天内，木质部和韧皮部中钾的循环流动量远远超过这一时期内烟株的钾吸收总量，增加土壤含水量能提高烟株体内钾素的循环量。
土壤水分较低（FC≤80％）时，烟株根和地上部获得分配的钾量较土壤水分较多处理明显减少，烟株中钾分配到根的比例明显高于土壤水分较多的处理；钾用量较多时，各部位的钾分配量均有增加，但变化趋势与钾用量较少的处理一致。
Experiments in pot were carried out to study the effect of different soil moisture and potassium amount on the absorption、distribution and circulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco with K326 and soil from Henan Xiangcheng town at Henan Agricultural university experiment field from 2002 to 2003. The results are as follow:
1 Effect of different soil moisture and potassium amount on the absorption of potassium in flue-cured tobacco
During three growth periods, higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could increase root activities and ATPase activities, decrease plasma membrane permeability and K+ leakage, add the whole absorption amount of potassium in tobacco、accumulation amount of potassium in root and shoot of tobacco and potassium content , decrease ratio of accumulation amount of potassium in root and accumulation amount of potassium in shoot.
With the rising of soil moisture and potassium amount, the contents of quick-acting and slow acting potassium of rhizosphere were added, however, the content of quick-acting potassium of non-rhizosphere was on decreasing trend, the influence strength for slow acting potassium of non-rhizosphere was smaller; higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could add the contents of quick-acting and slow acting potassium in every growth period, the intense of influence of soil moisture for quick-acting potassium was fast growing stage>topping>ripe stage, adding potassium amount, the intense was ripe stage>topping>fast growing stage.
2 Effect of different soil moisture and potassium amount on the distribution of potassium in flue-cured tobacco
Higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could increase weight of dry matter in every growth period, promoted the accumulation and distribution of potassium for shoot, added the gradient of potassium content between middle-upper stalk and lower stalk, increase potassium content of different tobacco leaves.
For potassium contents of lamina tissue, in fast growing stage, both upper and middle leaves were palisade tissue >spongy tissue>upper and lower epidermis; in topping, upper leaves was spongy tissue>palisade tissue>lower epidermis>upper epidermis; in ripe stage, both upper and middle leaves were palisade tissue >spongy tissue, lower epidermis>upper epidermis. Soil moisture and potassium amount could improve potassium content of palisade tissue and spongy tissue.
For potassium contents of vein tissue, in fast growing stage, upper leaves was
far-stalk parenchyma cells>near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>phloem>xylem, middle leaves was phloem>xylem> far-stalk parenchyma cells>near-stalk sclerenchyma cells; in topping, upper leaves in a whole was phloem>xylem> far-stalk parenchyma cells>near-stalk sclerenchyma cells, the potassium content of phloem was highest; middle leaves was near-stalk sclerenchyma cells、near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>phloem>xylem; in ripe stage, upper leaves in a whole was near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>xylem> far-stalk parenchyma cells>phloem, middle leaves was far-stalk parenchyma cells> phloem> near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>xylem. Soil moisture and potassium amount could increase potassium content of vein tissue, decreased gradient of potassium content among vein tissue.
For stalk tissue, in fast growing stage, the potassium content of cortex、phloem and pith were highest in middle stalk, however , the potassium content of xylem was on rising with the height of stalk; in topping, the most obvious character was that the potassium content of lower stalk decreased significantly; however, the potassium contents of middle and upper stalk were a little down; in ripe stage, potassium content of middle stalk tissue was highest, potassium content of every tissue was middle stalk>upper stalk>lower stalk; higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could increase potassium of middle and upper stalk tissue, decrease potassium content of lower stalk tissue of the lowest soil moisture content treatment.
