中小型汽轮机液压调节系统故障分析与研究
|
摘要
本文首先从广泛意义上介绍了汽轮机调节系统的作用、基本原理及组成；中小型汽轮机全液压调节系统感应机构、传动放大机构、执行机构及反馈装置的介绍；调节系统静态特性曲线的形成及其两个重要衡量指标速度变动率和迟缓率的阐述；动态特性的概念、衡量指标、影响因素介绍及阐述；调节系统供油系统简介；对调节部套同步器的作用、结构和工作原理介绍；保护装置中对自动主汽门、危急遮断器及遮断油门、轴向位移遮断器、磁力断路油门等，从结构、动作原理、作用做了介绍。在此基础上，本文通过对中小型汽轮发电机组液压调节系统运行情况、存在问题进行了调查研究，针对中小型汽轮机组存在主要故障现象：液压调节系统在调试及正常运行时存在的调节系统工作不稳定；抽汽式机组调压器投入过程不稳定；轴向位移控制油压调整方法不科学；危急遮断器动作不正常等，从调节系统的基本原理及组成、部套结构及动作原理、安装、工艺设计及机组现场的运行条件等方面分析研究，利用因果图找出各种故障现象的末端因素，然后针对各末端因素分别制定了整改方案，并在实践中逐渐完善政改方案，很好地解决了上述问题，并在实际生产实践中都得到了很好的验证，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。
This paper gives an introduction to the function, basic principle and makeup of steam turbine regulating system, an introduction to induction device, transmission amplifying device, implement device and feedback device of medium and small-sized steam turbine's hydraulic regulating system, a representation of formation of static characteristic curve of regulating system and two important index- speed fluctuation rate and the dilatoriness rate, an introduction to the concept, measure index and influencing factor of dynamic characteristic, a brief introduction to oil-feed system, an introduction to function structure and work principle of synchronous machine, an introduction to function structure and work principle of automatic throttle urgent breaker, break throttling, axial position breaker, magnetic break throttling in protection device. On this foundation, this paper investigated the operation conditions and existing problems of medium and small-sized steam turbine's hydraulic regulating system, and we found the main accidents of steam turbine: hydraulic regulating system works unsteady under debugging and normal running period; the adjustment method of axial movement was not scientific; urgent breaker work unsteady and so on. We analyzed the basic principle and makeup, structure and working principle, installment and design of regulating system, made use of the cause and effect diagram to find out various end factor of breakdown phenomenon, then advanced rearrange measurements aiming at various end factor. Later we consummated the measurements in practice gradually, and solved the problems nicely. These were verified in industrial practice and obtained good economic and social benefits.
This paper gives an introduction to the function, basic principle and makeup of steam turbine regulating system, an introduction to induction device, transmission amplifying device, implement device and feedback device of medium and small-sized steam turbine's hydraulic regulating system, a representation of formation of static characteristic curve of regulating system and two important index- speed fluctuation rate and the dilatoriness rate, an introduction to the concept, measure index and influencing factor of dynamic characteristic, a brief introduction to oil-feed system, an introduction to function structure and work principle of synchronous machine, an introduction to function structure and work principle of automatic throttle urgent breaker, break throttling, axial position breaker, magnetic break throttling in protection device. On this foundation, this paper investigated the operation conditions and existing problems of medium and small-sized steam turbine's hydraulic regulating system, and we found the main accidents of steam turbine: hydraulic regulating system works unsteady under debugging and normal running period; the adjustment method of axial movement was not scientific; urgent breaker work unsteady and so on. We analyzed the basic principle and makeup, structure and working principle, installment and design of regulating system, made use of the cause and effect diagram to find out various end factor of breakdown phenomenon, then advanced rearrange measurements aiming at various end factor. Later we consummated the measurements in practice gradually, and solved the problems nicely. These were verified in industrial practice and obtained good economic and social benefits.
