变质细化自生稀土化合物增强铝基复合材料的研究
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摘要
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ZL108合金是发动机活塞的常用合金,因其密度小、热膨胀系数低、耐磨性好而展现出良好的应用前景。铝活塞是发动机的心脏,其质量的好坏直接影响到发动机的性能。以往采用ZL108合金铸造铝活塞,虽然这种合金具有优良的铸造性能和机械加工性能好等优点,但随着发动机不断向高温、高压方向发展,对活塞的性能提出了更高的要求。因此有必要深入研究如何提高铝活塞的力学性能尤其是高温性能。
稀土元素对共晶硅有较强的细化作用,且变质具有长效性,能显著提高合金的力学性能。稀土变质处理的Al-Si合金活塞不仅有良好的室温性能,还能提高合金的高温强度。对铝稀土中间合金进行快速凝固处理,把铝稀土中间合金快淬成非晶、纳米晶或微晶再加入工作合金中进行变质提高合金的高温性能。
本文采用快速凝固Al-Re(Ce,La)中间合金对ZL108合金进行了变质处理,然后对变质后的ZL108合金试样进行了显微组织观察和性能检测,并与加入普通块状Al-Re合金变质的ZL108合金进行了对比。结果表明,与加入块状的Al-La变质剂相比,加入快速凝固Al-La变质处理的ZL108合金,组织中的共晶硅得到了更好的细化,综合力学性能得到了更大的提高。因此快速凝固Al-La合金变质处理可更好的提高ZL108合金的综合力学性能。运用扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能测试等手段研究了稀土元素在ZL108铝合金中的作用,结果表明稀土元素的加入不但明显降低了ZL108铝合金铸件的孔隙率,还对第二相存在变质作用,使第二相粒子由原来的骨骼状变为细条状。用快速凝固Al-Ti-B、Cu-P和Al-La中间合金对新型耐热铝合金进行了变质处理,然后对变质后的新型耐热铝合金试样进行了显微组织观察和性能检测。与加入传统块状Al-Ti-B、Cu-P和Al-La合金复合变质剂的铝合金相比,加入新变质剂变质处理的铝合金组织得到了更好的细化。
ZL108 alloy is the common alloy used in engine piston. Because its small density, low thermal dilation coefficient and excellent wearablity open out favorable foreground. Aluminium piston is heart of the engine, which quality mostly influence the properties of the engine. ZL108 alloy was used to cast aluminium piston ever, which has excellent foundry performance and mechanical properities, but the constant development of automobile engine towards high speed and high pressure leads to higher and higher demands for properties of engine piston. So it is necessary to further research how to increase the mechanical capability especially high temperature performance.
The lanthanide can effectively modify the morphology of eutectic Si phase in aluminium alloys and have long effect, which enhance mechanical capability of the alloy greatly. The Al-Si alloy piston which modified by lanthanide not only has well room temperature performance, but also increases high temperature of the alloy. Al-Re alloy was rapidy solidificated, so its microstructure was turned into amorphous state, nanocrystal or minicrystal. Adding the rapidly solidificated Al-Re alloy into task alloy ,the high temperature properties of Al alloy as-cast could be increased the effectively.
Modified by Melt Rapid Solidification (MRS) Al-Re (Ce, La) inoculant alloy, the microstructure of the modified ZL108 alloy was observed by using SEM, and properties was compared. The results show that the microstructure of the modified alloy is refined, and the mechanical properties are much better than that of modified by traditional Al-Re (Ce, La) massive inoculant alloy. Therefore, the MRS Al-Re (Ce, La) modification could improve greatly the performances of ZL108 alloy.The function of lanthanide in ZL108 alloy were studied by using SEM, EDAX and tensile and wearing tests. It shows that adding to lanthanide not only reduce ZL108 alloy casting porosity greatly, but also modificate secondry phase. It makes the secondry phase from skeleton to fine. New type heat-resistant aluminium alloy was modified by using MRS Al- La, MRS Al-Ti-B and MRS Cu-P Multiplex modificator, then the microstructure of the new type heat-resistant aluminium alloy was observed and its properties was tested. The results indicate that the microstructure of Al alloy modified by new inoculant are much better than that of modified by traditional Al- La ,Al-Ti-B, Cu-P multiplex modificator.
