复合变质剂对Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni合金组织及性能影响的研究
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摘要
目前国内外应用最为广泛的活塞材料是含硅量为12%左右的共晶型铝硅合金,这种合金具有优越的铸造性能,热膨胀系数小,密度小以及耐磨性能好等特点,可以满足一般内燃机的需要,但是随着内燃机的发展,对活塞的机械性能尤其是高温性能要求越来越高,如何提高活塞材料的高温机械性能成为近年来研究的焦点。
在铝硅合金中添加强化元素是提高铝硅活塞材料高温性能常用的方法,例如在合金中加入Cu、Ni等强化元素,这些元素在合金中可生成多种化合物强化相来提高活塞合金的高温性能。
含B、Ti等元素的中间合金是铝硅合金常用且有效的晶粒细化剂,其中应用最多的就是Al-5Ti-1B,而P元素能有效改变硅相的形态,减小其对基体性能的削弱作用,特别是将Al-Ti-B中间合金加入到经P变质剂变质处理过的Al-Si活塞合金中可进一步细化其中的共晶团和初晶硅。混合稀土对铝硅合金也能起到良好的变质作用,特别是对合金高温性能的提高影响较大,并且稀土变质剂具有长效性和重熔稳定性。分别对变质剂合金进行熔体快淬处理,将其快淬成非晶,纳米晶或微晶薄带状加入到基体合金中,能更有效地起到变质作用,显著改善合金中组织,提高合金力学性能。
本论文首先将Cu-Ni中间合金加入到ZL108合金中,制备成新型合金Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni,然后采用不同含量的熔体快淬Al-5Ti-1B、Cu-P中间合金及混合稀土合金对其进行变质,并对变质后的合金进行显微组织观察和力学性能检测,与未经变质合金及经普通块状合金变质的效果进行比较。分析可知,经微量快淬处理的变质剂变质的Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni合金显微组织明显细化,综合力学性能得到提高,尤其是经快淬稀土变质的合金高温性能显著提高。并分析被变质合金强化机理。
Eeutectic Al-Si alloy with 12% silicon, as the piston material, is most widely used at home and abroad. This alloy can meet the general internal combustion engines characterized by excellent casting property, a low thermal expansion coefficient, low density and good wear resistance etc. However, with the development of the internal combustion engine, mechanical properties and high-temperature performance in particular are increasingly demanded. So, improving the high-temperature mechanical properties of piston materials become the focus of research in recent years.
Adding strengthening elements into Al-Si alloy is commonly used method for improving the high temperature properties of Al-Si piston materials. For example, Cu、Ni and other strengthening elements are added into the Al-Si alloy. These elements can generate high-temperature strengthening phase in the alloy to improve high-temperature properties of piston alloys.
Master alloy containing B, Ti and other alloy elements are commonly used as the effective grain refiner in Al-Si alloys. As matter of fact, the most widely used grain refiner is Al-5Ti-1B alloy. Besides, the P element can effectively change the shape of silicon phase and reduce its weakening effect on matrix structure. Especially adding the Al-Ti-B master alloy to Al-Si piston alloy modifiered by P element can further refine the eutectic cell and primary silicon. Mischmetal can also play a good metamorphism on the Al-Si alloy, especially for enhancing the high-temperature properties of alloys, and the rare-earth modifier has a long-term stability and remelting. Modifier alloys were prepared by melt-spun, made of amorphous, nanocrystalline or microcrystalline thin strips, then which were added to the matrix alloy to serve metamorphism more effectively, significantly improve the microstrctures and increase the mechanical properties of alloys.
In this paper, the Cu-Ni master alloys were added into the ZL108 alloy, so a new type of Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni melt was fabricated out, and then put the melt-spun Al-5Ti-1B, Cu-P master alloy and mischmetal as the compound modifier into the matrix melt to generate the metamorphosing effect. It was compared that the effects of metamorphism using unmetamorphic alloy with that metamorphosed using ordinary bulk alloy by observing both microstructure and testing both mechanical properties.Analysing results indicated that the microstructure and general mechanical properties of Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni alloy metamorphosed by the trace of the rapid quenching treatment modifier were better, especially the high temperature properties of alloys modifiered by the rapid quenching mischmetal had been improved significantly. At last, strengthening mechanism of Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni alloy metamorphosed by this new compound modifier was studied in this paper.
