新《劳动合同法》对劳动关系的影响研究
摘要
劳动关系是社会经济生活中最基本、最重要的社会关系,它的和谐与稳定影响着整个社会的政治、经济等各个方面的和谐与稳定。近些年,劳动争议案件和劳动纠纷不断增多,劳动者权益受侵害现象愈演愈烈,《劳动法》已不足以承载保护劳动者的作用。
新《劳动合同法》是对《劳动法》的继承与延续,以法律的形式为和谐劳动关系的建立提供了保障。然而,在其出台及实施之后,部分人认为此法过于偏向劳动者,会导致企业的负担过重,大量的企业纷纷采取裁员、增加劳务派遣等不恰当的方式应对新《劳动合同法》,预期的劳资和谐现象似乎无法实现。通过客观地分析新法对劳动关系带来的实际影响,能够消除企业的恐惧心理,促进企业接受并自觉履行新法;能够促进政府通过完善法律法规来平衡劳动关系;能够促进政府、企业、工会进一步发挥各自的作用,实现劳动关系的和谐。
本文通过搜集与整理新《劳动合同法》实施一年以来全国的实施情况,并对南通市的实施情况进行了调查,尝试通过数据对比得出新《劳动合同法》对劳动关系造成的实际影响,例如:劳动合同的签订率上升了,参加社会保险的人多了,短期劳动合同下降了等等。虽然呈现了正面效应,但同时也带来了不少新问题:一些劳动密集型企业仍然存在不签订合同的现象,增加了一部分劳动者就业的难度,部分条款难以起到保护劳动者的作用等等。究其原因,部分是由于法律本身的欠缺所造成的,也有部分是由于企业缺乏社会责任,无法适应新法所造成的。针对以上问题,笔者建议通过完善、规范配套的劳动法规以及通过政府、企业、工会三方共同努力实现劳动关系的和谐。
目前,国内分别研究劳动关系与新《劳动合同法》的并不少见,但是将两者结合,进行系统分析的还较为鲜见。对于新法对劳动关系的影响,笔者试图从理论和实践方面进行了一些新的探索。
As the most fundamental and significant social relation in social economic life, labor relations affect the harmony and stability of the whole society in politics, economics, culture and other aspects. However, in recent years, with labor disputes on the increase, the rights and interests of laborers have been greatly aggrieved. These phenomena prove that the previous Labor Law is insufficient to protect the rights and interests of laborers.
Inherited from the previous Labor Law, New Labor Contract Law provides a firm guarantee for establishing harmonious and stable labor relations in legal form. However, after the introduction and implementing of this law, some people think that the law is too biased against laborers and thus excessive burdens will be put on enterprises. As a result, a large number of enterprises resort to some inappropriate methods to deal with this new law such as laying off more staff and increasing labor dispatching. The expected harmonious state seems beyond reach. By objectively analyzing the practical impact of the new law on labor relations, the author attempts to eliminate the fears of those enterprises and encourage them to accept and conscientiously carry out the new law. Furthermore, the author tries to promote the government to balance labor relations through improving the laws and regulations. Also, the author thinks that the analysis can facilitate the government, enterprises and trade unions to further function in their own domains and thus achieve harmonious labor relations.
The author collects and integrates the data on the implementation of this law throughout China and investigates its implementation in Nantong, attempting to find the practical impacts of New Labor Contract Law on labor relations by contrasting relative data. For example: the rising signing rate of labor contracts, the increasing number of people who buy insurance, the reducing number of short-term labor contracts and so on. Though all these phenomena indicate the positive impacts of this law, yet a lot of new problems arise: The phenomena of signing no contracts still exist in some labor-intensive enterprises, which adds to the difficulty of the employment of laborers. Part of the regulations of the law are of no avail to protect the rights of laborers. The reason is partly due to the flaw of the law itself and partly because that some enterprises lack a sense of social responsibility and can not adapt to the new law. For the above reasons, the author suggests that the perfecting and formulating of the corresponding regulations and the joint efforts made by the government, enterprises and trade unions are needed to realize the harmony of labor relations
At present, though domestic studies of labor relations and New Labor Contract Law respectively are not uncommon, studies of carrying out a systematic analysis by combining the two aspects are rare. In terms of the new law`s impact on labor relations, the author attempts to carry out some new explorations both in theory and practice.