ZL108合金是发动机活塞的常用合金,因其密度小、热膨胀系数低、耐磨性好而展现出良好的应用前景。铝活塞是发动机的心脏,其质量的好坏直接影响到发动机的性能。以往采用ZL108合金铸造铝活塞,虽然这种合金具有优良的铸造性能和机械加工性能好等优点,但随着发动机不断向高温、高压方向发展,对活塞的性能提出了更高的要求。因此有必要深入研究如何提高铝活塞的力学性能尤其是高温性能。
稀土元素对共晶硅有较强的细化作用,且变质具有长效性,能显著提高合金的力学性能。稀土变质处理的Al-Si合金活塞不仅有良好的室温性能,还能提高合金的高温强度。对铝稀土中间合金进行快速凝固处理,把铝稀土中间合金快淬成非晶、纳米晶或微晶再加入工作合金中进行变质提高合金的高温性能。
本文采用快速凝固Al-Re(Ce,La)中间合金对ZL108合金进行了变质处理,然后对变质后的ZL108合金试样进行了显微组织观察和性能检测,并与加入普通块状Al-Re合金变质的ZL108合金进行了对比。结果表明,与加入块状的Al-La变质剂相比,加入快速凝固Al-La变质处理的ZL108合金,组织中的共晶硅得到了更好的细化,综合力学性能得到了更大的提高。因此快速凝固Al-La合金变质处理可更好的提高ZL108合金的综合力学性能。运用扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能测试等手段研究了稀土元素在ZL108铝合金中的作用,结果表明稀土元素的加入不但明显降低了ZL108铝合金铸件的孔隙率,还对第二相存在变质作用,使第二相粒子由原来的骨骼状变为细条状。用快速凝固Al-Ti-B、Cu-P和Al-La中间合金对新型耐热铝合金进行了变质处理,然后对变质后的新型耐热铝合金试样进行了显微组织观察和性能检测。与加入传统块状Al-Ti-B、Cu-P和Al-La合金复合变质剂的铝合金相比,加入新变质剂变质处理的铝合金组织得到了更好的细化。
ZL108 alloy is the common alloy used in engine piston. Because its small density, low thermal dilation coefficient and excellent wearablity open out favorable foreground. Aluminium piston is heart of the engine, which quality mostly influence the properties of the engine. ZL108 alloy was used to cast aluminium piston ever, which has excellent foundry performance and mechanical properities, but the constant development of automobile engine towards high speed and high pressure leads to higher and higher demands for properties of engine piston. So it is necessary to further research how to increase the mechanical capability especially high temperature performance.
The lanthanide can effectively modify the morphology of eutectic Si phase in aluminium alloys and have long effect, which enhance mechanical capability of the alloy greatly. The Al-Si alloy piston which modified by lanthanide not only has well room temperature performance, but also increases high temperature of the alloy. Al-Re alloy was rapidy solidificated, so its microstructure was turned into amorphous state, nanocrystal or minicrystal. Adding the rapidly solidificated Al-Re alloy into task alloy ,the high temperature properties of Al alloy as-cast could be increased the effectively.
Modified by Melt Rapid Solidification (MRS) Al-Re (Ce, La) inoculant alloy, the microstructure of the modified ZL108 alloy was observed by using SEM, and properties was compared. The results show that the microstructure of the modified alloy is refined, and the mechanical properties are much better than that of modified by traditional Al-Re (Ce, La) massive inoculant alloy. Therefore, the MRS Al-Re (Ce, La) modification could improve greatly the performances of ZL108 alloy.The function of lanthanide in ZL108 alloy were studied by using SEM, EDAX and tensile and wearing tests. It shows that adding to lanthanide not only reduce ZL108 alloy casting porosity greatly, but also modificate secondry phase. It makes the secondry phase from skeleton to fine. New type heat-resistant aluminium alloy was modified by using MRS Al- La, MRS Al-Ti-B and MRS Cu-P Multiplex modificator, then the microstructure of the new type heat-resistant aluminium alloy was observed and its properties was tested. The results indicate that the microstructure of Al alloy modified by new inoculant are much better than that of modified by traditional Al- La ,Al-Ti-B, Cu-P multiplex modificator.
引文
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[3]李沛勇,贾均.亚共晶Al-Si合金熔体处理的研究进展,特种铸造及有色合金(J),1997(2):36～39
[4]边秀房,邹新国,刘广荣,刘相法,马家骥.金属晶粒自身细化(J).金属学报,1997,33 (6):602～608
[5]张建新,钟建华.用于铝合金晶粒细化的中间合金研究现状及分析(J).铝加工,2002,(1),24～26
[6]张建新等.微量添加剂对铝合金晶粒细化的工艺探讨.有色金属,2002,5
[7] Lee MS,Terry BS.Materials Sciense&Technology,19(7):608～609
[8]朱云,谢旭红.稀土铝钛硼晶粒细化剂的生产及其应用.轻合金加工技术,1997,27(1):19～21
[9]娄菊红. Al-Ti-C和Al-Ti-B中间合金细化效果比较[J ].科学技术与工程,2005,5 (11) :740
[10] Lloyd. D.J. and Jin.I:Metall.Trans.A.1998,19
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