不同营养条件下沉水植物多样性对模拟水生生态系统功能影响的初步研究
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摘要
当前湖泊、水库水体的富营养化是全世界普遍存在的环境问题。沉水植物在水生生态系统中发挥着重要作用,是防治富营养化以及淡水、湿地生态恢复的重要环节,富营养化水体中沉水植物的重建与恢复已成为环境领域和水生生态学研究的重点内容。沉水植物(submerged macrophytes)是指植株全部或大部分沉没于水下营固着生活的大型水生植物,是水生态系统的重要组成部分和主要的初级生产者。沉水植物具有很强的生态功能,是防治富营养化,以及淡水、湿地生态恢复的重要环节。本研究通过比较不同营养条件(LN、MN、HN)下沉水植物多样性(S0、S1、S2、S3)对水生生态系统功能的影响,得出以下结论：1)营养浓度、物种多样性均对沉水植物生产力有显著性影响,LN处理的总生物量显著低于MN和HN处理(p<0.05,单因素方差分析),S3处理下的总产量最高(p<0.05,单因素方差分析)；2)营养浓度、物种多样性对于植株生长的交互作用十分显著(p<0.01,双因素方差分析),并存在内在联系；3)总体上抽样效应(sampling effect)超过生态位互补(niche complementarity),在本实验中占据了主导作用；4)黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)与苦草(Vallisneria natans)、黑藻与金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)之间竞争效应都占主导(物种间相对作用强度RⅡ均大于0),金鱼藻和苦草之间则有较强的互补效应(金鱼藻的相对产量RY均大于1)；5)HN处理下物种的种间竞争最为激烈,显著强于MN和LN水平(p<0.05,单因素方差分析)。这些结论可以用来解释沉水植物群落在治理富营养化水体时如何发挥作用,并用于提出沉水植物重建和恢复的相关建议和对策。
Submerged macrophytes are large aquatic plants with the whole body or most of it sinking in the underwater. They act as the main primary producer in aquatic ecosystem, which is an important constituent part. Submerged macrophytes have strong ecological functions and play important roles in freshwater and wetland ecosystem recovery; they are also used in preventing and controlling eutrophication. In this study, we compared the effects of the functioning of the artificial aquatic mesocosm due to submerged macrophytes species richness (S0、S1、S2、S3) under different nutritional conditions (LN、MN、HN), and drew the following conclusions:1) nutrient concentrations and species richness of submerged macrophytes both produce significant impacts on plant growing, LN (the lowest nutrient concentration) treats produce the lowest biomass (p<0.05, One-way ANOVA) and S3 (3 species) treats display the highest productivity (p<0.05, One-way ANOVA); 2) interactions between nutrient concentrations and species richness are significant (p<0.01, Variance Analysis-General linear model); 3) generally, sampling effects are stronger than niche complementarity, playing a leading role in this experiment; 4) competition is the main force between Hydrilla verticillata and other two species (Relative Interaction Intensity, RII>0), whereas complementarity is found between Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria natans (Relative Yield, RY>1);5) the strongest interspecific competitions are displayed under HN (the highest nutrient concentration) treat (p<0.05, One-way ANOVA). These conclusions can be used to explain how submerged macrophytes come into play during controlling eutrophication. We also come up with some suggestions and strategies when restoration of submerged macrophytes is implemented and used to control eutrophication.
Submerged macrophytes are large aquatic plants with the whole body or most of it sinking in the underwater. They act as the main primary producer in aquatic ecosystem, which is an important constituent part. Submerged macrophytes have strong ecological functions and play important roles in freshwater and wetland ecosystem recovery; they are also used in preventing and controlling eutrophication. In this study, we compared the effects of the functioning of the artificial aquatic mesocosm due to submerged macrophytes species richness (S0、S1、S2、S3) under different nutritional conditions (LN、MN、HN), and drew the following conclusions:1) nutrient concentrations and species richness of submerged macrophytes both produce significant impacts on plant growing, LN (the lowest nutrient concentration) treats produce the lowest biomass (p<0.05, One-way ANOVA) and S3 (3 species) treats display the highest productivity (p<0.05, One-way ANOVA); 2) interactions between nutrient concentrations and species richness are significant (p<0.01, Variance Analysis-General linear model); 3) generally, sampling effects are stronger than niche complementarity, playing a leading role in this experiment; 4) competition is the main force between Hydrilla verticillata and other two species (Relative Interaction Intensity, RII>0), whereas complementarity is found between Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria natans (Relative Yield, RY>1);5) the strongest interspecific competitions are displayed under HN (the highest nutrient concentration) treat (p<0.05, One-way ANOVA). These conclusions can be used to explain how submerged macrophytes come into play during controlling eutrophication. We also come up with some suggestions and strategies when restoration of submerged macrophytes is implemented and used to control eutrophication.
引文
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