新《劳动合同法》是对《劳动法》的继承与延续,以法律的形式为和谐劳动关系的建立提供了保障。然而,在其出台及实施之后,部分人认为此法过于偏向劳动者,会导致企业的负担过重,大量的企业纷纷采取裁员、增加劳务派遣等不恰当的方式应对新《劳动合同法》,预期的劳资和谐现象似乎无法实现。通过客观地分析新法对劳动关系带来的实际影响,能够消除企业的恐惧心理,促进企业接受并自觉履行新法;能够促进政府通过完善法律法规来平衡劳动关系;能够促进政府、企业、工会进一步发挥各自的作用,实现劳动关系的和谐。
本文通过搜集与整理新《劳动合同法》实施一年以来全国的实施情况,并对南通市的实施情况进行了调查,尝试通过数据对比得出新《劳动合同法》对劳动关系造成的实际影响,例如:劳动合同的签订率上升了,参加社会保险的人多了,短期劳动合同下降了等等。虽然呈现了正面效应,但同时也带来了不少新问题:一些劳动密集型企业仍然存在不签订合同的现象,增加了一部分劳动者就业的难度,部分条款难以起到保护劳动者的作用等等。究其原因,部分是由于法律本身的欠缺所造成的,也有部分是由于企业缺乏社会责任,无法适应新法所造成的。针对以上问题,笔者建议通过完善、规范配套的劳动法规以及通过政府、企业、工会三方共同努力实现劳动关系的和谐。
目前,国内分别研究劳动关系与新《劳动合同法》的并不少见,但是将两者结合,进行系统分析的还较为鲜见。对于新法对劳动关系的影响,笔者试图从理论和实践方面进行了一些新的探索。
As the most fundamental and significant social relation in social economic life, labor relations affect the harmony and stability of the whole society in politics, economics, culture and other aspects. However, in recent years, with labor disputes on the increase, the rights and interests of laborers have been greatly aggrieved. These phenomena prove that the previous Labor Law is insufficient to protect the rights and interests of laborers.
Inherited from the previous Labor Law, New Labor Contract Law provides a firm guarantee for establishing harmonious and stable labor relations in legal form. However, after the introduction and implementing of this law, some people think that the law is too biased against laborers and thus excessive burdens will be put on enterprises. As a result, a large number of enterprises resort to some inappropriate methods to deal with this new law such as laying off more staff and increasing labor dispatching. The expected harmonious state seems beyond reach. By objectively analyzing the practical impact of the new law on labor relations, the author attempts to eliminate the fears of those enterprises and encourage them to accept and conscientiously carry out the new law. Furthermore, the author tries to promote the government to balance labor relations through improving the laws and regulations. Also, the author thinks that the analysis can facilitate the government, enterprises and trade unions to further function in their own domains and thus achieve harmonious labor relations.
The author collects and integrates the data on the implementation of this law throughout China and investigates its implementation in Nantong, attempting to find the practical impacts of New Labor Contract Law on labor relations by contrasting relative data. For example: the rising signing rate of labor contracts, the increasing number of people who buy insurance, the reducing number of short-term labor contracts and so on. Though all these phenomena indicate the positive impacts of this law, yet a lot of new problems arise: The phenomena of signing no contracts still exist in some labor-intensive enterprises, which adds to the difficulty of the employment of laborers. Part of the regulations of the law are of no avail to protect the rights of laborers. The reason is partly due to the flaw of the law itself and partly because that some enterprises lack a sense of social responsibility and can not adapt to the new law. For the above reasons, the author suggests that the perfecting and formulating of the corresponding regulations and the joint efforts made by the government, enterprises and trade unions are needed to realize the harmony of labor relations
At present, though domestic studies of labor relations and New Labor Contract Law respectively are not uncommon, studies of carrying out a systematic analysis by combining the two aspects are rare. In terms of the new law`s impact on labor relations, the author attempts to carry out some new explorations both in theory and practice.
引文
①郭悦.转型时期中国劳动关系研究[EB/OL].http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/wk_wzdetails.asp?id=2872
②陈伯庾.论构建民营经济的新型劳资关系[J].华东师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(5):121-122
③常凯.劳动关系·劳动者·劳权——当代中国的劳动问题[M].中国劳动出版社,1995
④冯同庆.中国的劳工调查与研究[J].工会理论与实践,2004(5)
⑤梁立新,洪长安.共建共享劳资和谐——一个构建主义的视角,上海企业,2008(2):20
①江海洋.劳资和谐是和谐社会建设中亟待解决的新课题[J].中共南京市委党校学报,2008(1):99-101
②申小军,尹凤婷.化解劳资矛盾首先要转变思维方式[J].北京社会科学,2008(1):33
③乔健.略论我国劳动关系的转型及当前特征[J].中国劳动关系学报,2007(2):35
④王焕培,对私营企业劳资关系的思考[J].黑龙江省社会主义学院学报,2007(9):41-42
⑤江海洋,劳资和谐是和谐社会建设中亟待解决的新课题[J].中共南京市委党校学报,2008(1):101
⑥《劳动合同法》实施后合同不能再一年一签[EB/OL]. http://www.51labour.com/protect/show.asp?id=79553
⑦《劳动合同法立法目的是建立稳定劳动关系》[EB/OL].http://news.sohu.com/20071119/n253326007.shtml
①刘声.专访全国总工会副主席张鸣起--面对经济寒流,劳动关系要做春天[EB/OL].http://www.cyol.net, 2009-03-05
②专家驳斥劳动合同法搞垮中国经济[EB/OL]. http://www.nbfz.gov.cn/info.jsp?aid=9446
③多角度推动《劳动合同法》的执行[EB/OL]. http://www.nxnews.net/3604/2008-3-13/52@284808.htm
④劳动法专家董保华怎样看待《劳动合同法》[EB/OL].http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/1308100701426.html
⑤《劳动合同法》实施后合同不能再一年一签[EB/OL].http://www.51labour.com/protect/show.asp?id=79553
⑥关于《劳动合同法》的争论堪比真理标准大讨论[EB/OL]. http://money.163.com/09/0313/15/549UFNN500251OBF.html
①常凯.论个别劳动关系的法律特征[J].《中国劳动》,2004(4).
