岩溶堆积型铝土矿系统开采优化研究
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摘要
平果铝土矿是目前世界上最早开发成功的岩溶堆积型铝土矿,矿石分布点多面广,储量多,经济价值巨大。平果岩溶堆积型铝土矿床不但规模大,而且矿石品位质量变化大,其铝硅比值分布从3.92到33.93。中国铝业广西分公司氧化铝生产采用的是纯拜尔法生产工艺,铝硅比低于7的矿石不适合做为氧化铝生产的原材料。为保证铝土矿资源的可持续利用,必须对岩溶堆积型铝土矿进行系统开采研究,实现开采的整体最优化。
本文就是在资源可持续性利用的理念基础上,采用系统工程、灰色系统理论、多目标决策以及物流规划等科学方法理论,对岩溶堆积型铝土矿整个生产工艺系统开展模型化和最优化研究。文中首先对岩溶堆积型铝土矿资源以及开采条件进行系统分析,接着采用灰色层次分析法优选主要的开采工艺,同时利用灰色模糊综合决策模型优选适合其开采工艺的剥采设备；然后构建基于灰参数的0-1整数规划模型,将厂址选择与配矿优化有机结合起来,并利用先进的运筹学优化软件FICO MP-Xpress展开计算与优化研究,从而得到堆积型铝土矿的最佳厂址以及长远生产规划方案；最后在长远规划的基础上对堆积型铝土矿采场与堆场联合配矿系统进行相应分析,运用灰色目标规划理论构建堆积型铝土矿的采场与堆场配矿的数学模型,从而保证铝土矿资源的综合利用,给氧化铝厂提供长期稳定的供矿品位。论文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)对平果堆积型铝土矿三期太平南矿段的矿体进行勘探及现场地质调查研究,分析开采范围内堆积型铝土矿的赋存条件、矿区区域地质、矿床地质特征以及水文地质条件,获得铝土矿石的储量以及工业指标。对太平矿区南段的供矿能力和供矿质量进行研究,同时对其资源条件、开采技术条件和外部建设条件进行分析,结果表明设计开采范围内的矿体具有较高的经济开采价值,能满足中国铝业公司的生产要求。
(2)结合岩溶堆积型铝土矿的主要特点,提出了灰色层次综合评价模型来进行岩溶堆积型铝土矿开采工艺的优选。首先对工艺选择的主要影响因素进行分析,再采用系统工程、灰色系统理论和科学决策的方法优选出满足工程需要的开采方式及采矿工艺流程,然后对堆积型铝土矿的露天境界进行相应分析,研究其境界参数,最后确定规划开采区的生产规模以及生产服务年限。
(3)针对平果堆积型铝土矿矿床地质特征、地质水文特征、现有采矿机械装备、采矿工艺、氧化铝厂的矿石质量要求,结合矿体、围岩介质相关的物理力学性质,参照国内外类似矿山开采技术条件,按照堆积型铝土矿开采设备选择的原则,综合利用灰色系统理论、模糊数学理论以及运筹学等系统科学方法建立堆积型铝土矿开采设备灰色模糊综合决策模型,遴选出适合矿区资源开采的主要技术装备。
(4)岩溶堆积型铝土矿的厂址选择问题实际上就是一个矿山物流优化问题,是一个厂址选择、运输、生产和氧化铝厂工艺需求的综合匹配问题。而矿山开采系统实际上是一个典型的灰色系统。本文引入灰色规划的方法体系,建立基于灰参数的厂址选择与配矿综合优化模型,然后利用先进的运筹学优化软件FICO Xpress-MP进行优化计算,得到最佳厂址以及铝土矿开采长远规划,同时保证了矿山开发的经济性和矿石供应的稳定持久性。
(5)提出岩溶堆积型铝土矿采场配矿和堆场配矿联合技术体系,对配矿联合作用模式下采场配矿计划功效以及堆场配矿的缓冲调节功效进行分析。同时利用FICO Xpress-MP构建岩溶堆积型铝土矿采场配矿灰色多目标规划数学模型和堆场配矿数学模型,从而实现了岩溶堆积型铝土矿配矿优化的体系化和模型化。
Pingguo bauxite is the karst accumulated bauxite which is exploited firstly in the world. The ore is widely distributed with large reserves and tremendous economic value. The quality of the ore grade changes greatly, the aluminum-silicon ratio is distributed from3.92to33.93. Guangxi Branch of Aluminum Corporation of China uses the pure Bayer process for the alumina production. The bauxite with Al-Si ratio below7is not suitable for the alumina production. In order to ensure the sustainable use of bauxite resources, the exploitation of karst accumulated bauxite should be systematically and reach the global optimization.
