热电厂环境影响评价共性问题研究
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摘要
人类经济的发展导致了对环境的破坏,为了人类的健康和生物的生存环境,要对人类活动产生的污染物的含量做出限制性的规定,最大限度地减少对环境的破坏。世界各国意思到环境的重要性,纷纷建立了环境影响评价制度,中国2003年也将此项工作法制化。
本文通过对热电项目的工程分析,认为热电厂建设项目环境影响评价需要特别把握的共性问题为：与产业政策的相符性；准确预测大气污染物的产生负荷、污染物浓度,确定合理的烟囱高度,提出具体可行的大气污染物污染防治措施；准确预测污水产生负荷、污染物浓度,提出具体可行的污水治理措施,提高水循环利用水平；固体废渣(粉煤灰、炉渣、脱硫石膏等)的综合利用措施；清洁生产评价；风险评价。
本文在提出热电厂建设环境影响共性问题的前提下,以丹东金山热电厂新建工程的环境影响评价为例,对环境影响评价中因子选择、工程污染分析、清洁生产、污染预测与评价、污染防治对策、风险分析等方面问题进行了系统深入的分析评价,提出了技术上可行、经济上合理的热电厂污染治理措施,从而使热电厂建设产生的环境问题控制在可以接受的水平上。
通过计算确定丹东金山热电厂的烟囱合理高度为190m、出口内径为7m,同时为保证周围空气环境质量,工程用煤应采用低灰分、低硫煤；烟气采用静电除尘器除尘后,采用石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫设施,静电除尘器除尘效率不低于99.7%。提出了灰渣装卸、输送及贮灰场防治措施。
提出了粉煤灰、炉渣及脱硫石膏的综合利用措施和途径。
分析了热电厂输变电线路的电磁辐射和无线电干扰等环境问题,提出了降低电磁辐射影响、避免无线电干扰、过电压保护及降低静电感应场强水平的措施。
通过对除尘、脱硫设施、废水处理设施等非正常工况排放进行分析,提出事故防范措施；同时对油罐提出了风险防护措施。
从生产工艺与装备、污染物产生指标及废物综合利用指标等方面分析了项目的清洁生产水平。
The development of economy lead to the failure to environment. For the health of human and the survival environment of biology, it should make the restrictive regulations to the content of pollutants made by human activity, and furthest reduce the failure to environment. The countries in the world realized the important of environment and established the institution of environmental impact. China also made this work legalization in 2003.
By analysis on the thermal plant project engineering in this paper,it consider that the common problem of environmental impact assessment of thermal plant construction project are: equates to industry policy; accurately forecasting the production load and concentration of air pollutants, determining the reasonable height of chimney, proposing concreted feasible pollution control measures; accurately forecasting the production load and concentration of water pollutants, proposing concreted feasible pollution control measures, improving water using level; the comprehensive utilization measures of solid waste residue; the evaluation of clean production; the risk evaluation.
Under proposed the common problem of environmental impact assessment of thermal plant construction, with the example of the environmental impact assessment of Dandong Jinshan thermal plant construction project, by systematic analysis and evaluation deeply on factor selection, pollution analysis, clean production, pollution prediction and evaluation, pollution control countermeasure, risk analysis ect in environmental impact assessment, propose the pollution governance measures with the feasibility in technically and the reasonably in economy, thus control the environmental pollution made by thermal plant construction on the acceptable level.
By calculating and determined the chimney's reasonable height of Dandong Jinshan thermal power plant is 190m, export diameter is 7m, meanwhile for guarantee the environmental quality of air around, project should use the low sulfur coal, dedusting efficiency should not less than 99.7% after using the static electrostatic precipitator and limestone gypsum wet method desulfurization facilities, propose the control measure of ash handling and transport and storage yard.
Proposed the comprehensive utilization measures and ways of powder ash and slay and desulfurization gypsum.
Analysis the environmental problem of the electromagnetic radiation of the thermal power plant transport variable electric line and radio interference, proposed the measures of decreasing the effects of electromagnetic radiation and avoiding the interference of radio and protection of over voltage and decreasing the level of electrostatic induction field strength.
By analysis on abnormal condition emission of dust removal desulfurization facilities and wastewater treatment facilities, proposed the accident preventive measures and proposed the risk protection measures to oil tank.
Analysis the clean production level from production process and equipment and the index of pollutants and waste comprehensive utilization.
