直燃式生物质发电厂集散控制系统
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摘要
本文以国能单县生物质发电厂主要发电生产的控制方案及系统配置为基础，以典型生物发电厂用集散控制系统为对象，阐述了在生物质发电厂在实际应用中，在实用性、安全性、稳定性、经济性等诸方面的优势。说明并分析了已运行的典型生物质发电厂集散系统的主要特点，就DCS系统在生物质发电厂中的应用推广做了深入研究。
论文首先介绍了目前生物质发电厂在国际和国内的应用情况。并对生物质发电厂在国内的未来发展方向进行了探讨。其次，分析讨论了直燃式生物质发电厂的工艺技术和系统结构特点，着重分析了直燃式循环流化床锅炉的最佳燃烧控制方法。论文在以上工艺和控制要求的基础上，以奥地利贝加莱(B&R)APROL集散控制系统为例，研究分析了集散控制系统(DCS)目前在发电厂中的应用情况，以及各主要技术特点。为今后国内生物质发电厂的控制技术的发展提供了参考依据。
This thesis is concerned with the control project and system configuration for major electric power generation in the Guoneng Shanxian Biomass Power Plant. Focusing on the terminal controlling system in a typical station that uses bio substances for power generation, we studied advantages of such a station in application, safety, stability, and economization. Moreover, our study provided references for the application of the DCS system in stations that characterize power generation from bio substances, through an analysis to the characteristics of the terminal system in operation in Guoneng Shanxian Biomass Power Plant.
The thesis contains six chapters. The first chapter presents an introduction to the application of power generation using bio substances both in China and in the world. Future development of a bio-power station in the country is also proposed. Next, characteristics of technology and system structures of direct burn biomass power plant are discussed, with an emphasis on the optimal combustion-controlling method for the circulating fluidized bed boiler. The water level of steam drum of biomass power plant is also investigated. All discussion and analysis are based on the distribution control system (DCS) manufactured by Austria B&R automation APROL DCS. In conclusion, our study does not only investigate the current application and major technological characteristics of distribution control system (DCS) in power-generating stations, but also provides references for the development of the controlling technology in biomass power plant in China.
论文首先介绍了目前生物质发电厂在国际和国内的应用情况。并对生物质发电厂在国内的未来发展方向进行了探讨。其次，分析讨论了直燃式生物质发电厂的工艺技术和系统结构特点，着重分析了直燃式循环流化床锅炉的最佳燃烧控制方法。论文在以上工艺和控制要求的基础上，以奥地利贝加莱(B&R)APROL集散控制系统为例，研究分析了集散控制系统(DCS)目前在发电厂中的应用情况，以及各主要技术特点。为今后国内生物质发电厂的控制技术的发展提供了参考依据。
This thesis is concerned with the control project and system configuration for major electric power generation in the Guoneng Shanxian Biomass Power Plant. Focusing on the terminal controlling system in a typical station that uses bio substances for power generation, we studied advantages of such a station in application, safety, stability, and economization. Moreover, our study provided references for the application of the DCS system in stations that characterize power generation from bio substances, through an analysis to the characteristics of the terminal system in operation in Guoneng Shanxian Biomass Power Plant.
The thesis contains six chapters. The first chapter presents an introduction to the application of power generation using bio substances both in China and in the world. Future development of a bio-power station in the country is also proposed. Next, characteristics of technology and system structures of direct burn biomass power plant are discussed, with an emphasis on the optimal combustion-controlling method for the circulating fluidized bed boiler. The water level of steam drum of biomass power plant is also investigated. All discussion and analysis are based on the distribution control system (DCS) manufactured by Austria B&R automation APROL DCS. In conclusion, our study does not only investigate the current application and major technological characteristics of distribution control system (DCS) in power-generating stations, but also provides references for the development of the controlling technology in biomass power plant in China.
引文
[1] Lars Nikolaisen. Straw for Energy Production Technology Environment Economy [R]. Denmark: the Center for Biomass Technology, 1998.53.
[2] Hellwig G. Basic of the Combustion of Wood and Straw [A]. Energy from Biomass: 3rd E.C. Conference. London: Elsevier Applied Science Pub, 1985.793～801.
[3] Werther J, Saenger M, Hartge E U, et al. Combustion of agricultural residues[J]. Progress in Energy and CombustionScience, 2000,26:1～27.
[4] vander Lans RP, Pedersen LT, Jensen A, etal. Modelling and Experiments of Straw Combustion in a grate Furnace [J].Biomass & Bioenergy, 2000, 19:199～208.
