基于数字图像处理的摄像机跟踪系统
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摘要
本文研究了虚拟演播室关键技术之一的摄像机跟踪技术，通过比较以往的摄像机跟踪系统的优缺点，并在此基础上提出了一种新的摄像机跟踪方案。从新的角度考虑问题，提出了以天花板为参照。为了降低摄像机跟踪系统的成本，满足系统实时性及精确性的要求设计天花板的图案。固连在主摄像机上的辅助摄像机拍摄天花板的图像，通过分析图像的特点选取滤波算法。为了提高计算速度，满足实时性要求，提出了选取一小部分图像进行处理的思想。比较图像边缘检测sobel算子及电荷耦合器件CCD角度考虑的两种算法，选取了一种精度较高的边缘检测的算法。图像边缘检测后进行hongh变换获取直线方程，在hough变换的基础上提出快速hough变换检测直线提高计算速度。获取直线方程后可计算两帧图像的对应特征点，根据对应特征点计算图像的二维位置参数和旋转角度。依照图像与摄像机的坐标关系可得出摄像机的二维位置参数和摄像机的旋转角度。
Camera Tracking System that is one of the key technologies in the Virtual Studio is studied in the paper. Compared with prevent works, the new Camera Tracking is brought forward in the thesis. It is new way that is referred to the image of ceiling to design the camera tracking system. To cut down the cost of the system, to meet require of real-time and accuracy the image of ceiling is designed.
Assistant camera that fasten the main camera shoot ceiling. The shot images are analyzed and the better filter arithmetic of is chosen. To compute a small part of the image can reduce the work time of the system and it is a new way to prove the rate of the system.
Comparing with the Sobel operator and the imaging the theory of CCD Array gets the better Edge detection
Image edges are computed by the Edge detection of the CCD array. And the points correspondences can gained by Hough transform. At last it can gain the position parameters of the main camera.
Camera Tracking System that is one of the key technologies in the Virtual Studio is studied in the paper. Compared with prevent works, the new Camera Tracking is brought forward in the thesis. It is new way that is referred to the image of ceiling to design the camera tracking system. To cut down the cost of the system, to meet require of real-time and accuracy the image of ceiling is designed.
Assistant camera that fasten the main camera shoot ceiling. The shot images are analyzed and the better filter arithmetic of is chosen. To compute a small part of the image can reduce the work time of the system and it is a new way to prove the rate of the system.
Comparing with the Sobel operator and the imaging the theory of CCD Array gets the better Edge detection
Image edges are computed by the Edge detection of the CCD array. And the points correspondences can gained by Hough transform. At last it can gain the position parameters of the main camera.
引文
[1] 阮秋琦 《数字图像处理学》电子工业出版社
[2] 李智勇、沈振康、杨卫平等 著 《动态图像分析》国防工业出版社1999年。
[3] 赵荣椿 等编著 《数字图象处理导论》西北工业大学出版社2000年8月。
[4] 王耀南 编著 《计算机图像处理与识别技术》高等教育出版社2000年。
[5] 陈杨、陈荣娟、郭颖辉 等编著 《MATLAB 6.X图形编程与图像处理》西安电子科技大学出版社2002年。
[6] 王强，胡维平，陆志敏等 《HOUGHN变换实时检测算法研究》[M]计算机工程与设计 Vol．22 No．3
[7] M.Spetsakis and Aloimonos, "Structure from motion using line xorrespondences," Int.j. Comput. Vis., vol. 16, pp. 171-183, 1990.
[8] Yiannis S.Cirouhakis, Athanasios. Drosopoulos, and Anastasios N. Delopooulos, "Efficie nt Optical Camera Tracking in Virtual Sets," Member. IEEE. vol. 10, pp 609-622, 2001.
[9] S.Gibbs, C.Arapis, C.Breiteneder, V. Lalioti, S.Mostafawy, and J.Speier. "Virtual studios: An overview," IEEE Multimedia, vol.5, no. 1, pp. 18-35, 1998.
[10] M.Hayashi, "Image compositing based on virtual cameras," IEEE Mulstmedia, vol.5, no. 1, pp. 36-48, 1998.
[11] Y. Liu, T.S.Huang, and O.D.Faugeras, "Determination of camera location from 2-D to 3-D line and point correspondences," IEEE Trans. Pattem Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 12, pp.28-37, Jan. 1990.
[12] J.M.Mendel, "Tutorial in higher order statistics (spectra) in signal processing and system theory. Theoretical results and some applications," Proc. IEEE, vol.79, pp.278-305, 1991.
[13] M.Spetsakix and J.Aloimonos, "Structuree from motion using line
correspondences," Int.J.Comput.Vis., vol.4, pp. 171-183, 1990.
