贵州二叠纪碱性玄武岩的岩石学和地球化学研究
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摘要
大火成岩省以溢流的拉斑玄武岩为主，碱性玄武岩较少。峨眉山大火成岩省的研究近几年取得了较好的成果，大多数学者对大火成岩省的内带和中带的苦橄岩和玄武岩的研究较集中，本文针对位于大火成岩省的外带即贵州水城、熊家场和福泉三个地区二叠纪碱性玄武岩进行岩石学和地球化学特征研究，分析其岩石成因和岩浆演化过程，探讨该岩区岩石对大火成岩省的指示意义，研究结果表明：
1)该岩区玄武岩全碱含量很高，Na_2O+K_2O=4.79%～8.86%，平均为7.25%，全岩SiO_2的含量为44.34%～50.04%，TiO_2的含量为1.48%～2.74%，MgO的含量为5.22%～8.41%，Mg#值较低为0.37～0.51，岩区岩石含有少量橄榄石、钛辉石和碱性长石，属于碱性玄武岩。
2)该区碱性玄武岩具有ΣREE富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式，显示出和洋岛玄武岩OIB的相似的地球化学特征，（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.70482～0.70503，εNd(t)和(206Pb/204Pb)t变化范围较窄:1.3～2.7和17.21～17.62。主量元素、微量元素和同位素特征都显示该区玄武岩来自富集地幔。
3)通过对代表原始岩浆的丽江苦橄岩的143Nd144Nd和87Sr86Sr同位素值进行模拟，该岩区岩石受到了1-2%的扬子下地壳的混染；利用MELTS程序进行了在岩浆封闭系统下结晶分异模拟，结果显示贵州三个地区玄武岩的形成温度范围为1131℃～1231℃，形成压力范围为10-18Kbar，比内带的苦橄岩形成温度和压力都要小。
4)与同属贵州威宁黑石头和织金二叠纪玄武岩比较，本岩区玄武岩富碱，TiO2含量低，Na_2O、MgO和Al_2O_3含量高，造成峨眉山大火成岩省东部贵州境内玄武岩不同性质的主要原因是由于地幔源区不同，分离结晶程度和地壳混染程度的不同。
5)贵州岩区从西到东部三个地区碱性玄武岩碱性逐渐增强，是峨眉山地幔柱上升至石榴石稳定区发生部分熔融，该岩区离地幔柱轴部较远而温度降低，导致部分熔融程度小，并且靠近地幔柱边部深度增加而压力变大，地幔柱的部分熔融体和富含挥发分的大陆岩石圈地幔混合，在上升到地表过程中受到轻微的下扬子地壳混染而形成的碱性玄武岩，是热柱边部或消亡期地幔小程度部分熔融的产物，这和峨眉山地幔柱模型的理论比较符合。
In recent years the researchs of ELIP gain much achievement. Most researchersfocus on picrites and basalts from the inner and intermediary zone of ELIPs. Thepetrological and geochemical characteristics of Permian alkaline basalts in ofShuicheng，Xiongjiachang and Fuquan in Guizhou were studied which located in theouter zone of ELIPs. The petrology genesis，evolution of magma and its implicationwere analysed and discussed，the results shows that:
1) The studied baslts are alkaline basalts，its total alkaline content are4.79%～8.86%，average to7.25%；they have SiO_2contents between44.5%~50.04%，theTiO_2content of2.38%~2.74%，MgO of4.15%~6.49%，Mg#of0.37-0.51；therocks contain a small quantity of olivine, titanaugite and alkali feldspar, so therock belong to alkalic basalts；
2) The rocks have the right deviation in rare-earth element distribution patterns withenriched total rare earth elements (ΣREE)，and are characterized by slightlyradiogenic (87Sr/86Sr)iratios (0.70482–0.70503)， the range of εNd(t) and(206Pb/204Pb)tvariations are narrow:1.3~1.8，and17.21–17.62，and they have thegeochemistry characteristics of ocean island basalts (OIB).
3) The isotope values of143Nd144Nd-87Sr86Sr of Lijiang Picrites were simulatedwhich represented the primary magma，it shows that the alkaline baslts in Guizhouwere contaminated by1-2%of the lower Yangtze crust. The Fractionalcrystallization were model using Melts software，the result indicates that theformation temperature of Guizhou Alkaline basalts are1131℃～1231℃，and thepressure are10-18Kbar，they are smaller than the Picrites located at the innerzone.
4) Compare with the basalts in Heishitou and Zhijin in Guizhou，the basalts inShuicheng have lower TiO_2contents，but higher Na_2O，MgO and Al_2O_3. Thedifferent mantle sources，fractional crystallization and crustal contamination maybe the causes of the different chemical compositions of these basalts in Guizhou.