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1不同水分和钾用量对烟株钾素吸收的影响
在各生育期，较高的土壤水分（FC>≥80%）和钾用量（N/K≥1/3）能够提高根系活力和根系ATP酶活性，降低根系质膜透性和K+外渗率，增加烟株总吸钾量、地下部钾积累量、地上部钾积累量及烤后烟叶含钾量，降低地下部K积累量/地上部K积累量。
随土壤水分和钾用量的增加，根际土壤中的速效钾和缓效钾含量升高，而非根际土壤中的速效钾含量呈降低的趋势，对非根际缓效钾含量的影响强度稍低；较高的土壤水分和钾用量提高各生育期土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量，土壤水分对速效钾的增加效果表现为旺长期>现蕾期>成熟期，增施钾肥时，土壤水分对速效钾的增加效果表现为成熟期>现蕾期>旺长期。
2不同水分和钾用量对烟株体内钾素分布的影响
较高的土壤水分（FC≥80%）和钾用量(N/K≥1/3)能够增加各生育期烟株的干重，促进地上部钾素的积累和分配，提高中、上部茎和下部茎的钾浓度梯度，明显增加各部位烟叶的含钾量。
对于叶片各组织含钾量而言，在旺长期，上部叶和中部叶均表现为栅栏组织>海绵组织>下表皮>上表皮；在现蕾期，上部叶表现为栅栏组织>海绵组织>上、下表皮，中部叶多表现为海绵组织>栅栏组织>下表皮>上表皮；在成熟期，上部叶和中部叶均表现为栅栏组织>海绵组织，下表皮>上表皮。土壤水分和钾用量能提高叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织的含钾量。
对于叶脉各组织含钾量而言，在旺长期，上部叶表现为远轴薄壁组织>近轴薄壁组织>韧皮部>木质部，中部叶整体上为韧皮部>木质部>远轴薄壁组织>近轴薄壁组织；在现蕾期，上部叶整体上表现为韧皮部>木质部>远轴薄壁组织>近轴薄壁组织，韧皮部中的含钾量最高；中部叶表现为近、远轴薄壁组织>韧皮部>木质部的模式；在成熟期，上部叶整体上表现为近轴薄壁组织>木质部>远轴薄壁组织>韧皮部，中部叶表现为远轴薄壁组织>韧皮部>近轴薄壁组织>木质部。土壤水分和钾用量能够提高叶脉各组织的含钾量，降低组织间的浓度梯度。
对茎部各组织而言，在旺长期，皮层、韧皮部和髄的含钾量在中部茎含量最高,而木质部的含钾量则随茎部位的升高而增加；在现蕾期，最明显的特征是下部茎各组织含钾量显著降低，而中、上部茎保持不变或呈轻微的降低趋势；在成熟期，中部茎各组织含钾量最大，各组织的含钾量多表现为中部>上部>下部；较高的土壤水分（FC≥80%）和钾用量(N/K≥1/3)能够提高中、上部茎各组织的含钾量，减少水分较小处理下部茎各组织含钾量。
整体上看，各个生育期烟叶钾分布模式均表现为叶脉>叶片；叶脉上表现为基部>中部>顶部；叶片上表现为叶基部>叶中部>叶顶部，近叶脉部分>叶缘。
在旺长期，各处理上部叶的钾素分布模式基本不变；较少的土壤水分（FC≤80％）能够增加中部叶叶脉中的相对含钾量，降低叶片边缘的相对含钾量，使钾素的分布侧重于叶脉及近邻部位，叶片边缘分布较少；土壤水分能够显著改变旺长期下部叶叶脉的含钾量，较少的土壤水分（FC≤80％）能增大叶片钾分布的不均匀性。增施钾肥能够提高叶脉中的含钾量，减小不同水分处理在叶片钾分布上的差异。
在现蕾期，土壤水分明显影响上部叶的钾分布模式，随着土壤水分的减少，叶脉中的含钾量较稳定，叶缘却显著降低；土壤水分能使中部叶中的钾素更多地分配到叶片中去，增施钾肥能使各处理叶片的最大钾浓度梯度趋于一致；随土壤水分的减少，下部叶中的钾素更多的分布在叶脉中，致使叶片边缘的含钾量相对较少，增施钾肥不改变现蕾期下部叶的钾分布。
在成熟期，土壤水分和钾用量对上部叶钾分布的影响与前期较为相似；较高的土壤水分（FC≥80％）和钾用量（N/K≥1/3）使中部叶上的钾素相对更均匀,明显降低下部叶上的钾浓度梯度，使叶缘保持相对较高的含钾量，这在一定程度上减少了钾素的外移。
3不同水分和钾用量对烟株钾素循环的影响
烟株所吸收的钾素中，除了用于地上部生长外，大部分又通过韧皮部重新回流到根部，在地上部/根间形成钾的循环流动。在打顶后15天内，木质部和韧皮部中钾的循环流动量远远超过这一时期内烟株的钾吸收总量，增加土壤含水量能提高烟株体内钾素的循环量。
土壤水分较低（FC≤80％）时，烟株根和地上部获得分配的钾量较土壤水分较多处理明显减少，烟株中钾分配到根的比例明显高于土壤水分较多的处理；钾用量较多时，各部位的钾分配量均有增加，但变化趋势与钾用量较少的处理一致。
Experiments in pot were carried out to study the effect of different soil moisture and potassium amount on the absorption、distribution and circulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco with K326 and soil from Henan Xiangcheng town at Henan Agricultural university experiment field from 2002 to 2003. The results are as follow:
1 Effect of different soil moisture and potassium amount on the absorption of potassium in flue-cured tobacco
During three growth periods, higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could increase root activities and ATPase activities, decrease plasma membrane permeability and K+ leakage, add the whole absorption amount of potassium in tobacco、accumulation amount of potassium in root and shoot of tobacco and potassium content , decrease ratio of accumulation amount of potassium in root and accumulation amount of potassium in shoot.