On the basis of the concept of sustainable use of resources, the paper used scientific method of systems engineering, gray system theory, multi-objective decision-making and logistics planning theory, to make the research on karst accumulated bauxite production process systems modeling and optimization. Firstly, karst accumulation bauxite resources and mining conditions were analyzed systematically. Secondly the gray analytic hierarchy process was used to select the major mining process, while the gray fuzzy comprehensive decision-making model was used to choose the stripping equipment suitable for the exploitation process. Thirdly, the0-1integer programming model with gray parameter was constructed. In the model, the site selection and the ore blending were combined. The best site of accumulated bauxite as well as long-term production planning program were got by the advanced operations optimization software FICO MP-Xpress. Finally, on the basis of long-term planning, the accumulated bauxite blending system combined with stope and yard was analyzed. By the gray goal programming theory, the stope and yard ore blending mathematical model for the accumulate bauxite were constructed. The model could guarantee the comprehensive utilization of bauxite resources and provide the stable supply of ore grade alumina in long term. The main research results were as follows:
(1) After the exploration and geological survey of the ore body of Pingguo Taiping south, the occurrence condition, regional geological, geological features and hydrogeology condition of the ore deposit were studied, reserves and industrial index were got. The ore supply ability and quality are researched. The resource conditions, mining conditions, and external construction conditions were analyzed. The result shows that the accumulated bauxite in mine design has high economic value and it can meet the production requirements.
(2) Considering the main characteristics of karst accumulated bauxite, the AHP-GRAM evaluation model for mining technology selection of karst accumulated bauxite was proposed. Firstly, the main influential factors of mining method selection were analyzed. Secondly, by using the system engineering, grey system theory and scientific decision-making method, the mining method and mining process were optimized to meet the needs of the project. And then, the open pit boundary of the accumulated bauxite was analyzed and the boundary parameters were studied. Finally, the production scale and service life of the mining area were determined.
(3) The deposit geological characteristics, geology and hydrological characteristics, the existing mining machinery equipment, the mining methods, and the ore quality requirements of alumina plant were analyzed. Combining with the related physical and mechanical properties of the ore-body and surrounding rock medium, reference to the similar mining technical conditions at home and abroad, on the basis of the mining equipment selection principles for accumulated bauxite, the systematic science method such as grey system theory, fuzzy mathematics theory, and operational research were used comprehensively to establish the grey fuzzy comprehensive decision model for the mining equipments for accumulated bauxite. The model could select the main technical equipments for the mining area.
(4) The site selection problem of karst accumulated bauxite is actually a mining logistics optimization problem. It is comprehensive optimization problem on site selection, transportation, production and alumina plant process need. The mining process system is actually a typical gray system. By introducing the method of gray planning system, the optimization model on site selection and ore blending with gray parameters was built. After the optimization calculation by advanced operations research software FICO Xpress-MP, the best site and the long-term planning of bauxite mining were got. The model ensures the economy of mine development and stable persistence of ore supply.