在铝硅合金中添加强化元素是提高铝硅活塞材料高温性能常用的方法,例如在合金中加入Cu、Ni等强化元素,这些元素在合金中可生成多种化合物强化相来提高活塞合金的高温性能。
含B、Ti等元素的中间合金是铝硅合金常用且有效的晶粒细化剂,其中应用最多的就是Al-5Ti-1B,而P元素能有效改变硅相的形态,减小其对基体性能的削弱作用,特别是将Al-Ti-B中间合金加入到经P变质剂变质处理过的Al-Si活塞合金中可进一步细化其中的共晶团和初晶硅。混合稀土对铝硅合金也能起到良好的变质作用,特别是对合金高温性能的提高影响较大,并且稀土变质剂具有长效性和重熔稳定性。分别对变质剂合金进行熔体快淬处理,将其快淬成非晶,纳米晶或微晶薄带状加入到基体合金中,能更有效地起到变质作用,显著改善合金中组织,提高合金力学性能。
本论文首先将Cu-Ni中间合金加入到ZL108合金中,制备成新型合金Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni,然后采用不同含量的熔体快淬Al-5Ti-1B、Cu-P中间合金及混合稀土合金对其进行变质,并对变质后的合金进行显微组织观察和力学性能检测,与未经变质合金及经普通块状合金变质的效果进行比较。分析可知,经微量快淬处理的变质剂变质的Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni合金显微组织明显细化,综合力学性能得到提高,尤其是经快淬稀土变质的合金高温性能显著提高。并分析被变质合金强化机理。
Eeutectic Al-Si alloy with 12% silicon, as the piston material, is most widely used at home and abroad. This alloy can meet the general internal combustion engines characterized by excellent casting property, a low thermal expansion coefficient, low density and good wear resistance etc. However, with the development of the internal combustion engine, mechanical properties and high-temperature performance in particular are increasingly demanded. So, improving the high-temperature mechanical properties of piston materials become the focus of research in recent years.
Adding strengthening elements into Al-Si alloy is commonly used method for improving the high temperature properties of Al-Si piston materials. For example, Cu、Ni and other strengthening elements are added into the Al-Si alloy. These elements can generate high-temperature strengthening phase in the alloy to improve high-temperature properties of piston alloys.
Master alloy containing B, Ti and other alloy elements are commonly used as the effective grain refiner in Al-Si alloys. As matter of fact, the most widely used grain refiner is Al-5Ti-1B alloy. Besides, the P element can effectively change the shape of silicon phase and reduce its weakening effect on matrix structure. Especially adding the Al-Ti-B master alloy to Al-Si piston alloy modifiered by P element can further refine the eutectic cell and primary silicon. Mischmetal can also play a good metamorphism on the Al-Si alloy, especially for enhancing the high-temperature properties of alloys, and the rare-earth modifier has a long-term stability and remelting. Modifier alloys were prepared by melt-spun, made of amorphous, nanocrystalline or microcrystalline thin strips, then which were added to the matrix alloy to serve metamorphism more effectively, significantly improve the microstrctures and increase the mechanical properties of alloys.
In this paper, the Cu-Ni master alloys were added into the ZL108 alloy, so a new type of Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni melt was fabricated out, and then put the melt-spun Al-5Ti-1B, Cu-P master alloy and mischmetal as the compound modifier into the matrix melt to generate the metamorphosing effect. It was compared that the effects of metamorphism using unmetamorphic alloy with that metamorphosed using ordinary bulk alloy by observing both microstructure and testing both mechanical properties.Analysing results indicated that the microstructure and general mechanical properties of Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni alloy metamorphosed by the trace of the rapid quenching treatment modifier were better, especially the high temperature properties of alloys modifiered by the rapid quenching mischmetal had been improved significantly. At last, strengthening mechanism of Al-13.5Si-3.0Cu-1.5Ni alloy metamorphosed by this new compound modifier was studied in this paper.
引文
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