CoPS创新利益相关者冲突协调案例研究
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摘要
复杂产品系统(CoPS)技术创新过程中涉及很多不同的利益相关者,这也使得CoPS项目的研制与运营难度更大,如何有效地缓和和协调项目各个利益相关者之间的冲突,是CoPS成功的核心关键。CoPS项目涉及的利益相关者彼此之间的冲突具有双重性,既有积极的一面,也存在着消极的一面。因此要积极引导和利用冲突的有益面,避免和减少冲突消极面。通过本研究,总结出一般CoPS项目中的冲突类型,对冲突进行一个有益的引导,使得CoPS项目中的技术创新能够顺利完成。
本研究尝试用扎根理论的案例研究方法,对杭氧的“五万等级化工型内压缩空分装置的研究开发”和浙江铁通CDN系统这两个具有CoPS项目特点(研发成本高、规模大、技术含量高、单件或小批量生产的大型产品、系统或基础设施)的案例进行分析。分析时,根据主要利益相关者在CoPS的创新过程中的作用,探索一般CoPS项目中主要利益相关者在创新过程模型中的所处的位置,并分析他们之间存在着的各种冲突,对它们进行分类,找寻这些冲突的具体协调方式。
对两个CoPS项目扎根理论研究方法的运用,本研究抽取出CoPS项目在项目各个阶段中的利益相关者及其他们的具体的冲突方式；根据他们与系统集成商之间的内在关系和竞争／合作关系,对主要利益相关者为了维护自身利益而所产生的各种冲突,把冲突划分为四个类型：共体性冲突、竞争性冲突、合作性冲突、竞合性冲突；并详细分析这四种冲突类型在系统集成商运营过程中的具体表现,；再分析利益冲突和权力冲突形成的本质和原因：一切冲突的源泉都来自于利益冲突。最后并结合CoPS的创新过程模型,总结CoPS技术创新过程中的冲突演化情况。为企业在日常的生产运营和冲突管理提供一定的参考和指导。
Complex Product Systems (CoPS) technological innovation process involves many different stakeholders, which also makes the CoPS project development and operation more difficult. How to effectively ease and coordinate the conflict among the various stakeholders in the projects is the core of CoPS's success. The conflict among the stakeholders in CoPS projects has a dual nature, the positive side and negative side. Therefore, the positive side should be led and be used, and the negative side should be avoided and reduced. This study summarizes the conflict type in the common CoPS projects, leads beneficially the conflict, so that the technological innovation in CoPS projects can be completed successfully.
This study attempted to use the grounded theory method to study two case, the Hang oxygen "50000 grade chemicals within the compressed air separation plant-based research and development" and Zhejiang Railway CDN system. These two cases have typic CoPS characteristics, high cost in R&D, large scale, high technology, a single piece or small batch production, large products, system and infrastructure. In the process of analyzation, according to the major stakeholders' effect in the CoPS innovation process, this article explores the major stakeholders' positions in the innovation process model in general CoPS projects, analyzes the conflicts among them, classifies the conflicts and seeks specific coordination manner of these conflicts.
According to the main stakeholders in CoPS innovation process model for the location, and explore the general CoPS projects, major stakeholders exist between the various conflicts, classify them and find the specific modalities of coordination of these conflicts.
Based on the study results of the CoPS projects using grounded theory, this article abstracts specific stakeholder and conflict types among them in in various stages of CoPS projects. The conflicts mainly happen when the main stakeholders safeguard their own interests. According to the internal relationships and competition/cooperation between stakeholders and system integrators, the conflict can be divided into four types, total body conflict, competitive conflict, cooperative conflict, competitive-cooperative conflict. This article detailedly analyzes the four kinds of embodiment of the four types of conflict in system integrators operation processes, studies the essence and reason of interest conflict formation and right conflict formation that all conflicts are due to interest conflict. At last, combining the CoPS innovation process model, this article concludes the conflict development process in CoPS technological innovation process, and provides some experience and instructions on enterprises'operation and conflict management.
