汽车发动机再制造回收及影响因素分析研究
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摘要
发动机再制造已经被国家列为推动循环经济的重要产业与发展方向。目前,废旧发动机回收不足是发动机再制造行业发展的瓶颈,而回收策略对废旧发动机的回收起着决定性的作用,影响着闭环供应链系统运作绩效,引起了企业界、学术界和政府部门的普遍关注。本论文基于消费行为学理论从发动机再制造闭环供应链内外部出发,分析发动机再制造回收的影响因素,研究不同的回收策略下的回收模型,讨论分析其对废旧发动机回收的影响,主要研究结论如下:
(1)提出再制造商参与回收的双渠道回收策略。构建了再制造商参与回收的双渠道回收模型和服务站进行回收的单一回收渠道模型,考虑废旧发动机回收价格对再制造发动机销量的影响,分别对合作和非合作下不同回收渠道进行建模分析,讨论不同回收策略模型下的均衡解,得出结论:固定废旧汽车发动机回收量取值不同,再制造商采取的回收策略不同。当固定废旧汽车发动机回收量为零时,采取非合作决策下的双渠道进行回收对整个供应链整体是有利的;当固定废旧汽车发动机回收量不为零时,根据其取值范围不同,分别有三种不同回收策略选择:非合作决策下的双回收渠道、合作决策下的双回收渠道和单一回收渠道。
(2)提出制造商支持下的销售—回购协议回收策略。构建销售—回购协议下的回收模型,来协调服务站和客户的回收时间,以保证再制造商、服务站和客户的收益共同达到最优值,并和一般回收模型进行对比。得出结论:废旧发动机在多次回收再制造后,具有更好性能的产品能够给客户带来更大的收益,这种效应能够推动客户对于再制造发动机的购买需求。
(3)考虑补贴与奖惩政策对发动机再制造回收的影响,构建并分析了补贴与奖惩政策下的回收模型。根据补贴与奖惩的对象不同,分别建立了五种不同的回收模型,运用博弈论,建立非合作下的不同补贴与奖惩政策的决策模型,讨论不同补贴与奖惩政策对增加废旧发动机回收数量的有效性。得出结论:在补贴政策下,给予服务站补贴比给予再制造商对增加废旧发动机回收数量更有效;在奖惩政策下,对再制造商奖惩比对服务站奖惩更有效。
(4)构建并分析了公益广告宣传措施影响下的回收模型。考虑公益宣传影响客户对再制造发动机期望质量的系数,建立客户的效用函数,推导出再制造发动机的需求函数,讨论公益广告宣传对客户消费行为的影响。得出结论:随着影响系数的增加,再制造发动机的销量增加,进而拉动废旧发动机回收量的增加;还可以通过提高再制造发动机的质量来增加销量间接提高回收量。
Engine remanufacturing which is the part of automotive parts remanufacturing has been regarded as an important industry to promote the development of the recycling economy.Nowadays, the lack of the recovery of obsolete engine restricts the development of the engine remanufacturing industry, and the recycling strategies play a decisive role in the recovery of obsolete engine, then they affect the supply chain performance. Therefore, recovery strategy has already caused the extensive concerns of the academic and business circles. This paper analyses and research the cause of recovery from the internal and external parts of the closed-loop supply chain of engine remanufacturing. The paper buildings and analyses the different closed-loop supply chain models based on different recovery strategies. The main conclusions of this dissertation are as followed:
(1)The paper puts forward the recovery strategy that the service station and the remanufacturer both recollect the used engine. Then it builds two different models of the closed-loop supply chain based on recovery strategy: a single channel recycling model and composite channel recycling model. The paper builds the two different mathematical models and obtains non-cooperative game equilibrium and the cooperative game equilibrium. Based on comparative analysis, it comes to the conclusion that: the remanufacturer choices the different recovery strategy based on the different fixed amount of used engine recycling. The remanufacturer will choose the non-cooperation composite channel recycling when the fixed amount of used engine recycling is zero; when the fixed amount of used engine recycling isn’t zero, the remanufacturer will have three choices: the non-cooperation composite channel recycling, the cooperation composite channel recycling and the single channel recycling.
(2) The paper puts forward the“sale-buyback contract”recovery strategy. The“sale-buyback contract”model has been established. Contracted with normal closed-loop supply chain model, the remanufacturer and the customer set a protocol about the return time, the remanufacturer, the service station and the customer are in good condition by this way. Based on comparative analysis with normal model. The conclusion is following: the customer will get better profit through several remanufacturing recycling, and it will promote the customer to purchase the remanufacturer engine.
(3) The paper establishes and analyses the model of closed-loop supply chain with subsidy and discipline policy. There are five different models based on the different subsidy and discipline object. Based on comparative analysis with different models. The conclusion is following: The number of use engine recovery with subsidy for service station is better than the number of use engine recovery with subsidy for remanufacturer.