(5) The united technology system on stope and yard ore blending of karst accumulated bauxite was proposed. The paper made the analysis on the planning efficiency of stope ore blending and buffer-regulating efficiency of yard ore blending under the combined effects mode. By taking advantage of FICO Xpress-MP, the gray multi-objective programming model for stope ore blending and mathematical model for yard ore blending were built. The study makes the karst accumulated bauxite ore blending problem turn systematism and modeling.
本文就是在资源可持续性利用的理念基础上,采用系统工程、灰色系统理论、多目标决策以及物流规划等科学方法理论,对岩溶堆积型铝土矿整个生产工艺系统开展模型化和最优化研究。文中首先对岩溶堆积型铝土矿资源以及开采条件进行系统分析,接着采用灰色层次分析法优选主要的开采工艺,同时利用灰色模糊综合决策模型优选适合其开采工艺的剥采设备；然后构建基于灰参数的0-1整数规划模型,将厂址选择与配矿优化有机结合起来,并利用先进的运筹学优化软件FICO MP-Xpress展开计算与优化研究,从而得到堆积型铝土矿的最佳厂址以及长远生产规划方案；最后在长远规划的基础上对堆积型铝土矿采场与堆场联合配矿系统进行相应分析,运用灰色目标规划理论构建堆积型铝土矿的采场与堆场配矿的数学模型,从而保证铝土矿资源的综合利用,给氧化铝厂提供长期稳定的供矿品位。论文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)对平果堆积型铝土矿三期太平南矿段的矿体进行勘探及现场地质调查研究,分析开采范围内堆积型铝土矿的赋存条件、矿区区域地质、矿床地质特征以及水文地质条件,获得铝土矿石的储量以及工业指标。对太平矿区南段的供矿能力和供矿质量进行研究,同时对其资源条件、开采技术条件和外部建设条件进行分析,结果表明设计开采范围内的矿体具有较高的经济开采价值,能满足中国铝业公司的生产要求。
(2)结合岩溶堆积型铝土矿的主要特点,提出了灰色层次综合评价模型来进行岩溶堆积型铝土矿开采工艺的优选。首先对工艺选择的主要影响因素进行分析,再采用系统工程、灰色系统理论和科学决策的方法优选出满足工程需要的开采方式及采矿工艺流程,然后对堆积型铝土矿的露天境界进行相应分析,研究其境界参数,最后确定规划开采区的生产规模以及生产服务年限。
(3)针对平果堆积型铝土矿矿床地质特征、地质水文特征、现有采矿机械装备、采矿工艺、氧化铝厂的矿石质量要求,结合矿体、围岩介质相关的物理力学性质,参照国内外类似矿山开采技术条件,按照堆积型铝土矿开采设备选择的原则,综合利用灰色系统理论、模糊数学理论以及运筹学等系统科学方法建立堆积型铝土矿开采设备灰色模糊综合决策模型,遴选出适合矿区资源开采的主要技术装备。
(4)岩溶堆积型铝土矿的厂址选择问题实际上就是一个矿山物流优化问题,是一个厂址选择、运输、生产和氧化铝厂工艺需求的综合匹配问题。而矿山开采系统实际上是一个典型的灰色系统。本文引入灰色规划的方法体系,建立基于灰参数的厂址选择与配矿综合优化模型,然后利用先进的运筹学优化软件FICO Xpress-MP进行优化计算,得到最佳厂址以及铝土矿开采长远规划,同时保证了矿山开发的经济性和矿石供应的稳定持久性。
(5)提出岩溶堆积型铝土矿采场配矿和堆场配矿联合技术体系,对配矿联合作用模式下采场配矿计划功效以及堆场配矿的缓冲调节功效进行分析。同时利用FICO Xpress-MP构建岩溶堆积型铝土矿采场配矿灰色多目标规划数学模型和堆场配矿数学模型,从而实现了岩溶堆积型铝土矿配矿优化的体系化和模型化。
Pingguo bauxite is the karst accumulated bauxite which is exploited firstly in the world. The ore is widely distributed with large reserves and tremendous economic value. The quality of the ore grade changes greatly, the aluminum-silicon ratio is distributed from3.92to33.93. Guangxi Branch of Aluminum Corporation of China uses the pure Bayer process for the alumina production. The bauxite with Al-Si ratio below7is not suitable for the alumina production. In order to ensure the sustainable use of bauxite resources, the exploitation of karst accumulated bauxite should be systematically and reach the global optimization.