②李克章.当前劳动关系的现状与思考[N].《工人日报》,2002-07-11(5).
③中华人民共和国劳动和社会保障部网站
①程延园.劳动关系[M].中国人民大学出版社,2002
①黑启明,郭文民.论影响劳动关系系统的政治法律环境因素[EB/OL]. http://www.51kj.com.cn/news/20061228/n105370.shtml
①别将《劳动合同法》与《劳动法》弄混. http://acftu.worken.cn/contentfile/2009/04/07/143413119720446.html
②《劳动合同法》同《劳动法》是什么关系[EB/OL].http://msn.china.ynet.com/view.jsp?oid=25124296
①钟鞍刚,杨荣华.立法构建和谐稳定的劳动关系[N].法制日报,2005-09-13
①郑桥,姜颖.《劳动合同法》的实施对我国劳动关系的影响[J].新视野,2008(1):62
①郑桥.从《劳动合同法》出台看中国劳动关系的演变与发展[J].当代世界与社会主义,2008(1):12
①刘岩.劳动合同法实施后的新问题及其完善[N].济南日报,2008-10-15(10).
①刘岩.劳动合同法实施后的新问题及其完善[N].济南日报,2008-10-15(10)
①程延园.聚焦《劳动合同法实施条例》的新变化及其对企业的影响.北京劳动保障职业学院学报,2009,3(1):9
①王丽霞.论劳动合同的解除及其违约责任[N],天津市工会管理干部学院学报,2006-06
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[31]常凯.论个别劳动关系的法律特征[J].《中国劳动》,2004(4).
[32]别将《劳动合同法》与《劳动法》弄混[EB/OL].http://acftu.worken.cn/contentfile/2009/04/07/143413119720446.html
[33]郑桥.从《劳动合同法》出台看中国劳动关系的演变与发展[J].当代世界与社会主义,2008(1)
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[39]孙宝强.劳动合同法的新制度经济学思考[J].就业与社会保障,2008(6)
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②陈伯庾.论构建民营经济的新型劳资关系[J].华东师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(5):121-122
③常凯.劳动关系·劳动者·劳权——当代中国的劳动问题[M].中国劳动出版社,1995
④冯同庆.中国的劳工调查与研究[J].工会理论与实践,2004(5)
⑤梁立新,洪长安.共建共享劳资和谐——一个构建主义的视角,上海企业,2008(2):20
①江海洋.劳资和谐是和谐社会建设中亟待解决的新课题[J].中共南京市委党校学报,2008(1):99-101
②申小军,尹凤婷.化解劳资矛盾首先要转变思维方式[J].北京社会科学,2008(1):33
③乔健.略论我国劳动关系的转型及当前特征[J].中国劳动关系学报,2007(2):35
④王焕培,对私营企业劳资关系的思考[J].黑龙江省社会主义学院学报,2007(9):41-42
⑤江海洋,劳资和谐是和谐社会建设中亟待解决的新课题[J].中共南京市委党校学报,2008(1):101
⑥《劳动合同法》实施后合同不能再一年一签[EB/OL]. http://www.51labour.com/protect/show.asp?id=79553
⑦《劳动合同法立法目的是建立稳定劳动关系》[EB/OL].http://news.sohu.com/20071119/n253326007.shtml
①刘声.专访全国总工会副主席张鸣起--面对经济寒流,劳动关系要做春天[EB/OL].http://www.cyol.net, 2009-03-05
②专家驳斥劳动合同法搞垮中国经济[EB/OL]. http://www.nbfz.gov.cn/info.jsp?aid=9446
③多角度推动《劳动合同法》的执行[EB/OL]. http://www.nxnews.net/3604/2008-3-13/52@284808.htm
④劳动法专家董保华怎样看待《劳动合同法》[EB/OL].http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/1308100701426.html
⑤《劳动合同法》实施后合同不能再一年一签[EB/OL].http://www.51labour.com/protect/show.asp?id=79553
⑥关于《劳动合同法》的争论堪比真理标准大讨论[EB/OL]. http://money.163.com/09/0313/15/549UFNN500251OBF.html
①常凯.论个别劳动关系的法律特征[J].《中国劳动》,2004(4).
②李克章.当前劳动关系的现状与思考[N].《工人日报》,2002-07-11(5).
③中华人民共和国劳动和社会保障部网站
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