[5] 中国农业工程研究设计院，北京农业大学．农村能源手册(第3册)[M]．北京：农业出版社，1993．47～49．
[6] 常弘哲等．燃料与燃烧[M]．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1993．190．
[7] 李之光，范柏祥．工业锅炉手册[M]．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1988．1042．
[8] 李子连，王汉生火电厂热工自动化的发展、现状及前景，中国电力，1996
[9] 金以慧．过程控制：北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[10] 王常力、廖道文．集散型控制系统的设计与应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[11] 吴创之．欧洲生物质能利用的研究现状及特点(J)．新能源，1999．3：30-35．
[12] 夏光喜，庄新妹，杨柏成等．国外先进的生物质气化发电技术(J)．农村能源，1999，4：19-21．
[13] 冬树声．西欧三国生物质能技术考察情况(J)．农村能源，1997．5．
[14] 纪伟．生物质能发电技术发展现状(J)．山东煤炭科技，2005,4：45-46．
[15] 吴文渊，鲍亦令，韩振波，等．采用流化床技术开发利用生物质能(J)．新能源，1994，16(10)：12-15．
[16] 姚向君，田宜水编著．生物质能资源清洁转化利用技术(M)．北京：化学工业 出版社，2005．153-157．
[17] 阴秀丽．固体生物质循环流化床气化炉数学模型的研究(D)．广州：中国科学院广州能源研究所，1993．
[18] 王智微，唐松涛等．流化床中生物质热解气化的模型研究(J)．燃料化学学报，2002，30(4)：342-346．
[19] 吴创之，罗曾凡，等．生物质循环流化床气化的理论及应用(J)．煤气与热力，1995，15(5)：3-7．
[20] 林文孚，胡燕．单元机组自动控制技术(M)北京：中国电力出版，2003
[21] 何克忠．计算机控制系统(M)北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[22] 邵裕森．过程控制工程(M)北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[23] 龚克吉．热工自动技术问答(M)北京：水利电力出版社，1994
[24] 李士勇．模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论(M)哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996
[25] 杨献勇主编．热工过程自动控制(M)北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[26] 尹朝庆，尹皓．人工智能与专家系统(M)北京：中国水力电力出版社，2002
[27] 刘德昌．流化床燃烧技术的工业应用(M)．北京：中国电力出版社，1998．
[28] 牛培峰等．循环流化床锅炉热工自动控制系统与展望(M)．动力工程，1998(6)．
[29] 岑可法．锅炉燃烧试验研究方法及测量技术(M)．水利电力出版社，1987
[30] 朱珍锦．600MW 锅炉炉内气流流动特性的数值模拟 上海电力学院学报，1996
[31] 李士勇．智能控制理论 哈尔滨 哈尔滨工业大学出版社
[32] 岑可法，樊建人．燃烧流体力学 水利电力出版社，1991
[33] 王照林．现代控制理论 北京：国防工业出版社 1990
[34] 陈来九．热工过程自动调节原理与应用 北京；水利电力出版社 1982
[35] VISIOLI AlTuning of PID controllers with fuzzy logic [J]. IEEP roconline, 2001 ,148 (1) :5-81
[36] Li Tianyou. A weighted algorithm of fuzzy logic strategy on water level control of steam generator [J]. The 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, San Diego, California USA, 1997
[37] D. Popovic and VP. Bhatkar, Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation[J], Marcel Dekker Inc., 1991,1 3-58
[38] Bhullar R.S... Strategies for Implementing Advanced Process Controls in a D CS[J],ISAT rans., 19 93.32:147-156
[39] D R Land. Select the Right Distributed Control System[J], Measurement and Control, 1991/5,7 6-77
[40] IEC6 0044-7 instrument transformers-Part 7 Electrical voltage transducers
[41] IEC6 0044-8 Ed 1 instrument transformers-Part 8 Electrical current transducers
[42] Shanley A.. Advanced Process Control System[J], Chem. Eng., 1991. 5, 2 8-29
[43] Zadeh L. A.. Fuzzy sets [M], Inf. And Contr., 1995,3 8-39
[44] De Silva C.. Fuzzy Logic in Process Control[J], Meas. & Contr., 1994.6, 114-115
[45] Loos J. R.. Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks [J ], In Tech., 1994.11,2 4-26
[46] Bechtold WR. .A Practical Guide to Expert System[J], I&CS., 1994.2,7 5-77
[47] Vaughn M.. PC Ruggedization [J], M&C., 19 95 .4,108-109
[2] Hellwig G. Basic of the Combustion of Wood and Straw [A]. Energy from Biomass: 3rd E.C. Conference. London: Elsevier Applied Science Pub, 1985.793～801.
[3] Werther J, Saenger M, Hartge E U, et al. Combustion of agricultural residues[J]. Progress in Energy and CombustionScience, 2000,26:1～27.