本研究尝试用扎根理论的案例研究方法,对杭氧的“五万等级化工型内压缩空分装置的研究开发”和浙江铁通CDN系统这两个具有CoPS项目特点(研发成本高、规模大、技术含量高、单件或小批量生产的大型产品、系统或基础设施)的案例进行分析。分析时,根据主要利益相关者在CoPS的创新过程中的作用,探索一般CoPS项目中主要利益相关者在创新过程模型中的所处的位置,并分析他们之间存在着的各种冲突,对它们进行分类,找寻这些冲突的具体协调方式。
对两个CoPS项目扎根理论研究方法的运用,本研究抽取出CoPS项目在项目各个阶段中的利益相关者及其他们的具体的冲突方式；根据他们与系统集成商之间的内在关系和竞争／合作关系,对主要利益相关者为了维护自身利益而所产生的各种冲突,把冲突划分为四个类型：共体性冲突、竞争性冲突、合作性冲突、竞合性冲突；并详细分析这四种冲突类型在系统集成商运营过程中的具体表现,；再分析利益冲突和权力冲突形成的本质和原因：一切冲突的源泉都来自于利益冲突。最后并结合CoPS的创新过程模型,总结CoPS技术创新过程中的冲突演化情况。为企业在日常的生产运营和冲突管理提供一定的参考和指导。
Complex Product Systems (CoPS) technological innovation process involves many different stakeholders, which also makes the CoPS project development and operation more difficult. How to effectively ease and coordinate the conflict among the various stakeholders in the projects is the core of CoPS's success. The conflict among the stakeholders in CoPS projects has a dual nature, the positive side and negative side. Therefore, the positive side should be led and be used, and the negative side should be avoided and reduced. This study summarizes the conflict type in the common CoPS projects, leads beneficially the conflict, so that the technological innovation in CoPS projects can be completed successfully.
This study attempted to use the grounded theory method to study two case, the Hang oxygen "50000 grade chemicals within the compressed air separation plant-based research and development" and Zhejiang Railway CDN system. These two cases have typic CoPS characteristics, high cost in R&D, large scale, high technology, a single piece or small batch production, large products, system and infrastructure. In the process of analyzation, according to the major stakeholders' effect in the CoPS innovation process, this article explores the major stakeholders' positions in the innovation process model in general CoPS projects, analyzes the conflicts among them, classifies the conflicts and seeks specific coordination manner of these conflicts.
According to the main stakeholders in CoPS innovation process model for the location, and explore the general CoPS projects, major stakeholders exist between the various conflicts, classify them and find the specific modalities of coordination of these conflicts.
Based on the study results of the CoPS projects using grounded theory, this article abstracts specific stakeholder and conflict types among them in in various stages of CoPS projects. The conflicts mainly happen when the main stakeholders safeguard their own interests. According to the internal relationships and competition/cooperation between stakeholders and system integrators, the conflict can be divided into four types, total body conflict, competitive conflict, cooperative conflict, competitive-cooperative conflict. This article detailedly analyzes the four kinds of embodiment of the four types of conflict in system integrators operation processes, studies the essence and reason of interest conflict formation and right conflict formation that all conflicts are due to interest conflict. At last, combining the CoPS innovation process model, this article concludes the conflict development process in CoPS technological innovation process, and provides some experience and instructions on enterprises'operation and conflict management.
引文
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[8]陈劲,童亮,复杂产品系统创新对传统创新管理的挑战[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004.9,47-51.
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[10]曹郑玉,叶金福,邹艳.面向复杂产品系统创新的知识管理系统模型研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2008(2),Vol30 No1,96-99.
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[12]童亮,陈劲.复杂产品系统创新过程中跨组织知识管理的障碍因素[J].管理学报,2007,4(2)：204-210.
[13]童亮,陈劲,复杂产品和系统的开发过程——地铁综合监控自动化系统案例研究[J].科研管理,2006.7,84-89.
[14]童亮,陈劲,复杂产品系统创新过程中跨组织知识管理的阻碍因素[J].管理学报,2007.3,204-210.
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[20]李志刚,李兴旺.蒙牛公司快速成长模式及其影响因素研究——扎根理论研究方法的运用[J].管理科学,2006(3)：2-7.
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