基于3S的湖南湘西石漠化景观格局研究
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摘要
3S技术结合景观生态学可以从时空两尺度深入研究景观动态演变的区域生态环境效应。石漠化是我国主要的生态环境问题之一。针对特定的生态过程,将景观格局与生态过程相结合的格局分析是未来景观格局研究发展的方向。景观格局变化与景观过程改变互为因果,了解格局演变时空规律及其演变驱动机制是结合生态过程进行景观格局分析的前提与基础。
论文探讨了湘西岩溶山区石漠化景观生态结构与功能以及景观生态过程的不同于其他区域的基本特征,尝试从景观角度认识湘西岩溶山区生态空间特性与石漠化演化过程。利用卫星遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析功能,从景观尺度上研究了湖南湘西1977～1999年石漠化景观格局的演变过程。结果表明:1977～1989年,是石漠化景观扩张期;1989～1999年,是石漠化景观减退期。30年来,湘西石漠化景观格局经历了渐变-突变-渐变的演变过程。用土地动态度量化石漠化发展速度,湘西石漠化景观主要受潜在、轻度、中度石漠化影响。从景观指数看,优势度指数<0.50,平均缀块分维数接近1.3,湘西石漠化景观类型分布趋于均匀,景观缀块镶嵌体的形状动态变化趋于简单化,缀块总数目减少,破碎化程度呈下降趋势。论文还探讨了湘西石漠化动态变化驱动机制和景观生态效应,指出人类活动对石漠化景观格局的变化有深刻的影响,特别是近年来湘西强度石漠化景观有加剧趋势。
We can deeply research ecology environment effects in regions of landscape spatial dynamic changes by technology of RS, GIS and GPS combine with landscape ecology.
Rocky desertification is one of serious entironmental questions in China.The analysis of landscape pattern is one of the fundamental research scopes in Landscape ecology. Presently, most landscape pattern research only describes its geometric feature. Aiming at a special ecological process, combining ecological process with landscape pattern is the development trend of landscape pattern research in the future. Landscape changes at all time, pattern change is one aspect of landscape dynamic.
The landscape ecological structure and function and the essential features of landscape ecological procedure in karst mountains of Xiang Xi are analyzed in this paper, in order to understand the ecological spatial character and evolving procedure of karst mountains from landscape viewpoint. The changes of landscape pattern and landscape process are each other cause and effect. The spatial and temporal rule of landscape pattern change and which driven mechanical is the foundation of landscape pattern change research combining with ecological.
This study characterized the dynamics of landscape patterns of rocky desertification at landscape scale in Xiang Xi area in Hunan province between 1977~1999 by using satellite remote sensing techniques.Landsat TM satellite images for 1977,1989 and 1999 were classified and analyzed. The results showed that the landscape areas of rocky desertification have been increased between1977~1989 and have been decreased between 1989~1999. By applying geographic information system(GIS), patch-related landscape indicis were generated and the spatial patterns of rocky desertification changes over 30-year period were analyzed.The research indicated that the landscape patterns of rocky desertification in Xiang Xi have been experienced a dynamic process from gradual change to strong change to gradual change. Denoted by the soil dynamic index,the evolved speed of the total landscape of rocky desertification in Xiang Xi area were mainly influenced by three styles,such as potentially degraded desertification,lightly degraded desertification and moderately degraded desertification.By quantifying landscape indices ,such as landscape dominance index, fractal dimension and patch density ,etc.,the landscape dominance index was lessed than 0.50 and the fractal dimension was closed to 1.The diverse types of rocky desertification landscape in Xiang Xi inclined to equality and the dymanic change of the shapes of landscape mosaics inclined to simplification.The total of patches and the patches density inclined to decrease.Moreover,the study discussed the driving machenism of dynamic change of rocky desertification and the eco-environment in Xiang Xi.The landscape patterns of rocky desertification were profundly influenced by human movements,especially on the strongly degraded desertification in Xiang Xi area.
论文探讨了湘西岩溶山区石漠化景观生态结构与功能以及景观生态过程的不同于其他区域的基本特征,尝试从景观角度认识湘西岩溶山区生态空间特性与石漠化演化过程。利用卫星遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析功能,从景观尺度上研究了湖南湘西1977～1999年石漠化景观格局的演变过程。结果表明:1977～1989年,是石漠化景观扩张期;1989～1999年,是石漠化景观减退期。30年来,湘西石漠化景观格局经历了渐变-突变-渐变的演变过程。用土地动态度量化石漠化发展速度,湘西石漠化景观主要受潜在、轻度、中度石漠化影响。从景观指数看,优势度指数<0.50,平均缀块分维数接近1.3,湘西石漠化景观类型分布趋于均匀,景观缀块镶嵌体的形状动态变化趋于简单化,缀块总数目减少,破碎化程度呈下降趋势。论文还探讨了湘西石漠化动态变化驱动机制和景观生态效应,指出人类活动对石漠化景观格局的变化有深刻的影响,特别是近年来湘西强度石漠化景观有加剧趋势。
We can deeply research ecology environment effects in regions of landscape spatial dynamic changes by technology of RS, GIS and GPS combine with landscape ecology.
Rocky desertification is one of serious entironmental questions in China.The analysis of landscape pattern is one of the fundamental research scopes in Landscape ecology. Presently, most landscape pattern research only describes its geometric feature. Aiming at a special ecological process, combining ecological process with landscape pattern is the development trend of landscape pattern research in the future. Landscape changes at all time, pattern change is one aspect of landscape dynamic.
The landscape ecological structure and function and the essential features of landscape ecological procedure in karst mountains of Xiang Xi are analyzed in this paper, in order to understand the ecological spatial character and evolving procedure of karst mountains from landscape viewpoint. The changes of landscape pattern and landscape process are each other cause and effect. The spatial and temporal rule of landscape pattern change and which driven mechanical is the foundation of landscape pattern change research combining with ecological.
This study characterized the dynamics of landscape patterns of rocky desertification at landscape scale in Xiang Xi area in Hunan province between 1977~1999 by using satellite remote sensing techniques.Landsat TM satellite images for 1977,1989 and 1999 were classified and analyzed. The results showed that the landscape areas of rocky desertification have been increased between1977~1989 and have been decreased between 1989~1999. By applying geographic information system(GIS), patch-related landscape indicis were generated and the spatial patterns of rocky desertification changes over 30-year period were analyzed.The research indicated that the landscape patterns of rocky desertification in Xiang Xi have been experienced a dynamic process from gradual change to strong change to gradual change. Denoted by the soil dynamic index,the evolved speed of the total landscape of rocky desertification in Xiang Xi area were mainly influenced by three styles,such as potentially degraded desertification,lightly degraded desertification and moderately degraded desertification.By quantifying landscape indices ,such as landscape dominance index, fractal dimension and patch density ,etc.,the landscape dominance index was lessed than 0.50 and the fractal dimension was closed to 1.The diverse types of rocky desertification landscape in Xiang Xi inclined to equality and the dymanic change of the shapes of landscape mosaics inclined to simplification.The total of patches and the patches density inclined to decrease.Moreover,the study discussed the driving machenism of dynamic change of rocky desertification and the eco-environment in Xiang Xi.The landscape patterns of rocky desertification were profundly influenced by human movements,especially on the strongly degraded desertification in Xiang Xi area.
引文
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