本文通过对热电项目的工程分析,认为热电厂建设项目环境影响评价需要特别把握的共性问题为：与产业政策的相符性；准确预测大气污染物的产生负荷、污染物浓度,确定合理的烟囱高度,提出具体可行的大气污染物污染防治措施；准确预测污水产生负荷、污染物浓度,提出具体可行的污水治理措施,提高水循环利用水平；固体废渣(粉煤灰、炉渣、脱硫石膏等)的综合利用措施；清洁生产评价；风险评价。
本文在提出热电厂建设环境影响共性问题的前提下,以丹东金山热电厂新建工程的环境影响评价为例,对环境影响评价中因子选择、工程污染分析、清洁生产、污染预测与评价、污染防治对策、风险分析等方面问题进行了系统深入的分析评价,提出了技术上可行、经济上合理的热电厂污染治理措施,从而使热电厂建设产生的环境问题控制在可以接受的水平上。
通过计算确定丹东金山热电厂的烟囱合理高度为190m、出口内径为7m,同时为保证周围空气环境质量,工程用煤应采用低灰分、低硫煤；烟气采用静电除尘器除尘后,采用石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫设施,静电除尘器除尘效率不低于99.7%。提出了灰渣装卸、输送及贮灰场防治措施。
提出了粉煤灰、炉渣及脱硫石膏的综合利用措施和途径。
分析了热电厂输变电线路的电磁辐射和无线电干扰等环境问题,提出了降低电磁辐射影响、避免无线电干扰、过电压保护及降低静电感应场强水平的措施。
通过对除尘、脱硫设施、废水处理设施等非正常工况排放进行分析,提出事故防范措施；同时对油罐提出了风险防护措施。
从生产工艺与装备、污染物产生指标及废物综合利用指标等方面分析了项目的清洁生产水平。
The development of economy lead to the failure to environment. For the health of human and the survival environment of biology, it should make the restrictive regulations to the content of pollutants made by human activity, and furthest reduce the failure to environment. The countries in the world realized the important of environment and established the institution of environmental impact. China also made this work legalization in 2003.
By analysis on the thermal plant project engineering in this paper,it consider that the common problem of environmental impact assessment of thermal plant construction project are: equates to industry policy; accurately forecasting the production load and concentration of air pollutants, determining the reasonable height of chimney, proposing concreted feasible pollution control measures; accurately forecasting the production load and concentration of water pollutants, proposing concreted feasible pollution control measures, improving water using level; the comprehensive utilization measures of solid waste residue; the evaluation of clean production; the risk evaluation.
Under proposed the common problem of environmental impact assessment of thermal plant construction, with the example of the environmental impact assessment of Dandong Jinshan thermal plant construction project, by systematic analysis and evaluation deeply on factor selection, pollution analysis, clean production, pollution prediction and evaluation, pollution control countermeasure, risk analysis ect in environmental impact assessment, propose the pollution governance measures with the feasibility in technically and the reasonably in economy, thus control the environmental pollution made by thermal plant construction on the acceptable level.
By calculating and determined the chimney's reasonable height of Dandong Jinshan thermal power plant is 190m, export diameter is 7m, meanwhile for guarantee the environmental quality of air around, project should use the low sulfur coal, dedusting efficiency should not less than 99.7% after using the static electrostatic precipitator and limestone gypsum wet method desulfurization facilities, propose the control measure of ash handling and transport and storage yard.
Proposed the comprehensive utilization measures and ways of powder ash and slay and desulfurization gypsum.
Analysis the environmental problem of the electromagnetic radiation of the thermal power plant transport variable electric line and radio interference, proposed the measures of decreasing the effects of electromagnetic radiation and avoiding the interference of radio and protection of over voltage and decreasing the level of electrostatic induction field strength.
By analysis on abnormal condition emission of dust removal desulfurization facilities and wastewater treatment facilities, proposed the accident preventive measures and proposed the risk protection measures to oil tank.
Analysis the clean production level from production process and equipment and the index of pollutants and waste comprehensive utilization.
引文
1.徐新阳.环境评价教程[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
2.北京市环境保护科学院研究院.环境影响评价典型实例[M],北京：化学工业出版,2002.
3.环境影响评价相关技术导则与标准汇编2006版[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2006.
4.赵大传.工业环境学[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2004.
5.冯裕华.环境污染控制[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2004.
6.国家环境保护局.环境影响评价技术导则-大气环境(HJ/T2.2-1993) [M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,1994.
7.朱蓓丽.环境工程概论(第二版)[M],北京：科学出版社,2006.
8.陈沛宏.环境法规[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
9.国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心.环境影响评价案例分析[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2007.
10. John, J. Cohrssen et al. Risk Analysis:A Guide to Principles Methods for Analyzing Health and Environmental Risks,1989.
11.陈蓉.浅论我国规划环境影响评价制度及其完善[J],城市规划,2004(08).
12.肖华山.规划环境影响评价指标体系及评价方法探讨[J],金属矿山,2003(12).
13.LASOD. Global assessment of soil degradation, World map. Wageningen(Netherlands):ISRIC and PUNE,1990.