With the rising of soil moisture and potassium amount, the contents of quick-acting and slow acting potassium of rhizosphere were added, however, the content of quick-acting potassium of non-rhizosphere was on decreasing trend, the influence strength for slow acting potassium of non-rhizosphere was smaller; higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could add the contents of quick-acting and slow acting potassium in every growth period, the intense of influence of soil moisture for quick-acting potassium was fast growing stage>topping>ripe stage, adding potassium amount, the intense was ripe stage>topping>fast growing stage.
2 Effect of different soil moisture and potassium amount on the distribution of potassium in flue-cured tobacco
Higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could increase weight of dry matter in every growth period, promoted the accumulation and distribution of potassium for shoot, added the gradient of potassium content between middle-upper stalk and lower stalk, increase potassium content of different tobacco leaves.
For potassium contents of lamina tissue, in fast growing stage, both upper and middle leaves were palisade tissue >spongy tissue>upper and lower epidermis; in topping, upper leaves was spongy tissue>palisade tissue>lower epidermis>upper epidermis; in ripe stage, both upper and middle leaves were palisade tissue >spongy tissue, lower epidermis>upper epidermis. Soil moisture and potassium amount could improve potassium content of palisade tissue and spongy tissue.
For potassium contents of vein tissue, in fast growing stage, upper leaves was
far-stalk parenchyma cells>near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>phloem>xylem, middle leaves was phloem>xylem> far-stalk parenchyma cells>near-stalk sclerenchyma cells; in topping, upper leaves in a whole was phloem>xylem> far-stalk parenchyma cells>near-stalk sclerenchyma cells, the potassium content of phloem was highest; middle leaves was near-stalk sclerenchyma cells、near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>phloem>xylem; in ripe stage, upper leaves in a whole was near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>xylem> far-stalk parenchyma cells>phloem, middle leaves was far-stalk parenchyma cells> phloem> near-stalk sclerenchyma cells>xylem. Soil moisture and potassium amount could increase potassium content of vein tissue, decreased gradient of potassium content among vein tissue.
For stalk tissue, in fast growing stage, the potassium content of cortex、phloem and pith were highest in middle stalk, however , the potassium content of xylem was on rising with the height of stalk; in topping, the most obvious character was that the potassium content of lower stalk decreased significantly; however, the potassium contents of middle and upper stalk were a little down; in ripe stage, potassium content of middle stalk tissue was highest, potassium content of every tissue was middle stalk>upper stalk>lower stalk; higher soil moisture(FC≥80%) and potassium amount(N/K≥1/3) could increase potassium of middle and upper stalk tissue, decrease potassium content of lower stalk tissue of the lowest soil moisture content treatment.