(4) The model with public service advertising measure is established. Demand function of remanufactured engine has been deriver by establishing utility function of customer. The paper discusses the influence coefficient of advertisement propaganda which effects the expectation of customers for the quality of remanufactured engine. Some conclusions are derived. The demand is increasing with the influence coefficient increasing.
(1)提出再制造商参与回收的双渠道回收策略。构建了再制造商参与回收的双渠道回收模型和服务站进行回收的单一回收渠道模型,考虑废旧发动机回收价格对再制造发动机销量的影响,分别对合作和非合作下不同回收渠道进行建模分析,讨论不同回收策略模型下的均衡解,得出结论:固定废旧汽车发动机回收量取值不同,再制造商采取的回收策略不同。当固定废旧汽车发动机回收量为零时,采取非合作决策下的双渠道进行回收对整个供应链整体是有利的;当固定废旧汽车发动机回收量不为零时,根据其取值范围不同,分别有三种不同回收策略选择:非合作决策下的双回收渠道、合作决策下的双回收渠道和单一回收渠道。
(2)提出制造商支持下的销售—回购协议回收策略。构建销售—回购协议下的回收模型,来协调服务站和客户的回收时间,以保证再制造商、服务站和客户的收益共同达到最优值,并和一般回收模型进行对比。得出结论:废旧发动机在多次回收再制造后,具有更好性能的产品能够给客户带来更大的收益,这种效应能够推动客户对于再制造发动机的购买需求。
(3)考虑补贴与奖惩政策对发动机再制造回收的影响,构建并分析了补贴与奖惩政策下的回收模型。根据补贴与奖惩的对象不同,分别建立了五种不同的回收模型,运用博弈论,建立非合作下的不同补贴与奖惩政策的决策模型,讨论不同补贴与奖惩政策对增加废旧发动机回收数量的有效性。得出结论:在补贴政策下,给予服务站补贴比给予再制造商对增加废旧发动机回收数量更有效;在奖惩政策下,对再制造商奖惩比对服务站奖惩更有效。
(4)构建并分析了公益广告宣传措施影响下的回收模型。考虑公益宣传影响客户对再制造发动机期望质量的系数,建立客户的效用函数,推导出再制造发动机的需求函数,讨论公益广告宣传对客户消费行为的影响。得出结论:随着影响系数的增加,再制造发动机的销量增加,进而拉动废旧发动机回收量的增加;还可以通过提高再制造发动机的质量来增加销量间接提高回收量。
Engine remanufacturing which is the part of automotive parts remanufacturing has been regarded as an important industry to promote the development of the recycling economy.Nowadays, the lack of the recovery of obsolete engine restricts the development of the engine remanufacturing industry, and the recycling strategies play a decisive role in the recovery of obsolete engine, then they affect the supply chain performance. Therefore, recovery strategy has already caused the extensive concerns of the academic and business circles. This paper analyses and research the cause of recovery from the internal and external parts of the closed-loop supply chain of engine remanufacturing. The paper buildings and analyses the different closed-loop supply chain models based on different recovery strategies. The main conclusions of this dissertation are as followed:
(1)The paper puts forward the recovery strategy that the service station and the remanufacturer both recollect the used engine. Then it builds two different models of the closed-loop supply chain based on recovery strategy: a single channel recycling model and composite channel recycling model. The paper builds the two different mathematical models and obtains non-cooperative game equilibrium and the cooperative game equilibrium. Based on comparative analysis, it comes to the conclusion that: the remanufacturer choices the different recovery strategy based on the different fixed amount of used engine recycling. The remanufacturer will choose the non-cooperation composite channel recycling when the fixed amount of used engine recycling is zero; when the fixed amount of used engine recycling isn’t zero, the remanufacturer will have three choices: the non-cooperation composite channel recycling, the cooperation composite channel recycling and the single channel recycling.
(2) The paper puts forward the“sale-buyback contract”recovery strategy. The“sale-buyback contract”model has been established. Contracted with normal closed-loop supply chain model, the remanufacturer and the customer set a protocol about the return time, the remanufacturer, the service station and the customer are in good condition by this way. Based on comparative analysis with normal model. The conclusion is following: the customer will get better profit through several remanufacturing recycling, and it will promote the customer to purchase the remanufacturer engine.
(3) The paper establishes and analyses the model of closed-loop supply chain with subsidy and discipline policy. There are five different models based on the different subsidy and discipline object. Based on comparative analysis with different models. The conclusion is following: The number of use engine recovery with subsidy for service station is better than the number of use engine recovery with subsidy for remanufacturer.
(4) The model with public service advertising measure is established. Demand function of remanufactured engine has been deriver by establishing utility function of customer. The paper discusses the influence coefficient of advertisement propaganda which effects the expectation of customers for the quality of remanufactured engine. Some conclusions are derived. The demand is increasing with the influence coefficient increasing.
引文
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