[14] Y. Xirouhakis, A. Drosopoulos, and A.Delopoulos, "A novel approach for the estimation of camera motion in virtual studios application," in Int. Vorkshop Synthtic-Natural Hybird Coding 3-D Imaging (IWSNHC3-DI'99), Santorini, Greece, Sept. 1999.
[15] 何斌，马天予等．《Visual C++数字图像处理》，人民邮电出版社。
[16] 罗映辉．《虚拟演播室几种摄像机定位技术的比较分析》广播与电视技术，2002，5：88-92．
[17] 朱勇．虚拟演播室系统及其关键技术．江苏广播电视大学学报
[18] 伍红兵 《Visual C++编程深入引导》，中国水利水电出版社。
[19] 史册，徐胜荣等 《实时图象处理中一种快速的直线检测算法》浙江大学学报Vol．33 No．5
[20] 刘君华 《智能传感器系统》西安电子科技大学出版社
[21] 汪国秀 《虚拟演播室的研究与探索》现代教育技术Vol．37 No．4
[22] 朱永 《虚拟演播室的选形参考》江苏广播大学学报Vol．12 No．6
[23] 罗映辉 《虚拟演播室几种摄像机定位技术的比较分析》
[24] 凌贤伍、吴永礼著 《Visual c++ 6.0学习教程》1998年12月。
[25] [Online] Available http://www.orad.co.il
[2] 李智勇、沈振康、杨卫平等 著 《动态图像分析》国防工业出版社1999年。
[3] 赵荣椿 等编著 《数字图象处理导论》西北工业大学出版社2000年8月。
[4] 王耀南 编著 《计算机图像处理与识别技术》高等教育出版社2000年。
[5] 陈杨、陈荣娟、郭颖辉 等编著 《MATLAB 6.X图形编程与图像处理》西安电子科技大学出版社2002年。
[6] 王强，胡维平，陆志敏等 《HOUGHN变换实时检测算法研究》[M]计算机工程与设计 Vol．22 No．3
[7] M.Spetsakis and Aloimonos, "Structure from motion using line xorrespondences," Int.j. Comput. Vis., vol. 16, pp. 171-183, 1990.
[8] Yiannis S.Cirouhakis, Athanasios. Drosopoulos, and Anastasios N. Delopooulos, "Efficie nt Optical Camera Tracking in Virtual Sets," Member. IEEE. vol. 10, pp 609-622, 2001.
[9] S.Gibbs, C.Arapis, C.Breiteneder, V. Lalioti, S.Mostafawy, and J.Speier. "Virtual studios: An overview," IEEE Multimedia, vol.5, no. 1, pp. 18-35, 1998.
[10] M.Hayashi, "Image compositing based on virtual cameras," IEEE Mulstmedia, vol.5, no. 1, pp. 36-48, 1998.
[11] Y. Liu, T.S.Huang, and O.D.Faugeras, "Determination of camera location from 2-D to 3-D line and point correspondences," IEEE Trans. Pattem Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 12, pp.28-37, Jan. 1990.
[12] J.M.Mendel, "Tutorial in higher order statistics (spectra) in signal processing and system theory. Theoretical results and some applications," Proc. IEEE, vol.79, pp.278-305, 1991.
[13] M.Spetsakix and J.Aloimonos, "Structuree from motion using line
correspondences," Int.J.Comput.Vis., vol.4, pp. 171-183, 1990.
[14] Y. Xirouhakis, A. Drosopoulos, and A.Delopoulos, "A novel approach for the estimation of camera motion in virtual studios application," in Int. Vorkshop Synthtic-Natural Hybird Coding 3-D Imaging (IWSNHC3-DI'99), Santorini, Greece, Sept. 1999.
[15] 何斌，马天予等．《Visual C++数字图像处理》，人民邮电出版社。
[16] 罗映辉．《虚拟演播室几种摄像机定位技术的比较分析》广播与电视技术，2002，5：88-92．
[17] 朱勇．虚拟演播室系统及其关键技术．江苏广播电视大学学报
[18] 伍红兵 《Visual C++编程深入引导》，中国水利水电出版社。
[19] 史册，徐胜荣等 《实时图象处理中一种快速的直线检测算法》浙江大学学报Vol．33 No．5
[20] 刘君华 《智能传感器系统》西安电子科技大学出版社
[21] 汪国秀 《虚拟演播室的研究与探索》现代教育技术Vol．37 No．4
[22] 朱永 《虚拟演播室的选形参考》江苏广播大学学报Vol．12 No．6
[23] 罗映辉 《虚拟演播室几种摄像机定位技术的比较分析》
[24] 凌贤伍、吴永礼著 《Visual c++ 6.0学习教程》1998年12月。
[25] [Online] Available http://www.orad.co.il
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