In a who
引文
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12 洪丽芳,付丽波,赵宗胜,等. 烤烟钾素库源关系生理调控措施研究. 植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):404~409
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14 K.V. JANARDHAN. Effect of split and foliar application of potassium on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Tob Research,1997,(1~2):1~5
15 KORCIK B. The effect of potassium band fertilizing on yield and quality of flue-cured tabacclo. CORESTA,1996,(1):65
16 李荣春,李佛琳,徐琼华. 钾对烤烟叶片解剖结构的效应及其品种差异. 中国烟草科学,2001,(2)39~41
17李太贵,沈波,陈能,等.Ｑ酶在水稻籽粒垩白形成中作用的研究[J].作物学报,1997,23(3):338-344
18 张天宇. 决定烟叶钾含量的生理因素探讨. 首都师范大学硕士学位论文.2002
19 Tubino M. Turbidimetric determination of potassium in leaf tissues with sodium tetraplenylborn. CORESTA,1994,(1):25~29
20 程辉斗,温永琴,陆富,等. 土壤供钾水平与云南烤烟含钾量关系的研究. 烟草科技,2000,(3):41~43
21 袁家富,杨林波,邹焱,等. 烤烟体内氮磷钾的浓度和积累、分配特征,中国烟草科学,1998,(4):27~29
22 张新,曹志洪. 钾肥对烤烟体内钾素分配及微量元素含量的影响. 土壤学报,1994,31(1):50~60
23 许明祥,赵允格,赵伯善.石灰性土壤烤烟含钾量及其累积分布的研究. 西北农业大学学
报,2000,28(1):52~56
24 罗建新,肖汉乾,彭建伟,等. 施钾方法对土壤供钾能力及烤烟钾累积的影响. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,26(5):352~354
25 叶协峰. 褐土区不同钾肥施用量和钾肥种类对烟株生长的影响. 河南农业大学硕士学位论,2003
26 Overman AR. Model for accumulation of dry matter and plant nutrient elements by tobacco. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999,22(1):81～92
27 彭玉富. 烤烟钾高效积累基因型钾积累与分配研究. 河南农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
28 V.Krishnamurthy V, B.V.Ramakrishnsyya, N.S.Murthy. Distribution pattern of potassium in different segments of flue-cured tobacco leaf. Communications in soil science & Plant Analysis,1997,28(9&10):665~671
29 郭丽琢. 烤烟体内钾的累积与运转. 甘肃农业大学博士学位论文,2001
30 魏永胜. 干旱胁迫和不同土壤钾水平下烟草植株钾的分布及其抗旱性研究. 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2001
31 李艳婷,米国华,陈范骏,等. 玉米幼苗地上部/根间氮的循环及其基因型差异. 植物生理学报,2001,27(3):226~230
32 郑宪滨. 烤烟体内钾的循环、累积和分配. 中国农业大学博士学位论文,2000
33 姜帆. 几种措施对烤烟钾吸收、体内分配和循环的影响. 中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2001
34 王国英. 不同形态氮素及植物激素对烟草生长、养分吸收和分配的影响. 河北农业大学硕士学位论文,2002
35 周晓阳,赵楠,张辉. 水分胁迫下中东杨气孔运动与保卫细胞离子含量变化的关系. 林业科学研究, 2000,13(1):71~74
36 吕芝香,王正刚. 盐胁迫下Ca2+对小麦根系无机离子分布和质膜脂肪酸的影响. 植物生理学报,1993,19(4):325~332
37 Mituo Chino, Hiromi Hidaka. Direct observation and X-ray microanalysis of frozen specimens of plant root in soil. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr.,1977,23(2):195~200
38 Li Qi, Fritz E. X-ray microanalysis of ion contents in roots of Populus maximowizii grown under potassium and phosphorus deficiency[J]. Plant Physiol, 1991,138:180~185
39 MOTO Y. Technique of specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy of cured leaf tobacco. TA,1984,(1~2):386
40 TAYLOR S.E. Low-temperatuer X-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated tobacco leaves.TA，1985,(1~2):9~12