引文
1．曹祖庆，潘武威，钱为民．汽轮机原理[M]．北京：中国工业出版社，1962：126-127
2．重庆大学 沈士一，西安交通大学庄贺庆，东南大学 康松，华北电力学院 庞立云．汽轮机原理[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1992：第六章
3．西安交通大学、浙江大学合编．大型汽轮机启停与试验调整[M]．电力工业出版社，1999：第四章
4．[瑞士]W．特劳佩尔著，张洪瀛等译．热力透平机[M]．水利电力出版社，1988：45-47
5．吉林大学．工程机械液压与传动[M]．机械工业出版社，1997：78-79
6．任良贤．机械设计[M]．西北工业大学出版社，1980：80
7．中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL5011-92，电力建设施工及验收规范 汽轮机机组篇．1992：206-207
8．李富义．液压技术与液压伺服系统[M]．哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，2001：112-116
9．贾铭新．液压传动与控制[M]．哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，2001：55-57
10．荆兆寿，刘胜．控制系统工程设计[M]．哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1998：22-25
11．哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院 于达仁，刘强．汽轮机调节系统卡涩故障的鲁棒诊断方法[J]．中国电机工程学报
12．达仁(Yu Daren)．汽轮机调节系统卡涩故障机理及监测方法研究(The jam fault in steam turbine governing system-mechanism and detection)[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学(Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology)
13．于达仁，秦骁程(Yu Daren，Oin Xiaocheng)．基于非线性辨识的汽轮机调节系统卡涩故障诊断(The detection of jam fault in steam governing system based on nonlinear identification)[J]．汽轮机技术(Turbine Technology)，38(6)：321-325
14．于达仁 项庆华 隋岩峰．汽轮机调节系统阀杆卡涩故障在线检测方法(On-line detection method for jam faults of the servo valve piston in the steam turbine governing system)[J]．中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE)，2001，21(12)：59-62
15．华中理工大学 吴季兰．汽轮机试验技术[M]．中国电力出版社，1985：78—82
16．康德．汽轮机设备安装工艺学[M]．水利电力出版社，1994：135-140
17．部颁规程．发电厂检修规程SD230-87．水利电力出版社
18．古俊杰．汽轮机控制监视和保护[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2000：第三章
19．部颁规程．发电厂试验规程SD230-87．水利电力出版社
20．肖增弘．汽轮机数字式电液调节系统[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，第一章
21．杨克桢，程光蕴，机械设基础[M]．高等教育出版社，1988：65-66
22. J. E. Shigley. Mechanical Engineering Design. 1997:88-90
23．赵鸿逵．主编．热力设备检修工艺学[M]．水利电力出版社，第十六章
24．四全电力教育协会．汽轮机调节及保护系统[M]．中国电力出版社，2003：102-110
25．于涛，许仲彦．工．业企业管理教程．[M]．山东科技出版社，116-130
26．丁绪东，刘书君．AutoCAD2004实用教程[M]．中国电力出版社
27．刘自放．，热工检测与自动调节[M]．中国电力出版社，2002：33-35
28．罗振璧．，朱立强．．工业工程导论[M]．机械工业出版社，2003：7
29．胡运权．，郭耀煌．运筹学教程(第二版)[M1，清华大学出版社，2003
30．邵维康等．火力发电厂危险点分析及予控措施[M]．中国电力出版社，2002：88-90
31．罗彦，林敏杜．轴向位移影响因素分析[J]．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002：Vol．14No．6 P．44-4R
32. IEEE Working Group Interim Report, Effect of Switching Network Disturbances on Turbine-Generator Shaft System, IEEE Tans. Pas. Vol.101 No.9 Sept.1982
33．林洋．双抽汽轮机组油动机及其系统改造[J]．汽轮机技术．2006：25-26
34．施振球主编．简明动力管道手册[M]．机械工业出版社，1997：84-96
35．国家标准．汽轮机试验规程 GB8117-1987
36. M. Pluviose. Stubilization of Flow Through Steam-Turbine Control Valves. Trans-actions of ASME. 1989, 111:642-646
37. J G Fergusan. brush as high performance turbine seals ASME paper 88-GT-182
38. A Muszynska. Tracking the mystery of oil whirl. Sound and vibration, 1987, (2): 8-12
39．谢可新等．最优化方法[M]．天津：天津大学出版社，1997：56-63
40．曹祖庆．汽轮机变工况特性[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1991，33-40
41. L H Smith. Secondary flow in axial flow turbomachinery Trans. of the ASME, 1995, 77(7):1064-1076
42. P. M. Anderson. Analysis of Faulted Power Systems[M], Iowa State University Press, 1973:42-46
43. Transient Processes in Electrical Power Systems, V. Venikov, 1980
44. A. F. Arbel. Analog Signal Processing and Instrumentation[M], London: Cambridge University Press, 1980:65-66
45. Leland Blank, Statistical Procedures for Engineering, Management, and Science, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984:78-82
46. R. M. Bethea, B. S. Duran, T. L. Boullion, Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition. Marcel Dekker. Inc., 1985:101-106
47．叶大钧．热力机械测试技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1981：33-38
48．西安热工研究所主编．热工技术手册[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1991：40
49．本公司汽轮机运行规程，检修规程