14.刘翠玲.复杂地形水泥厂窑尾烟囱高度的确定[J],气象与环境学报,2006(2).
15.中华人民共和国环境影响评价法[M],环境导报,2003(17).
16.李文斌.火电厂建设项目环评中有关问题的探讨[J],环境保护,2000(7).
17.刘煜.对电厂工程环境影响评价中若干问题的探讨[J], 电力环境保护,1995(01).
18. Norman. J. McCormick, Reliability and Risk Analysis, Academic Press,Inc (London) LTD.1981.
19.赵国珍.环境影响评价中大气扩散模型应用的几个问题[J], 辽宁气象,2003(04).
20.李宇英.电厂环境评价中的工程分析[J],华中电力,2006(06).
21. Harold E. Roland and Rrian Moriarty, System Safety Engineering and Management, John Wiley and Sons, Inc,1983.
22.高冰凌,卿光明.化工项目环境影响评价要点[J], 化工设计,2003(01).
23. Robert, W. Kutes. Risk Assessment of Environmental Risks Assessment,1990.
24.田艳丽.焦化生产环境影响评价中的清洁生产机会分析[J],科技情报开发与经济,2003(01).
25.李忠,田宏群.燃煤发电厂施工期环境空气影响评价与管理探讨[J],西北电力技术,2005(03).
26.于昌欣.固体废物的环境影响评价[J], 北方环境,2002(03).
27.杨丽.燃煤电厂环境损害估算及环境工程经济分析[D],华北电力大学(北京),2003
28.汤蕴琳.新建大型燃煤电厂的环保对策[J],电力建设,2004,(05).
29.李岱松.近年朝阳地区大气污染时间变化特征分析[J],气象与环境学报,2006(1).
30.刘翠玲,常艳君.鲅鱼圈地区污染气象特征分析[J],气象与环境学报,2006(1).
2.北京市环境保护科学院研究院.环境影响评价典型实例[M],北京：化学工业出版,2002.
3.环境影响评价相关技术导则与标准汇编2006版[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2006.
4.赵大传.工业环境学[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2004.
5.冯裕华.环境污染控制[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2004.
6.国家环境保护局.环境影响评价技术导则-大气环境(HJ/T2.2-1993) [M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,1994.
7.朱蓓丽.环境工程概论(第二版)[M],北京：科学出版社,2006.
8.陈沛宏.环境法规[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
9.国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心.环境影响评价案例分析[M],北京：中国环境科学出版社,2007.
10. John, J. Cohrssen et al. Risk Analysis:A Guide to Principles Methods for Analyzing Health and Environmental Risks,1989.
11.陈蓉.浅论我国规划环境影响评价制度及其完善[J],城市规划,2004(08).
12.肖华山.规划环境影响评价指标体系及评价方法探讨[J],金属矿山,2003(12).
13.LASOD. Global assessment of soil degradation, World map. Wageningen(Netherlands):ISRIC and PUNE,1990.
14.刘翠玲.复杂地形水泥厂窑尾烟囱高度的确定[J],气象与环境学报,2006(2).
15.中华人民共和国环境影响评价法[M],环境导报,2003(17).
16.李文斌.火电厂建设项目环评中有关问题的探讨[J],环境保护,2000(7).
17.刘煜.对电厂工程环境影响评价中若干问题的探讨[J], 电力环境保护,1995(01).
18. Norman. J. McCormick, Reliability and Risk Analysis, Academic Press,Inc (London) LTD.1981.
19.赵国珍.环境影响评价中大气扩散模型应用的几个问题[J], 辽宁气象,2003(04).
20.李宇英.电厂环境评价中的工程分析[J],华中电力,2006(06).
21. Harold E. Roland and Rrian Moriarty, System Safety Engineering and Management, John Wiley and Sons, Inc,1983.
22.高冰凌,卿光明.化工项目环境影响评价要点[J], 化工设计,2003(01).
23. Robert, W. Kutes. Risk Assessment of Environmental Risks Assessment,1990.
24.田艳丽.焦化生产环境影响评价中的清洁生产机会分析[J],科技情报开发与经济,2003(01).
25.李忠,田宏群.燃煤发电厂施工期环境空气影响评价与管理探讨[J],西北电力技术,2005(03).
26.于昌欣.固体废物的环境影响评价[J], 北方环境,2002(03).
27.杨丽.燃煤电厂环境损害估算及环境工程经济分析[D],华北电力大学(北京),2003
28.汤蕴琳.新建大型燃煤电厂的环保对策[J],电力建设,2004,(05).
29.李岱松.近年朝阳地区大气污染时间变化特征分析[J],气象与环境学报,2006(1).
30.刘翠玲,常艳君.鲅鱼圈地区污染气象特征分析[J],气象与环境学报,2006(1).