41 AKIMOTO Y. Technique of specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy of cured leaf tobacco. TA,1984,(1~2):386~388
42 张晓海,雷永和,殷端,等. 不同施肥量烤烟钾素营养效应. 核农学报,1999,13(2):100～106
43张晓海,雷永和,殷端,等. 烤烟分次施硝酸钾的钾素营养效应研究.土壤肥料,1999,(2):26~286
44 奚振邦. 不同烟区烤烟含钾量差异初步研究. 中国烟草科学,2002,(4)13~16
45 周焱,罗安程.有机肥处理对小麦根系生长、活力和磷吸收的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,1997,3(3):243～248
46胡国松,张国显,曹志洪,等.河南烟区烤烟叶片含钾量低的原因初探.中国烟草学报,1996,3(1):13~18
47 郑劲民,查录云,谢德平,等. 河南烟区土壤供钾特性和烟叶含钾量. 烟草科
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48 罗建新,肖汉乾,彭建伟,等. 施钾方法对土壤供钾能力及烤烟钾累积的影响. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,26(5):352~354
49 张定义,王姣爱,贾文兰,等. 潮土褐土的供钾特性及小麦施钾效应.山西农业科学,1997,25(4):44~47
50 胡国松,曹志洪,周秀如. 烤烟根际土壤中钾素及微素行为的研究. 中国烟草学报,1993,1(3):1~11
51 马友华,罗孝荣,陈邦本,等. 砂姜黑土植烟后土壤钾变化及施钾对烟草的影响.土壤通报,1995,26(4):181~182
52 祖艳群,林克惠. 烤烟烟叶的氮、钾含量与土壤氮、钾含量的相互关系及其平衡研究.土壤肥料,2003,(2):7~11
53 李玉影. 连续施钾对黑土钾素动态变化的影响. 土壤肥料,2002,(3):18~20
54 粱成华,魏丽萍,罗磊.土壤固钾与释钾机制研究进展. 地球科学进展,2002,17(5):679~684
55 徐晓燕,马毅杰. 土壤矿物钾的释放及其在植物营养中的意义.土壤通报,2001,32(4):173~176
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2 窦玉青,王树声,许立峰,等. 烟草钾素营养研究进展. 中国烟草科学,2002,(3):31~33
3李佛琳,彭桂芬,萧凤回,等. 我国烟草钾素研究的现状与展望.中国烟草科学,1999,(1):22~25
4刘贞琦,伍贤进,刘振业. 土壤水分对烟草光合生理特性影响的研究.中国烟草学报,1995,2(3):44~49
5 李瑞,李絮花,杨守祥,等. 钾对冬小麦根系生理性状及地上部生长的影响.土壤肥料,2003(4):16~19
6 David M Beyer. The use of ion exchange resins to assess the changes in mineral element availability during the production of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Canadian Journal of Botany,1998,76(12):2084~2092
7 JBSartain. Tifway bermudagrass response to potassium fertilization.Crop Science,2002,42(2):507~512
8 Ａlamgir ＡNM. Effect of transpiration on the rate of absorption of potassium in some crop plants. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology,1997,2(3):239~241
9 孙梅霞. 烟田土壤水分指标与节水灌溉方式的研究. 河南农业大学硕士学位论,2000
10 李明德,郑圣先. 钾素营养对玉米生长及抗旱性德影响. 土壤肥料,1996,(4):10~12
11 汪邓民,周冀衡,朱显灵,等. 干旱胁迫下钾对烤烟生长及抗旱性的生理调节. 中国烟草科学,1998,(3):26~29
12 洪丽芳,付丽波,赵宗胜,等. 烤烟钾素库源关系生理调控措施研究. 植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):404~409
13 罗建新,萧汉乾,方红,等. 钾肥施用量与施用期对烤烟产量和品质的影响. 湖南农业大 学学报,1997,23(2):132~136
14 K.V. JANARDHAN. Effect of split and foliar application of potassium on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Tob Research,1997,(1~2):1~5
15 KORCIK B. The effect of potassium band fertilizing on yield and quality of flue-cured tabacclo. CORESTA,1996,(1):65
16 李荣春,李佛琳,徐琼华. 钾对烤烟叶片解剖结构的效应及其品种差异. 中国烟草科学,2001,(2)39~41
17李太贵,沈波,陈能,等.Ｑ酶在水稻籽粒垩白形成中作用的研究[J].作物学报,1997,23(3):338-344
18 张天宇. 决定烟叶钾含量的生理因素探讨. 首都师范大学硕士学位论文.2002
19 Tubino M. Turbidimetric determination of potassium in leaf tissues with sodium tetraplenylborn. CORESTA,1994,(1):25~29
20 程辉斗,温永琴,陆富,等. 土壤供钾水平与云南烤烟含钾量关系的研究. 烟草科技,2000,(3):41~43
21 袁家富,杨林波,邹焱,等. 烤烟体内氮磷钾的浓度和积累、分配特征,中国烟草科学,1998,(4):27~29