50．厂家提供的图纸及所有技术资料
2．重庆大学 沈士一，西安交通大学庄贺庆，东南大学 康松，华北电力学院 庞立云．汽轮机原理[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1992：第六章
3．西安交通大学、浙江大学合编．大型汽轮机启停与试验调整[M]．电力工业出版社，1999：第四章
4．[瑞士]W．特劳佩尔著，张洪瀛等译．热力透平机[M]．水利电力出版社，1988：45-47
5．吉林大学．工程机械液压与传动[M]．机械工业出版社，1997：78-79
6．任良贤．机械设计[M]．西北工业大学出版社，1980：80
7．中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL5011-92，电力建设施工及验收规范 汽轮机机组篇．1992：206-207
8．李富义．液压技术与液压伺服系统[M]．哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，2001：112-116
9．贾铭新．液压传动与控制[M]．哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，2001：55-57
10．荆兆寿，刘胜．控制系统工程设计[M]．哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1998：22-25
11．哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院 于达仁，刘强．汽轮机调节系统卡涩故障的鲁棒诊断方法[J]．中国电机工程学报
12．达仁(Yu Daren)．汽轮机调节系统卡涩故障机理及监测方法研究(The jam fault in steam turbine governing system-mechanism and detection)[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学(Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology)
13．于达仁，秦骁程(Yu Daren，Oin Xiaocheng)．基于非线性辨识的汽轮机调节系统卡涩故障诊断(The detection of jam fault in steam governing system based on nonlinear identification)[J]．汽轮机技术(Turbine Technology)，38(6)：321-325
14．于达仁 项庆华 隋岩峰．汽轮机调节系统阀杆卡涩故障在线检测方法(On-line detection method for jam faults of the servo valve piston in the steam turbine governing system)[J]．中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE)，2001，21(12)：59-62
15．华中理工大学 吴季兰．汽轮机试验技术[M]．中国电力出版社，1985：78—82
16．康德．汽轮机设备安装工艺学[M]．水利电力出版社，1994：135-140
17．部颁规程．发电厂检修规程SD230-87．水利电力出版社
18．古俊杰．汽轮机控制监视和保护[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2000：第三章
19．部颁规程．发电厂试验规程SD230-87．水利电力出版社
20．肖增弘．汽轮机数字式电液调节系统[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，第一章
21．杨克桢，程光蕴，机械设基础[M]．高等教育出版社，1988：65-66
22. J. E. Shigley. Mechanical Engineering Design. 1997:88-90
23．赵鸿逵．主编．热力设备检修工艺学[M]．水利电力出版社，第十六章
24．四全电力教育协会．汽轮机调节及保护系统[M]．中国电力出版社，2003：102-110
25．于涛，许仲彦．工．业企业管理教程．[M]．山东科技出版社，116-130
26．丁绪东，刘书君．AutoCAD2004实用教程[M]．中国电力出版社
27．刘自放．，热工检测与自动调节[M]．中国电力出版社，2002：33-35
28．罗振璧．，朱立强．．工业工程导论[M]．机械工业出版社，2003：7
29．胡运权．，郭耀煌．运筹学教程(第二版)[M1，清华大学出版社，2003
30．邵维康等．火力发电厂危险点分析及予控措施[M]．中国电力出版社，2002：88-90
31．罗彦，林敏杜．轴向位移影响因素分析[J]．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002：Vol．14No．6 P．44-4R
32. IEEE Working Group Interim Report, Effect of Switching Network Disturbances on Turbine-Generator Shaft System, IEEE Tans. Pas. Vol.101 No.9 Sept.1982
33．林洋．双抽汽轮机组油动机及其系统改造[J]．汽轮机技术．2006：25-26
34．施振球主编．简明动力管道手册[M]．机械工业出版社，1997：84-96
35．国家标准．汽轮机试验规程 GB8117-1987
36. M. Pluviose. Stubilization of Flow Through Steam-Turbine Control Valves. Trans-actions of ASME. 1989, 111:642-646
37. J G Fergusan. brush as high performance turbine seals ASME paper 88-GT-182
38. A Muszynska. Tracking the mystery of oil whirl. Sound and vibration, 1987, (2): 8-12
39．谢可新等．最优化方法[M]．天津：天津大学出版社，1997：56-63
40．曹祖庆．汽轮机变工况特性[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1991，33-40
41. L H Smith. Secondary flow in axial flow turbomachinery Trans. of the ASME, 1995, 77(7):1064-1076
42. P. M. Anderson. Analysis of Faulted Power Systems[M], Iowa State University Press, 1973:42-46
43. Transient Processes in Electrical Power Systems, V. Venikov, 1980
44. A. F. Arbel. Analog Signal Processing and Instrumentation[M], London: Cambridge University Press, 1980:65-66
45. Leland Blank, Statistical Procedures for Engineering, Management, and Science, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984:78-82
46. R. M. Bethea, B. S. Duran, T. L. Boullion, Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition. Marcel Dekker. Inc., 1985:101-106
47．叶大钧．热力机械测试技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1981：33-38
48．西安热工研究所主编．热工技术手册[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1991：40
49．本公司汽轮机运行规程，检修规程
50．厂家提供的图纸及所有技术资料