On the basis of the concept of sustainable use of resources, the paper used scientific method of systems engineering, gray system theory, multi-objective decision-making and logistics planning theory, to make the research on karst accumulated bauxite production process systems modeling and optimization. Firstly, karst accumulation bauxite resources and mining conditions were analyzed systematically. Secondly the gray analytic hierarchy process was used to select the major mining process, while the gray fuzzy comprehensive decision-making model was used to choose the stripping equipment suitable for the exploitation process. Thirdly, the0-1integer programming model with gray parameter was constructed. In the model, the site selection and the ore blending were combined. The best site of accumulated bauxite as well as long-term production planning program were got by the advanced operations optimization software FICO MP-Xpress. Finally, on the basis of long-term planning, the accumulated bauxite blending system combined with stope and yard was analyzed. By the gray goal programming theory, the stope and yard ore blending mathematical model for the accumulate bauxite were constructed. The model could guarantee the comprehensive utilization of bauxite resources and provide the stable supply of ore grade alumina in long term. The main research results were as follows:
(1) After the exploration and geological survey of the ore body of Pingguo Taiping south, the occurrence condition, regional geological, geological features and hydrogeology condition of the ore deposit were studied, reserves and industrial index were got. The ore supply ability and quality are researched. The resource conditions, mining conditions, and external construction conditions were analyzed. The result shows that the accumulated bauxite in mine design has high economic value and it can meet the production requirements.
(2) Considering the main characteristics of karst accumulated bauxite, the AHP-GRAM evaluation model for mining technology selection of karst accumulated bauxite was proposed. Firstly, the main influential factors of mining method selection were analyzed. Secondly, by using the system engineering, grey system theory and scientific decision-making method, the mining method and mining process were optimized to meet the needs of the project. And then, the open pit boundary of the accumulated bauxite was analyzed and the boundary parameters were studied. Finally, the production scale and service life of the mining area were determined.
(3) The deposit geological characteristics, geology and hydrological characteristics, the existing mining machinery equipment, the mining methods, and the ore quality requirements of alumina plant were analyzed. Combining with the related physical and mechanical properties of the ore-body and surrounding rock medium, reference to the similar mining technical conditions at home and abroad, on the basis of the mining equipment selection principles for accumulated bauxite, the systematic science method such as grey system theory, fuzzy mathematics theory, and operational research were used comprehensively to establish the grey fuzzy comprehensive decision model for the mining equipments for accumulated bauxite. The model could select the main technical equipments for the mining area.
(4) The site selection problem of karst accumulated bauxite is actually a mining logistics optimization problem. It is comprehensive optimization problem on site selection, transportation, production and alumina plant process need. The mining process system is actually a typical gray system. By introducing the method of gray planning system, the optimization model on site selection and ore blending with gray parameters was built. After the optimization calculation by advanced operations research software FICO Xpress-MP, the best site and the long-term planning of bauxite mining were got. The model ensures the economy of mine development and stable persistence of ore supply.
(5) The united technology system on stope and yard ore blending of karst accumulated bauxite was proposed. The paper made the analysis on the planning efficiency of stope ore blending and buffer-regulating efficiency of yard ore blending under the combined effects mode. By taking advantage of FICO Xpress-MP, the gray multi-objective programming model for stope ore blending and mathematical model for yard ore blending were built. The study makes the karst accumulated bauxite ore blending problem turn systematism and modeling.
引文
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