22 张新,曹志洪. 钾肥对烤烟体内钾素分配及微量元素含量的影响. 土壤学报,1994,31(1):50~60
23 许明祥,赵允格,赵伯善.石灰性土壤烤烟含钾量及其累积分布的研究. 西北农业大学学
报,2000,28(1):52~56
24 罗建新,肖汉乾,彭建伟,等. 施钾方法对土壤供钾能力及烤烟钾累积的影响. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,26(5):352~354
25 叶协峰. 褐土区不同钾肥施用量和钾肥种类对烟株生长的影响. 河南农业大学硕士学位论,2003
26 Overman AR. Model for accumulation of dry matter and plant nutrient elements by tobacco. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999,22(1):81～92
27 彭玉富. 烤烟钾高效积累基因型钾积累与分配研究. 河南农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
28 V.Krishnamurthy V, B.V.Ramakrishnsyya, N.S.Murthy. Distribution pattern of potassium in different segments of flue-cured tobacco leaf. Communications in soil science & Plant Analysis,1997,28(9&10):665~671
29 郭丽琢. 烤烟体内钾的累积与运转. 甘肃农业大学博士学位论文,2001
30 魏永胜. 干旱胁迫和不同土壤钾水平下烟草植株钾的分布及其抗旱性研究. 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2001
31 李艳婷,米国华,陈范骏,等. 玉米幼苗地上部/根间氮的循环及其基因型差异. 植物生理学报,2001,27(3):226~230
32 郑宪滨. 烤烟体内钾的循环、累积和分配. 中国农业大学博士学位论文,2000
33 姜帆. 几种措施对烤烟钾吸收、体内分配和循环的影响. 中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2001
34 王国英. 不同形态氮素及植物激素对烟草生长、养分吸收和分配的影响. 河北农业大学硕士学位论文,2002
35 周晓阳,赵楠,张辉. 水分胁迫下中东杨气孔运动与保卫细胞离子含量变化的关系. 林业科学研究, 2000,13(1):71~74
36 吕芝香,王正刚. 盐胁迫下Ca2+对小麦根系无机离子分布和质膜脂肪酸的影响. 植物生理学报,1993,19(4):325~332
37 Mituo Chino, Hiromi Hidaka. Direct observation and X-ray microanalysis of frozen specimens of plant root in soil. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr.,1977,23(2):195~200
38 Li Qi, Fritz E. X-ray microanalysis of ion contents in roots of Populus maximowizii grown under potassium and phosphorus deficiency[J]. Plant Physiol, 1991,138:180~185
39 MOTO Y. Technique of specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy of cured leaf tobacco. TA,1984,(1~2):386
40 TAYLOR S.E. Low-temperatuer X-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated tobacco leaves.TA，1985,(1~2):9~12
41 AKIMOTO Y. Technique of specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy of cured leaf tobacco. TA,1984,(1~2):386~388
42 张晓海,雷永和,殷端,等. 不同施肥量烤烟钾素营养效应. 核农学报,1999,13(2):100～106
43张晓海,雷永和,殷端,等. 烤烟分次施硝酸钾的钾素营养效应研究.土壤肥料,1999,(2):26~286
44 奚振邦. 不同烟区烤烟含钾量差异初步研究. 中国烟草科学,2002,(4)13~16
45 周焱,罗安程.有机肥处理对小麦根系生长、活力和磷吸收的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,1997,3(3):243～248
46胡国松,张国显,曹志洪,等.河南烟区烤烟叶片含钾量低的原因初探.中国烟草学报,1996,3(1):13~18
47 郑劲民,查录云,谢德平,等. 河南烟区土壤供钾特性和烟叶含钾量. 烟草科
技,1994,(5):29~32
48 罗建新,肖汉乾,彭建伟,等. 施钾方法对土壤供钾能力及烤烟钾累积的影响. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,26(5):352~354
49 张定义,王姣爱,贾文兰,等. 潮土褐土的供钾特性及小麦施钾效应.山西农业科学,1997,25(4):44~47
50 胡国松,曹志洪,周秀如. 烤烟根际土壤中钾素及微素行为的研究. 中国烟草学报,1993,1(3):1~11
51 马友华,罗孝荣,陈邦本,等. 砂姜黑土植烟后土壤钾变化及施钾对烟草的影响.土壤通报,1995,26(4):181~182
52 祖艳群,林克惠. 烤烟烟叶的氮、钾含量与土壤氮、钾含量的相互关系及其平衡研究.土壤肥料,2003,(2):7~11
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