5) The Guizhou alkaline basalts possibly originated from partial melting of mantleplume which arised to the garnet stability field，because of lower temperaturewhich located in the outer zone-the edge away from the mantle plume axis，theyhave lower partial melting degree. And with the long distance away from themantle plume axis, the depth and pressure increase. The melt interacted with thevolatile-rich metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle，and arised to theearth surface with minor contamination of Yangze lower crust formed alkali basalt.It accord with the theory of Emeishan mantle plume model.
1)该岩区玄武岩全碱含量很高，Na_2O+K_2O=4.79%～8.86%，平均为7.25%，全岩SiO_2的含量为44.34%～50.04%，TiO_2的含量为1.48%～2.74%，MgO的含量为5.22%～8.41%，Mg#值较低为0.37～0.51，岩区岩石含有少量橄榄石、钛辉石和碱性长石，属于碱性玄武岩。
2)该区碱性玄武岩具有ΣREE富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式，显示出和洋岛玄武岩OIB的相似的地球化学特征，（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.70482～0.70503，εNd(t)和(206Pb/204Pb)t变化范围较窄:1.3～2.7和17.21～17.62。主量元素、微量元素和同位素特征都显示该区玄武岩来自富集地幔。
3)通过对代表原始岩浆的丽江苦橄岩的143Nd144Nd和87Sr86Sr同位素值进行模拟，该岩区岩石受到了1-2%的扬子下地壳的混染；利用MELTS程序进行了在岩浆封闭系统下结晶分异模拟，结果显示贵州三个地区玄武岩的形成温度范围为1131℃～1231℃，形成压力范围为10-18Kbar，比内带的苦橄岩形成温度和压力都要小。
4)与同属贵州威宁黑石头和织金二叠纪玄武岩比较，本岩区玄武岩富碱，TiO2含量低，Na_2O、MgO和Al_2O_3含量高，造成峨眉山大火成岩省东部贵州境内玄武岩不同性质的主要原因是由于地幔源区不同，分离结晶程度和地壳混染程度的不同。
5)贵州岩区从西到东部三个地区碱性玄武岩碱性逐渐增强，是峨眉山地幔柱上升至石榴石稳定区发生部分熔融，该岩区离地幔柱轴部较远而温度降低，导致部分熔融程度小，并且靠近地幔柱边部深度增加而压力变大，地幔柱的部分熔融体和富含挥发分的大陆岩石圈地幔混合，在上升到地表过程中受到轻微的下扬子地壳混染而形成的碱性玄武岩，是热柱边部或消亡期地幔小程度部分熔融的产物，这和峨眉山地幔柱模型的理论比较符合。
In recent years the researchs of ELIP gain much achievement. Most researchersfocus on picrites and basalts from the inner and intermediary zone of ELIPs. Thepetrological and geochemical characteristics of Permian alkaline basalts in ofShuicheng，Xiongjiachang and Fuquan in Guizhou were studied which located in theouter zone of ELIPs. The petrology genesis，evolution of magma and its implicationwere analysed and discussed，the results shows that:
1) The studied baslts are alkaline basalts，its total alkaline content are4.79%～8.86%，average to7.25%；they have SiO_2contents between44.5%~50.04%，theTiO_2content of2.38%~2.74%，MgO of4.15%~6.49%，Mg#of0.37-0.51；therocks contain a small quantity of olivine, titanaugite and alkali feldspar, so therock belong to alkalic basalts；
2) The rocks have the right deviation in rare-earth element distribution patterns withenriched total rare earth elements (ΣREE)，and are characterized by slightlyradiogenic (87Sr/86Sr)iratios (0.70482–0.70503)， the range of εNd(t) and(206Pb/204Pb)tvariations are narrow:1.3~1.8，and17.21–17.62，and they have thegeochemistry characteristics of ocean island basalts (OIB).
3) The isotope values of143Nd144Nd-87Sr86Sr of Lijiang Picrites were simulatedwhich represented the primary magma，it shows that the alkaline baslts in Guizhouwere contaminated by1-2%of the lower Yangtze crust. The Fractionalcrystallization were model using Melts software，the result indicates that theformation temperature of Guizhou Alkaline basalts are1131℃～1231℃，and thepressure are10-18Kbar，they are smaller than the Picrites located at the innerzone.
4) Compare with the basalts in Heishitou and Zhijin in Guizhou，the basalts inShuicheng have lower TiO_2contents，but higher Na_2O，MgO and Al_2O_3. Thedifferent mantle sources，fractional crystallization and crustal contamination maybe the causes of the different chemical compositions of these basalts in Guizhou.
5) The Guizhou alkaline basalts possibly originated from partial melting of mantleplume which arised to the garnet stability field，because of lower temperaturewhich located in the outer zone-the edge away from the mantle plume axis，theyhave lower partial melting degree. And with the long distance away from themantle plume axis, the depth and pressure increase. The melt interacted with thevolatile-rich metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle，and arised to theearth surface with minor contamination of Yangze lower crust formed alkali basalt.It accord with the theory of Emeishan mantle plume model.
引文
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