[4] vander Lans RP, Pedersen LT, Jensen A, etal. Modelling and Experiments of Straw Combustion in a grate Furnace [J].Biomass & Bioenergy, 2000, 19:199～208.
[5] 中国农业工程研究设计院，北京农业大学．农村能源手册(第3册)[M]．北京：农业出版社，1993．47～49．
[6] 常弘哲等．燃料与燃烧[M]．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1993．190．
[7] 李之光，范柏祥．工业锅炉手册[M]．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1988．1042．
[8] 李子连，王汉生火电厂热工自动化的发展、现状及前景，中国电力，1996
[9] 金以慧．过程控制：北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[10] 王常力、廖道文．集散型控制系统的设计与应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[11] 吴创之．欧洲生物质能利用的研究现状及特点(J)．新能源，1999．3：30-35．
[12] 夏光喜，庄新妹，杨柏成等．国外先进的生物质气化发电技术(J)．农村能源，1999，4：19-21．
[13] 冬树声．西欧三国生物质能技术考察情况(J)．农村能源，1997．5．
[14] 纪伟．生物质能发电技术发展现状(J)．山东煤炭科技，2005,4：45-46．
[15] 吴文渊，鲍亦令，韩振波，等．采用流化床技术开发利用生物质能(J)．新能源，1994，16(10)：12-15．
[16] 姚向君，田宜水编著．生物质能资源清洁转化利用技术(M)．北京：化学工业 出版社，2005．153-157．
[17] 阴秀丽．固体生物质循环流化床气化炉数学模型的研究(D)．广州：中国科学院广州能源研究所，1993．
[18] 王智微，唐松涛等．流化床中生物质热解气化的模型研究(J)．燃料化学学报，2002，30(4)：342-346．
[19] 吴创之，罗曾凡，等．生物质循环流化床气化的理论及应用(J)．煤气与热力，1995，15(5)：3-7．
[20] 林文孚，胡燕．单元机组自动控制技术(M)北京：中国电力出版，2003
[21] 何克忠．计算机控制系统(M)北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[22] 邵裕森．过程控制工程(M)北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[23] 龚克吉．热工自动技术问答(M)北京：水利电力出版社，1994
[24] 李士勇．模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论(M)哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996
[25] 杨献勇主编．热工过程自动控制(M)北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[26] 尹朝庆，尹皓．人工智能与专家系统(M)北京：中国水力电力出版社，2002
[27] 刘德昌．流化床燃烧技术的工业应用(M)．北京：中国电力出版社，1998．
[28] 牛培峰等．循环流化床锅炉热工自动控制系统与展望(M)．动力工程，1998(6)．
[29] 岑可法．锅炉燃烧试验研究方法及测量技术(M)．水利电力出版社，1987
[30] 朱珍锦．600MW 锅炉炉内气流流动特性的数值模拟 上海电力学院学报，1996
[31] 李士勇．智能控制理论 哈尔滨 哈尔滨工业大学出版社
[32] 岑可法，樊建人．燃烧流体力学 水利电力出版社，1991
[33] 王照林．现代控制理论 北京：国防工业出版社 1990
[34] 陈来九．热工过程自动调节原理与应用 北京；水利电力出版社 1982
[35] VISIOLI AlTuning of PID controllers with fuzzy logic [J]. IEEP roconline, 2001 ,148 (1) :5-81
[36] Li Tianyou. A weighted algorithm of fuzzy logic strategy on water level control of steam generator [J]. The 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, San Diego, California USA, 1997
[37] D. Popovic and VP. Bhatkar, Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation[J], Marcel Dekker Inc., 1991,1 3-58
[38] Bhullar R.S... Strategies for Implementing Advanced Process Controls in a D CS[J],ISAT rans., 19 93.32:147-156
[39] D R Land. Select the Right Distributed Control System[J], Measurement and Control, 1991/5,7 6-77
[40] IEC6 0044-7 instrument transformers-Part 7 Electrical voltage transducers
[41] IEC6 0044-8 Ed 1 instrument transformers-Part 8 Electrical current transducers
[42] Shanley A.. Advanced Process Control System[J], Chem. Eng., 1991. 5, 2 8-29
[43] Zadeh L. A.. Fuzzy sets [M], Inf. And Contr., 1995,3 8-39
[44] De Silva C.. Fuzzy Logic in Process Control[J], Meas. & Contr., 1994.6, 114-115
[45] Loos J. R.. Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks [J ], In Tech., 1994.11,2 4-26
[46] Bechtold WR. .A Practical Guide to Expert System[J], I&CS., 1994.2,7 5-77
[47] Vaughn M.. PC Ruggedization [J], M&C., 19 95 .4,108-109